Лексические приёмы, используемые для стилистического анализа текстов

• Metaphor

• Simile

• Personification

• Metonymy

• Synecdoche

• Epithet

• Hyperbole

• Understatement

• Oxymoron

• Periphrasis

• Zeugma

• Pun

• Antonomasia

• Paradox

• Parallelism

• Chiasmus

• Polysyndeton

• Asyndeton

• Detachment

• Repetition

• Suspense

• Climax

• Anticlimax

• Antithesis

• Litotes

1. Metaphor – a lexical stylistic device that describes a person or object by referring to smth with similar characteristics. Когда 2 объекта схожи в чем-то.

E.g. a heart of stone/the mind is an ocean/the city is a jungle.

1. Simile (сравнение) – a lexical stylistic device based on the analogy between two unlike objects belonging to two different classes. Используется с like, as.

E.g. sly as a fox, hurts like the devil, fight like cats and dogs.

1. Personification – a lexical stylistic device which gives a human quality to inanimate object.

E.g. the face of London.

1. Metonymy – a lexical stylistic device based on contiguity of objects. Одно слово заменяется на другое

E.g. crown (=king, queen), hand (=worker), I wish he would keep his nose out of the plans. (Nose is metonymy for interest or attention)

1. Synechdoche – a lexical stylistic device which refers a part of smth to the whole of it. Связано с количеством. Замена мн. ч. на ед. ч. и наоборот.

E.g. a pair of hands (=worker), the law (=police officer)

1. Epithet – a lexical stylistic device which gives an attributive characterization. Делает предложение более красочным.

e.g. wild wind (instead of wind), formidable waves (instead of waves)

1. Hyperbole (Overstatement) – a lexical stylistic device which makes smth better, more dangerous, etc. than it is.

E.g. I’m so hungry that I could eat a horse/ I’m dying of thirst

1. Understatement – a lexical stylistic device which makes smth smaller, less important, etc.

E.g. “It was O.K.” – Said by the student who got the highest score on the test.

1. Oxymoron – a lexical stylistic device based on a contrast between two words. Когда 2 понятия противоречат друг другу, н-р: тихий крик

E.g. same difference, only choice, silent scream

1. Periphrasis – a lexical stylistic device which consists of using a roundabout form instead of a simpler one. Когда мы простое слово заменяем на, скажем так, его определение

E.g. the person I’ll never forget (=V.)

1. Zeugma – a lexical stylistic device which uses one word in two different meanings. по сути должно быть 2 предмета, либо же повторяется глагол…еще возможно наличие or, and

E.g. And the boys took their places and their books.

1. Pun – a lexical stylistic device which uses the words with similar or identical sounds but with different meanings. Что-то странное, попытка пошутить в предолжении…

E.g. Her cat is near the computer to keep an eye on the mouse.

1. Antonomasia – a lexical stylistic device which uses a proper name for a common one, and vice versa. Похоже на описание человека с помощью известного имени.

E.g. he is a real Scrooge (жадный как Скрудж)

1. Paradox – a lexical stylistic device which is a statement contradictory to what is accepted as truth. Допустим, если кто-то скажет, что жизнь проста, то это будет парадокс.

E.g. I think that life is far too important a thing ever to talk seriously about it.

1. Parallelism – a syntactical stylistic device based on a recurrence of syntactically identical sequences which are different. 2 части предложения, схожие по смыслу, но в этот же момент различаются.

E.g. What we anticipate seldom occurs; what we least expect generally happens.

1. |kæɪˈæzməs| Chiasmus – a syntactical stylistic device based on the repetition of a syntactical pattern, but it has a cross word order. По сути, 2 части предложения, которые повторяются, но в одном из них нарушен порядок слов

E.g. Down dropped the breeze, The sails dropped down.

1. Polysyndeton – a syntactical stylistic device which consists in an insistent repetition of a connective between words. Повторение союза

E.g. And in the sky the stars are met, And on the wave a deeper blue.

1. Asyndeton – a syntactical stylistic device which consists in the deliberate omission of connectives. К черту союзы короче! Либо , либо -

E.g. No warmth – no cheerfulness, no healful ease

1. Detachment – a syntactical stylistic device which consists in separating a secondary part of a sentence in order to emphasize it. Должно быть выделение какой-то части в предложении.

E.g. “I want to go,” he said, miserable

1. Repetition – a syntactical stylistic device based on the repeated occurrence of words. Повторение какой-либо части, сложно пропустить.

E.g. I wouldn’t mind him if he wasn’t so conceited and didn’t bore me, and bore me, and bore me

1. Suspense – a syntactical stylistic device consists in sustaining of anticipation by means of postponement of the completion of the expressed thought.

e.g. If you can dream − and not make dreams your master;

1. Climax – a syntactical stylistic device which includes a number of ideas with rising impressiveness. Н-р: не привлекательный, не красивый, уродливый и т.д.

e.g. Janet Spence’s parlour-maid was … ugly on purpose … malignantly, criminally ugly.

1. Anticlimax – a syntactical stylistic device which includes a number of ideas with ascending significance, impressiveness.

E.g. Had filled them with desire of fame, and beer.

1. Antithesis – a syntactical stylistic device consisting in an opposition of ideas expressed by parallelism. Много-мало, дорого-дешево

e.g. Some people have much to live on, and little to love for.

1. |laɪˈtəʊtiːz| Litotes – a syntactical stylistic device, a type of understatement, consisting in the use of a negative for the contrary. Not + что-то плохое (not bad, hardly unattractive).

e.g. He had not been unhappy all day.