I. General Words
1. environment — окружающая среда
2. pollution — загрязнение
to reduce pollution
Land pollution, air pollution, water pollution
Many scientists think about serious changes in the climate because of the pollution of the atmosphere.
3. protection — защита
4. environmental — связанные с окружающей средой (=ecological)
environmental problems
environmental protection
Environmental pollution is becoming worse.
Pollution is among the main environmental problems.
5. to protect the environment — защищать окружающую среду
6. to pollute / to be polluted by — загрязнять / быть загрязненным чем-то
to pollute the environment
To pollute the water, air, atmosphere means to make it dirty and dangerous for people and animals to live in or to use.
The air in the cities is polluted by car fumes (выхлопными газами).
7. An influence = an effect — влияние (воздействие)
to have a strong influence (effect) on
TV has a strong influence on people.
Climate has a very important influence on plants, animals and humans.
8. to influence smth (greatly) — влиять (сильно)
What influenced his decision?
His speech influenced me greatly.
Humans influence Nature.
9. human influence — влияние человека
10. to destroy / to be destroyed — разрушить, уничтожить / быть уничтоженным
to destroy buildings, to destroy hopes
to destroy wildlife, countryside beauty
The house was destroyed.
Fires often destroy forests.
11. a destruction — разрушение
the destruction of environment
the destruction of wildlife & countryside beauty
destruction of ozone layer
destruction of rainforests
Pouring oil into the water will cause pollution and the destruction of our seas and rivers.
12. damage — ущерб
13. to damage / to be damaged — нанести ущерб / быть поврежденным
14. fragile — хрупкий
fragile health
Our fragile planet needs protection
Name 3 things that are fragile.
15. to cause / to be caused — вызывать / вызван
to cause illness
to cause decease
to cause death
to cause destruction
to cause troubles
to cause pollution
A burning cigarette caused the fire.
Smoking causes lung decease.
16. a disaster — катастрофа
a terrible disaster
nuclear disaster
ecological disaster
Fire is a disaster.
17. to survive — выжить
18. safe — безопасный
19. safety — безопасность
20. global — глобальный
global problems
global warming
21. crisis [`kraisis] — кризис
ecological crisis
global crisis
22. to prevent — предотвратить
23. to take actions — принимать меры
24. to prohibit / to be prohibited — запретить / запрещено
to be strictly prohibited
Feeding animals in zoos is strictly prohibited.
II. Pollution
25. to produce — производить
26. energy — энергия
Energy is the power from electricity, wind, etc. that helps machines work.
27. nuclear — ядерный
nuclear energy
nuclear power stations
nuclear tests
nuclear weapons
a nuclear waste
Nuclear waste endangers people’s lives.
People all over the world protest against nuclear tests.
Nuclear power stations can go wrong and cause nuclear pollution.
28. a dump — свалка
town dump
This town is a real dump.
Take all this litter to the town dump.
29. litter — мелкий мусор
to drop litter
to clear litter away
30. cans of coke/ beer — банки от колы, пива
31. packaging — упаковка
32. packed goods — упакованные товары
33. rubbish / garbage – крупный мусор
34. throw away — выбрасывать
35. waste — отходы
waste paper
nuclear waste
industrial waste
chemical waste
radioactive waste
A lot of waste from factories and plants goes in to the rivers.
The scientists try to solve the problem of radioactive waste.
36. to dump / to be dumped — сбрасывать в большом количестве / быть выброшенным
They dumped a lot of rubbish in the river.
All the countries protest against dumping acid wastes in the seas and oceans.
37. poison — яд (fertilizes — удобрения)
38. to poison / to be poisoned — отравлять / быть отравленным
III. Destruction of the Environment, Nature and the Wildlife
39. greenhouse effect — парниковый эффект
the problem of greenhouse effect
Greenhouse effect is the problem of a rise in temperature in the earth’s atmosphere.
40. source [so:s] — источник
41. resources [ri`so:siz] — ресурсы
42. to waste — тратить понапрасну
not to waste water, electricity
43. a shortage — нехватка
a shortage of water
a shortage of natural resources ( gas, oil, clean water)
a shortage of food
44. to run out of – заканчиваться
45. extinct — вымерший
extinct birds
What extinct animals do you know?
Dinosaurs are extinct animals.
46. to endanger / to be endangered — подвергать опасности / быть в опасности
47. endangered animals — исчезающие животные
Endanged animals are in danger.
Nowadays tigers have become endangered animals.
48. to die out — вымирать
Endangered animals can easily die out.
Why do some animals die out? People kill animals for the sake of their skins and destroy their habitats, cutting down forests and polluting water.
49. a species [`spi:ʃi:z] (мн.ч. species) — вид (виды)
plant species
insect species
a species of flowers, a species of animals, different species of trees
The Black Tulip is an unusual species of tulips.
50. a habitat — место обитания
51. to include / to be included — включать / быть включенным
52. disappearing = (rare) — исчезающие (редкие)
disappearing species
rare species
IV. Environmental Protection
53. filter /purifier — фильтры / очистители
54. bins — контейнеры
55. to fine — штрафовать
56. to recycle / to be recycled — перерабатывать / перерабатываться
57. recyclable — пригодный к переработке
58. recycling centers — центры переработки
59. to reuse – использовать вторично
60. to save — экономить
61. to reduce — уменьшить
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