Данная презентация о великих соборах Англии станет отличным наглядным пособием как на уроках страноведения, так и на обычном уроке английского языка.
Most of the cathedrals in medieval England in the early 1100s were part of large monasteries which had already been in place for hundreds of years (though often with gaps caused by Viking destruction in the last centuries of the first millennium).
There had been a big clean out by the new Norman Archbishop of Canterbury, of the old corrupt and incompetent order of Saxon church leaders in the wake of the 1066 Norman conquest and colonization of England (Bishop Wulfstan of , an early anti slavery campaigner, being almost the only surviving Anglo Saxon Bishop).
One outcome of this was that the centre of power for the Church in England shifted from York to Canterbury.
Most of the English cathedrals (whether monastic or secular - the ones built specifically as cathedrals by church and town authorities), and many of the abbeys and large churches, had a large shrine at their eastern end containing the remains of a saint. The most famous and visited shrines included those of Saint Cuthbert, 600s Abbot of Landisfarne, in and later Saint Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury (murdered in 1170), in . One of the finest buildings in the world. This huge cathedral which is third only to Canterbury and York in ecclesiastical significance but excelling them in architectural splendour. The original rib vaulted church which was completed in 1133 took 40 years to build. The cathedral owes its origin to the monks of Lindisfarne who in AD875 fled from Viking attacks, taking the coffin of St Cuthbert with them. They finally settled at the easily defended site where the Cathedral now stands and built the White Church where Cuthbert's remains were eventually laid to rest in AD980. The founder of the present cathedral was a norman named William de St Carileph who was Bishop of Durham between 1081 and 1096. He was determined to build a church to replace the small white church on the scale, splendor and style he had seen being built in France and in 1093 the foundations were laid for what would turn out to be a creation of the finest example of Norman architecture in the whole of Europe. Durham Cathedral houses many fine treasures and is also home to two of the greatest figures of the Christian church in England - St Cuthbert (AD635-687), the shepherd saint of Northumbria, and the Venerable Bede (AD673-735), Britain's first historian. magnificent cathedral has been a place of pilgrimage for hundreds of years. It was the scene of Thomas a' Becket's murder in 1170, the spot is marked by a plaque, later he was made a Saint, there is a magnificent shrine to him in the Cathedral.
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