Введение
Занимаясь изучением иностранного языка, учащиеся должны овладеть одним из основных видов речевой деятельности – письменной речью. Согласно стандартам нового поколения по иностранному языку существуют определенные требования, предъявляемые к этому виду деятельности: учащиеся должны уметь писать личное письмо по образцу, без опоры на образец (расспрашивать адресата о его жизни, делах, сообщать ту же информацию о себе, выражать благодарность, просьбу), используя материал учебных тем, усвоенных в устной речи, употребляя формулы речевого этикета, принятые в стране изучаемого языка; расспрашивать в личном письме о новостях и сообщать их; рассказывать об отдельных фактах, событиях своей жизни, выражая свои суждения и чувства; описывать свои планы на будущее; писать короткие поздравления. Объем письма – 100-140 слов.
Итак, как же правильно оформить и написать письмо на английском?
1. Необходимо знать правила оформления и структуру писем личного характера.
2. Необходимо знать критерии и схемы оценивания письма.
3. Необходимо иметь базовый словарный запас. Чтобы написать письмо не нужно знать английский в совершенстве, более того, письмо можно написать даже если у вас ограниченный словарный запас.
1. Правила оформления и структура письма личного характера
1. В правом верхнем углу письма пишется ваш адрес и дата.
номер дома / номер квартиры, название улицы
город, индекс
страна
дата
Например:
145/4 Sadovaya Street
Kashira 142900
Russia
1 February 2012
Существует сокращенный вариант написания адреса и даты, который также является правильным. В адрес можно включить только название города и страны, а дата может состоять из одних цифр:
Kashira
Russia
1.02.2012
2. Вступление-приветствие.
Эта часть обычно состоит из 3,4-х предложений. Сначала вы пишете обращение к человеку, которому вы должны адресовать письмо исходя из задания. Напримеp: Dear Mike,. Обратите внимание, что после обращения ставится запятая и следующее предложение (т. е. фактически первое предложение письма) пишется с красной строки. А что же написать в приветствии? В приветствии вы можете поблагодарить за письмо, написать, что вы очень рады получить от своего друга весточку, объяснить почему вы долго не писали и т.д. Примерно это должно выглядеть так:
Dear Mike,
Thanks for your letter, it was nice to hear from you. Sorry I didn't answer for a long time. I was very busy with my schoolwork.
3. Основная часть.
Обычно эта часть состоит из двух абзацев и называется Body of the letter. Первый - содержит ответы на вопросы друга. Во втором абзаце, наступает ваша очередь задавать вопросы собеседнику, об этом сказано в задании. Обычно оговаривается, сколько именно вопросов должно быть задано. Текст должен не только верно излагать информацию, но и представлять собой связное и логичное целое. И не забывайте об объеме, в этой части письма не писать более 7 предложений.
4. Заключительная часть. Прощание.
Здесь вы можете логически завершить свое письмо, пожелать удачи и попрощаться. Обычно говорится, что вам пора идти куда-то. Примерно это выглядит так: Oh, I have to go now. Mum wants me to do some shopping for her.
На следующей строке не забудьте попрощаться с вашим воображаемым другом. Заключительная фраза письма должна выглядеть примерно так:
Hope to hear from you soon,
Andrey
Обратите внимание, что после имени не ставится точка!
5. Контроль объема письма.
Допускается 10% отклонение от заданного объема. Например, заданный объем 100-140 слов. Если слов 90 - письмо проверяется, если менее 90 слов, то письмо оценивается в 0 баллов. Если в письме более 154 слов, то проверке подлежит только та часть письма, которая соответствует требуемому объему.
Во многих известных изданиях рекомендуется использовать различные технологии подсчета слов. Например, запомнить, сколько в среднем слов у вас приходиться на одну строку. Начав использовать какую-либо технику ( у учащихся может появится своя техника подсчета), можно быстро убедитесь в том, что контроль объема текста становится простой задачей.
Можно увеличить или сократить объем текста, если использовать краткие формы.
Например:
I do not like (4 слова)
I don’t like (3 слова)
I dislike (2 слова)
The United States of America (5 слов)
USA (1 слово)
Схема структуры письма личного характера:

Критерии и схемы оценивания письма
Начнем с того, что прежде чем выполнять написание письма, нужно внимательно прочитать задание к нему.
Задание примерно выглядит так:
Задание. You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Tom who writes:
...In Great Britain most young people want to become independent from their parents as soon as possible. Could you tell me what you and your friends think about not relying on your parents? Are you ready to leave your family immediately after you finish school? Is it easy to rent a house or an apartment for students in Russia?
As for the latest news, I have just returned from a trip to Scotland...
Write a letter to Tom.
In your letter
answer his questions
ask 3 questions about his trip to Scotland
Write 100 – 140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
а) читаем само задание (выделено жирным шрифтом), в нем оговорены важные вещи: 1. количество слов, которое мы должны соблюсти, 100-140 слов, как мы видим. 2. что мы должны сделать: прочитать отрывок из письма и написать ответное, в котором мы должны ответить на вопросы, заданные нам и задать 3 своих.
б) читаем содержание письма и стараемся максимально точно его понять, иначе как мы будем писать ответное?
в) учитывая требования к структуре и содержанию письма, пишем ответ
Образец выполненного задания :
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Tom who writes:
...In Great Britain most young people want to become independent from their parents as soon as possible. Could you tell me what you and your friends think about not relying on your parents? Are you ready to leave your family immediately after you finish school? Is it easy to rent a house or an apartment for students in Russia?
As for the latest news, I have just returned from a trip to Scotland...
Write a letter to Tom.
In your letter
answer his questions
ask 3 questions about his trip to Scotland
Write 100 – 140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing.
145/4 Sadovaya Street
Kashira 142900
Russia
1 February 2012
Dear Tom,
I'm sorry I couldn't reply straightaway. I was busy with my schoolwork.
I'm only 16 and I can't help relying on my parents now, but most of my friends and I dream to be independent. As soon as I leave school, I'll go to university. If I find a part-time job, I'm ready to leave my family and start living on my own. Of course, it's hard financially to rent a house or an apartment in Russia, especially if you are a student and don't have much money, but I'm prepared for this.
Well, I'm happy to hear you've finally fulfilled your dream – a trip to Scotland! How long were you there? What places did you visit? Did you try on a kilt?
Oh, I have to go now. Mum wants me to do some shopping for her.
Hope to hear from you soon,
Andrey
Ход урока на тему: «написание письма личного характера»
Цель урока:формирование и развитие умения написания письма личного
характера.
Задачи урока: - повторить правила оформления и структуру личного
письма;
- закрепить правила написания личного письма.
I. Организационный момент.
Teacher: Good morning students! I am glad to see you. Sit down please. What date is it today? Who is absent today? Ученики отвечают на вопросы учителя. 1-2 мин.
II. Постановка темы и задач урока.
Teacher: Students, look at the pictures on the screen and try to guess what we are going to talk aboutУченики высказывают предположения.
Teacher: Right you are! Today we will talk about personal letters. We will revise rules and structure of letter writing. And now answer my questions. Do you write letters to friends? Have you got a pen friend? What do you write about? Do you prefer writing letters or e-mails? Ученики отвечают на вопросы учителя. 5 мин.
III. Повторение правил и структуры письма личного характера.
Teacher: You have already learnt some steps in writing letters. I want to remind you some general rules: your letter must contain from 100 till 120 words; you should write your letter in an informal way, you should read the instruction attentively and follow the certain steps. Let’s try to reconstruct the structure of the personal letter.What should you write first in right upper corner?
Teacher: What do you write under an address?
Teacher: You write a date after an address. What must be written in the left side after the date?
Teacher: Yes, you greet your pen friend writing his or her name after the word Dear and then you put comma. What goes next?
Teacher: It’s correct. Then an introduction goes. In this part you thank your fiend for his or her letter and apologize for not writing earlier. What follows an introduction?
Teacher: An answer part follows an introduction. Here you answer your friend’s questions. What will be the next part?
Teacher: Yes, there is a conclusion after an answer part. In this part you may excuse for stop writing and ask your friend to write soon. What are the two last elements of a personal letter?
Teacher: Well done! Closing line with a comma and your signature (a name) are the two last elements of a personal letter. And now put down this scheme into your copy-books.
1. Your address | | 2. Date | | 3. Greeting | | 4. Introduction | 5. Answer part (2-3 paragraphs) | 8. Signature | | 7. Closing line | | 6. Conclusion. | |
Teacher: And now write down words and set expressions for each part of personal letter.
1. Address | Kashira Russia |
2. Date | 11October2015 October 11th, 2015 11/10/2015 |
3. Greeting your pen friend | Dear_______, |
4. Introduction: a)thank friend for the letter; b) mention something from the friend’s letter or apologize for not writing sooner | a)Hi! How are you? Thanks for your letter. It was great to receive a letter from you. Your last letter was a real surprise. It's always nice to get your letters! I was awfully glad to get your letter… b) It was great to hear…. I’m glad…. Great news about your…! Sorry I haven`t written so long, I was so busy… I’m sorry I haven’t answered earlier but I was really busy with my school. Sorry for not writing sooner….. Sorry I haven`t been in touch for so long. |
5. Answer part: answer all your pen friend’s questions from the letter. | You asked me to tell you… In your letter you asked me… In your letter you would like to know… I’ll do my best to answer your questions. well, by the way, anyway, so, by the way I’d be happy to…. As for me, … Guess what? Wish me luck! |
6. Conclusion: a) excuse to stop writing; b) request to the person to reply soon. | a) Well, I’d better go now as I have to do my homework. Anyway, I have to go now because my Mum asked me to help her with the washing up. I’ve got to go now! It’s time for my favourite TV show. Anyway, let me know…. Well, got to go now. I must finish my letter because it is very late and I must go to bed (because my Mum is calling me / because I have to do my homework). I’d better go now as … I have to go now as …. b)Write back soon! Looking forward for your next letter. Take care and keep in touch! Drop me a letter when you can. Hope to hear from yon soon. I can't wait to hear from you! |
7. Closing line | Love, Lots of love, All the best, Best wishes, With best wishes, Bye, Yours, |
8. Final line: your first name(without full stop) | |
IV. Закрепление. Выполнение упражнений.
Teacher: And now let’s do some exercises which will help you to write letters correctly.
Task 1 (Задание № 1)
Read the sentences and decide which are from introductions and which are from conclusions.
1. Please let me know as soon as possible.
2. I'm writing to invite you to our wedding on 6th May.
3. I'm sure it will be fun, and I hope you'll be able to come.
4. Looking forward to seeing you then.
5. We’re organizing a fancy-dress party and it would be great if you could come.
6. We'd love it if you could come to our house-warming party on 27th January.
Key:
Introduction
2. I'm writing to invite you to our wedding on 6th May.
5. We’re organizing a fancy-dress party and it would be great if you could come.
6. We'd love it if you could come to our house-warming party on 27th January.
Conclusion
1. Please let me know as soon as possible.
3. I'm sure it will be fun, and I hope you'll be able to come.
4. Looking forward to seeing you then.
Task 2 (Задание № 2)
Read the letter of a pen friend.
… I don’t think it’s fair to make children do household chores because we’re too busy at school. And what about you? Do you help your mum about the house? What kind of things do you have to do? Do you have enough time to do chores?
Hope to hear from you soon!
Love,
Jane
Fill in the blanks 1-5 in the letter, use phrases A-F. One phrase is extra. Заполните пропуски в письме 1 – 5, воспользуйтесь фразами А – F. Одна фраза лишняя.
A – I have enough time to do my homework and to chat with my friends.
B – I’d better go now.
C – Actually, I don’t do much, just go shopping and clean my room.
D – It’s also my duty.
E – It was great to hear from you!
Omsk
Russia
25 October 2012
Dear Jane,
Thanks for your letter. 1__________.
In your letter you asked me about my household duties. Of course I have to do some chores because my mum’s too busy at work. 2 _______________. It doesn’t take long so 3 ________________.
Well, 4 ________________ I’ve got to take my dog for a walk. 5___________.
Love,
Ann
Key: A – 3, B – 4, C – 2, D – 5, E – 1
Task 3 (Задание № 3)
Put the phrases of the letter in the correct order. Use the table for the answers.
A – Thanks for your letter. It was great to hear from you. I’m glad you have no problems at school now.
B – Dear Ivan,
C – Omsk
Russia
10.09.2012
D – In your letter you asked me about hobbies which are popular with Russian teens. Well, many teenagers are interested in playing computer games. As for me, my hobby is doing sport. However, I feel I don’t have enough time for it as I’ve got too much homework. If I had more free time I’d take up photography. It’s really exciting.
E – Alina
F – Love,
G – Please write back. I look forward to your reply.
Key: 1. C, 2. B, 3. A, 4. D, 5. G, 6. F, 7. E
Task 4 (Задание № 4)
Fill in the missed words and expressions.
lots of
usually
in the evenings
thanks
in your letter
I’m glad
as for me,
I’d better
can’t wait
as
Omsk
Russia
May 10th 2012
Dear Tom,
(1)… for your letter. (2)…you’re going to visit Russia. The weather in summer is hot so I don’t think you’ll need lots of warm clothes.
(3) … you asked me about life in a big city. (4) …, I enjoy living in Moscow as there are lots of parks and cafes, museums and galleries. (5) … I (6) … go for a walk with my friends and at the weekends we go to the theatre or visit a museum.
(7) … go now (8) … I’ve got to do my homework boring! (9) … to see you!
(10) … love,
Ann
Key: 1. d, 2. f, 3. e, 4. g, 5. c, 6. b, 7. h, 8. j, 9. i, 10. a
Task 5 (Задание № 5)
Read sentences 1-8 and decide which of them refer to formal style of writing (F) and which of them refer to the informal style (I). I am writing to complain about the course in business English for beginners.
I would like to ask for compensation.
It’s cool!
I hope you remember about the packet from Aunt Anna.
I would also be very grateful if you could inform me …
Dear Ms Smith,
I wonder if you could come to join me in the second half of August.
I haven’t heard from you for such a long time!
Key: 1 – F, 2 – F, 3 – I, 4 – I, 5 – F, 6 – F, 7 – I, 8 – I
V. Подведение итогов. Рефлексия. Домашнее задание
Teacher: Well, students. Thank you very much for the work at the lesson. The topic of our lesson today has been a personal letter. What have you recalled at the lesson? What has been new for you? What has been difficult? Your home task will be writing a personal letter. You can choose a letter among three variants. Don’t forget about the rules of letter writing, time limit and word amount. Your marks today are …The lesson is over. Goodbye! Have a nice day!
Домашнее задание
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend,
… My older brother spends too much time playing computer games. His passion for computers worries the whole family.
…Are you keen on computer games? What do you use your computer for? How long do your parents let you use a computer a day? Why? …
Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions. Write 100–120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing. You have 30 minutes to do this task.
Список литературы
Е.С. Музланова Английский язык Экспресс-репетитор для подготовки к ЕГЭ, АСТ- Астрель, Москва
Е.Н. Соловова, И.Е. Солокова State Exam Maximiser, Pearson Education Ltd, 2007
Федеральный институт педагогических измерений, 2010 Английский язык, АСТ-Астрель, Москва, 2010.