"Модальные глаголы"

Modal verbs

Модальные глаголы

Список существующих модальных глаголов

1. Can (could, be able to )- могу, умею( мог, смог, был в состоянии)

2. May ( might) -могу

3. must- должен

4 . need –нужно, надо (может употребляться как смысловой глагол)

5. should\Ought to –должен , следует(рекомендация, совет)

6. Have to- должен в силу обстоятельств

7. To be to -должен по договоренности, по плану, но не совершилось действие

Модальный глагол CAN и его эквивалент BE ABLE TO

Глагол

Значение

Can

Настоящее время

Реальная возможность совершения действия, умение

Прошедшее время

I can\can’t swim.

Неформальное разрешение

Запрещение

Будущее время

I could\couldn’t come yesterday.

Can\Could I use your pencil.

Вежливая просьба

You can’t go out!

My parents said that I could watch TV.

I will\won’t be able to do it tomorrow.

Be able to

Can\Could I go out tomorrow?

-

Could you tell me the way to Trafalgar Square, please?

Возможность совершения действия в определённой ситуации (часто преодолевая трудности)

-

I am able to do it right now.

We were able to buy the tickets for yesterday’s show.

I will\won’t be able to do it tomorrow.

Can, could, be able to

• My dad … run really fast when he was young.
• I … speak Russian well.
• I … to do my homework last night. I was too tired.
• … you lift this box?

Модальные глаголы must, may

Глагол

Значение

may

Настоящее врем я

Формальное разрешение

must

Прошедшее время

May I come in?

Предположение с невысокой степенью уверенности

Будущее время

He asked if he might come in.

He may\might be having dinner now.

Приказ, совет, осознанная необходимость

Запрет

You must consult a doctor.

-

He may\might not have come yet .

You mustn’t

I had to go to schoo l yesterday

He may\might come later.

-

smoke.

I will have to learn this rule.

Предположение с высокой степенью уверенности

-

You must be right.

You must have misunderstood me .

They must be leaving tomorrow.

Have to- должен в силу обстоятельств To be to -должен по договоренности, по плану, но не совершилось действие

Глагол

Значение

Have to

Вынужденная необходимость

Настоящее врем я

To be to

Отсутствие необходимости

He has to wear a uniform.

Прошедшее время

Будущее время

He doesn’t have to wear a uniform.

He had to wear a uniform.

Необходимость по графику, по плану

He will have to wear a uniform.

He didn’t have to wea r a uniform.

The train is to arrive in five minutes.

He was to do it yesterday.

He won’t have to wear a uniform.

They were to do it.

The train is to arrive tomorrow.

Модальные глаголы should / ought to/ need

should / ought to

Настоятельный совет, рекомендация (следует)

need

You should / ought to listen carefully.

Упрёк (следовало бы, но не сделал)

-

-

Необходимость, отсутствие необходимости

Need he come here?

You should have read this text.

You should / ought to visit the doctor.

-

You needn’t do this exercise

You needn’t have done this exercise

You needn’t come here tomorrow.

• Глаголы Must, Have to используются когда речь идет о необходимости совершения действия в силу определенных обстоятельств ,

I must go there now (tomorrow).

I have to go there now.

2. в вопросительных предложениях используются must, have to, need

Must you go there?

Need you go there?

• To be to используется по предварительной договоренности или плана

We are to meet at 7 o’clock.

• Глаголы should, ought to моральный долг, совет

He should help them.

Test 1. Choose the correct modal verb.  

• 1. I advise you to stop eating chocolate. You _________ stop eating chocolate.
•  
• 2. I insist that you do your homework. You _________ do your homework.
•  
• 3. Will you let me speak to David, please? _________ I speak to David, please?
•  
• 4. She can hear you well enough. You _________ shout.
•  
• 5. Talking is not permitted during the test. You _________ talk during the test.
•  
• 6. It isn’t right to speak to your mother like that. You _________ speak to your mother like that.
•  
• 7. It isn’t possible for him to come to the party. He _________ come to the party.

• 1. I advise you to stop eating chocolate. You ____should_____ stop eating chocolate.
•  
• 2. I insist that you do your homework. You __ must_ ______ do your homework.
•  
• 3. Will you let me speak to David, please? ____ could_ ____ I speak to David, please?
•  
• 4. She can hear you well enough. You ___ needn’t_ _____ shout.
•  
• 5. Talking is not permitted during the test. You ____ mustn’t _____ talk during the test.
•  
• 6. It isn’t right to speak to your mother like that. You ___ mustn’t_ _____ speak to your mother like that.
•  
• 7. It isn’t possible for him to come to the party. He ___ can’t ______ come to the party