Модальные глаголы.

MODAL VERBS

Performed by the pupils of class 8B:Gataullin.A.R and Volkov.A.A

Teacher : Sadykova.L.R

• Ability

• Logical conclusion

• Necessity

• Obligation

• Permission

• Possibility

• Prohibition

• Requests

• Advice

Can/ Be able to / Can’t

• CAN

• Different uses: Abilities or capacities (to know or to be able to). Mary can swim very fast. Request, ask or give permission Can you call me tonight. Possibility I can meet you later. It can also be used for suggestions. You can eat ravioli if you like pasta.
• Different uses: Abilities or capacities (to know or to be able to). Mary can swim very fast. Request, ask or give permission Can you call me tonight. Possibility I can meet you later. It can also be used for suggestions. You can eat ravioli if you like pasta.
• Abilities or capacities (to know or to be able to). Mary can swim very fast.
• Mary can swim very fast.
• Request, ask or give permission Can you call me tonight.
• Can you call me tonight.
• Possibility I can meet you later.
• I can meet you later.
• It can also be used for suggestions. You can eat ravioli if you like pasta.
• You can eat ravioli if you like pasta.

• Be able to

• It expresses abilities like can and it is used in all the verbal tenses where can is not used. I was able to finish my homework on time
• It expresses abilities like can and it is used in all the verbal tenses where can is not used. I was able to finish my homework on time
• I was able to finish my homework on time

• Can’t

• Different uses: Impossibility in the present Mary can’t swim very fast Lack of ability (not to know) or capacity (not to be able to): I can’t eat a whole cake by myself Prohibition You can’t drive without a licence Disbelief That can’t be the price – it’s much too cheap.
• Different uses: Impossibility in the present Mary can’t swim very fast Lack of ability (not to know) or capacity (not to be able to): I can’t eat a whole cake by myself Prohibition You can’t drive without a licence Disbelief That can’t be the price – it’s much too cheap.
• Impossibility in the present Mary can’t swim very fast
• Mary can’t swim very fast
• Lack of ability (not to know) or capacity (not to be able to): I can’t eat a whole cake by myself
• Prohibition You can’t drive without a licence
• You can’t drive without a licence
• Disbelief That can’t be the price – it’s much too cheap.
• That can’t be the price – it’s much too cheap.

Could

• It is the past of can and it is used to express:

• Ability or capacity in the past She could run fast when she was a child Polite request Could you help me with these suitcases? Polite suggestion You could exercise and eat healthier food Possibility –less probable than with can- Mark could join us the cinema.
• Ability or capacity in the past She could run fast when she was a child
• She could run fast when she was a child
• Polite request Could you help me with these suitcases?
• Could you help me with these suitcases?
• Polite suggestion You could exercise and eat healthier food
• You could exercise and eat healthier food
• Possibility –less probable than with can- Mark could join us the cinema.
• Mark could join us the cinema.

May/ might

• Both of them express possibility, but might is more remote.

• It may/ might rain tomorrow
• It may/ might rain tomorrow

• In questions, may is the polite way of asking for things.

• May I have a coffee, please?
• May I have a coffee, please?

Would

• In questions, it is a formal way of asking for things.

• Would you open the window, please?
• Would you open the window, please?

• With the verb “like” is used to make offers and invitations.

• Would you like something to drink?
• Would you like something to drink?

Must / Have to

• Both express obligation, but must is only used in the present and have to in the other tenses. Authority people use must , while have to is used by everybody.

• You must bring your books to class I have to buy the tickets today.
• You must bring your books to class
• I have to buy the tickets today.

• Must is also used to express a logical deduction about present fact.

• She’s got a great job. She must be very happy.
• She’s got a great job. She must be very happy.

Need to / Needn’t

• Need to is not a modal, but it is used in affirmative sentences, like have to , to express obligation and necessity.

• I need to cook dinner tonight.
• I need to cook dinner tonight.

• Needn’t, on the contrary, is a modal and indicates lack of oblication and necessity, like don’t have to

• You needn’t bring anything to the party.
• You needn’t bring anything to the party.

Musn’t / Don’t have to

• Musn’t shows prohibition.

• You musn’t exceed the speed limit
• You musn’t exceed the speed limit

• Don’t have to means not have to , i.e., lack of obligation and necessity, like needn’t

• I don’t have to get up early tomorrow
• I don’t have to get up early tomorrow

Should /Ought to

• Both of them express advise or opinion, but should is used more frequently, since ought to is quite strange in negative and interrogative.

• You should/ought to improve your pronunciation
• You should/ought to improve your pronunciation

Shall

• It is used in the interrogative to offer oneself to do something and to make a suggestion.

• Shall I help you with your luggage?
• Shall I help you with your luggage?

Can, could

• I can remember all my

friends’ telephone numbers.

• He could swim by the time

he was 3.

Can’t be, must be

• Ann isn’t answering

the phone. She must be out.

• This can’t be the South

Pole.There aren’t any

penguins.

Must/can’t have V 3

• You must have been tired

after all that hard work last

week.

• You can’t have been tired

last Sunday – you slept for

hours.

have to, don’t have to

• I have to cycle to school.

It’s too far to walk.

• I don’t have to go to school

today – it’s a national

holiday.

Must, mustn’t

• You must do this

homework carefully.

• You mustn’t steal other

people’s things. It’s wrong.

Had to

• We had to stay behind after

the lesson and do some

extra work.

Can, could, may

• You can borrow my bike,

but you can’t have the car.

• Could my friends come to stay

next weekend?

• May I speak loud here?

May, might

• Ann is not in class.

She might be in the library.

• Sam may come to the

cinema with us – I’m not

sure if he’s free.

Mustn’t

• Students mustn’t use

a dictionary in the exam.

Can,could, would

• Can you tell me the time,

please?

• Could you pass me the salt?

• Would you mind pouring

me some water?

should

• You should write to

your family.

MODAL PERFECTS

• Must have + participle

• It expresses a logical conclusion about a past fact. Rob has arrived late. He must have been in a traffic jam.
• It expresses a logical conclusion about a past fact. Rob has arrived late. He must have been in a traffic jam.
• Rob has arrived late. He must have been in a traffic jam.

• May/might have + participle

• We use it to make a supposition about something in the past. She may/might have taken the wrong bus.
• We use it to make a supposition about something in the past. She may/might have taken the wrong bus.
• She may/might have taken the wrong bus.

• Could have + participle

• Ability to do something in the past which in the end was not done You could have asked the doctor before taking the medicine.
• Ability to do something in the past which in the end was not done You could have asked the doctor before taking the medicine.
• You could have asked the doctor before taking the medicine.

• Couldn’t have + participle

• Certainty that something did not happen He couldn’t have gone to the concert because he was doing the test.
• Certainty that something did not happen He couldn’t have gone to the concert because he was doing the test.
• He couldn’t have gone to the concert because he was doing the test.

• Would have + participle

• Desire to do something in the past which in fact could not be done. I would have gone to the party, but I was too busy.
• Desire to do something in the past which in fact could not be done. I would have gone to the party, but I was too busy.
• I would have gone to the party, but I was too busy.

• Should/ought to + participle

• Criticism or regret after an event You should/ought to have warned me earlier
• Criticism or regret after an event You should/ought to have warned me earlier
• You should/ought to have warned me earlier

• Shouldn’t have + participle

• Criticism or regret after an event, showing that it shouldn’t have happened He shouldn’t have forgotten about her birthday
• Criticism or regret after an event, showing that it shouldn’t have happened He shouldn’t have forgotten about her birthday
• He shouldn’t have forgotten about her birthday

• Needn’t have + participle

• An unnecessary past action You needn’t have brought anything to my party.
• An unnecessary past action You needn’t have brought anything to my party.
• You needn’t have brought anything to my party.

Should /Had better

• Should/had better

• Had better is used in a more colloquial way of expressing what someone has to do, to give advise or opinions. You’d better go to the doctor. It also it is used to express a warning You’d better tidy your room now
• Had better is used in a more colloquial way of expressing what someone has to do, to give advise or opinions. You’d better go to the doctor.
• You’d better go to the doctor.
• It also it is used to express a warning You’d better tidy your room now
• You’d better tidy your room now