НАУЧНО-ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКАЯ РАБОТА: «Экологические проблемы в Крыму»

ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ РЕСПУБЛИКИ КРЫМ «КРЫМСКИЙ КОЛЛЕДЖ ОБЩЕСТВЕННОГО ПИТАНИЯ И ТОРГОВЛИ»

НАУЧНО-ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКАЯ РАБОТА

Тема: «Экологические проблемы в Крыму»

Работу выполнил: обучающийся группы ЭБоб-2 А. Черногузова

Научный руководитель: Т.А. Федосеева

Симферополь 2019

Содержание:

1.Введение

2. Проблема мусора и отходов

3. Проблемы морей

4. Загрязнение

5.Проблемы водоснабжения

6.Загрязнение подземных вод

7.Заключение

Introduction

For the Crimea, the main environmental problem is a further decrease in the efficiency of environmental management and increased anthropogenic pressure on the environment, occurring against the background of the disparity between the natural resource potential in the region and the type of its functional use. Reducing the effectiveness of environmental management is expressed in the following:
    1. In maintaining the long-term trends of environmental pollution and deterioration of public health;
    2. In the continuing irrational use of natural resources in violation of regulatory indicators of use and reproduction;
    3. In a further decrease in the manageability of the regional environmental management system. Taking into account the above, the environmental situation in Crimea can be assessed as tense, characterized by the main cause of the destruction of landscape systems is the anthropogenic factor - a scientifically unfounded, largely predatory impact of human society on the environment and its resources. The analysis of environmental activities in the Crimean region and the results of the research conducted give grounds for concluding that in the face of increasing global and regional anthropogenic pressure on the biosphere of the region, the pollution of the natural environment of the resorts is of particular concern.

Environmental pollution is one of the most serious problems facing humanity today. Air, water and soil – all harmed by pollution – are necessary to the survival of all living things. Badly polluted air can cause illness, and even death. Polluted water kills fish and other marine life. Pollution of soil reduces the amount of land that is available for growing food. Soil pollution damages the thin layer of fertile soil that covers much of the earth’s land is essential for growing food. Natural processes took thousands of years to form the soil that supports crops. But, through poor treatment, people can destroy soil in a few years.

The problem of garbage and waste

As in different parts of the world, in the Crimea there is a huge problem of municipal solid waste and garbage, as well as industrial waste and dirty sewage. Everything is littering here: both residents of cities and tourists. Virtually no one cares about the purity of nature.

But the garbage falling into the water bears the death of animals. Abandoned plastic, polyethylene, glass, diapers and other waste that has been recycled in nature for hundreds of years. Thus, the resort will soon turn into a big dump.

Problems of the seas

Crimea is washed by the Azov and Black Seas. These areas also have a number of environmental problems:
• water pollution with oil products;
• reduction of species diversity;
• dumping domestic and industrial waste and garbage;

Pollution

Various heat sources contribute most to the unfavorable ecology of the Crimea. The most environmentally polluted cities in Crimea are Sevastopol, Simferopol, and Kerch.
In the above-mentioned major cities are located: Simferopol CHP, Sevastopol CHP, Kerch CHP, Sakskaya CHP. All these heat sources contribute to the pollution of the atmosphere of the peninsula with nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide.In the above-mentioned major cities are located: Simferopol CHP, Sevastopol CHP, Kerch CHP, Sakskaya CHP. All these heat sources contribute to the pollution of the atmosphere of the peninsula with nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide. Also a large role in the deterioration of the ecology of the Crimean Peninsula belongs to road transport, which accounts for up to 80% of emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere. In the Crimea, there are more than six thousand kilometers of roads. Heavy metals get into the soil from the exhaust pipes of cars. At the same time, the forest belts planted along the roads are cut down, and in fact they not only decorated the roads, but also played protective functions. Contamination by motor vehicles increases in the summer many times due to the arrival of holidaymakers, while formaldehyde emitting into the air for a long time remains in the surface layer. At the same time, the forest belts planted along the roads are cut down, and in fact they not only decorated the roads, but also played protective functions. Contamination by motor vehicles increases in the summer many times due to the arrival of holidaymakers, while formaldehyde emitting into the air for a long time remains in the surface layer.

and microbial pollution of resort and recreational resources in the absence of a reliable system of m Monitoring such pollution is a significant recreational and ecological overload of traditional resorts against the background of significant problems in the development of new promising resort areas accumulation of a large amount of toxic industrial, agricultural and household waste in settlements and recreational areas chemical and microbial pollution of resort and recreational resources.

Water pollution

Water pollution occurs mostly, when people overload the water environment such as streams, lakes, underground water, bays or seas with wastes or substances harmful to living beings.

Water is necessary for life. All organisms contain it, some drink it and some live in it. Plants and animals require water that is moderately pure, and they cannot survive, if water contains toxic chemicals or harmful microorganisms. Water pollution kills large quantity of fish, birds, and other animals, in some cases killing everything in an affected area.

Groundwater pollution

In many regions of the Crimea, there is a significant pollution of groundwater with nitrogenous compounds, including nitrates, which is associated with the large use of fertilizers in agriculture, as well as with organic pollution of the soil. Actual for the Crimea are the problems of wastewater.

Along with the lack of centralized sewage systems in many areas, which create an epidemiological risk for the population and lead to a large pollution of water bodies and soils, considerable difficulties are caused by the inefficient operation of existing sewage treatment plants.

Сonclusion

Thus, for the Crimea, only such a sustainable development strategy is applicable, which allows preserving nature, restoring disturbed habitats and using the most valuable renewable resources.
An important factor in regulating the limits of the use of resources of the Crimea is the establishment of environmental restrictions with the recognition of the impossibility of expanding the natural resource potential of the peninsula. The key to successful implementation of the concept of sustainable development of Crimea is the awareness of the population of the severity of environmental problems, which is achieved through environmental education and training, general awareness, and promotion of a healthy lifestyle.
In general, the environmental strategy of Crimea can be formulated as follows: improving the quality of the environment to the norm, increasing the efficiency of environmental management while eliminating the contradictions between the available natural resource potential and the type of its use against the background of sustainable economic development of the region.
Thus, the urgent need for today is the formation of a regional ecological and economic concept for the development of Crimea, which, enshrined in legislation, could stop the ecological crisis at a dangerous point and give impetus to the implementation of the program goals of sustainable development.

In conclusion we would like to mention that drastic and radical measures should be taken for stabilizing the environmental situation, in other case we will simply lose this unique region.

List of references

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3. Мирошник Г.П. Крым. Фотоальбом, 1984. – 192 с.

4. Мюллер В.: Англо-русский. Русско-английский словарь. 250 000 слов. – АСТ, 2015

5. Petrova Y. Comparative-historical and cultural analysis of eastern Black sea

region people`s interection// Научный альманах стран Причерноморья, 2017. № 3 (11).