Полититеское устройство Великобритании

Политическая структура Великобритании

The United Kingdom is a a constitutional monarchy

Executive power :

• the Sovereign, Queen Elizabeth II ,
• Government and Ministers
• Prime Minister and the Cabinet

L egislative power : Parliament

Judiciary power :

• The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
• Courts of the United Kingdom

Executive power : the Sovereign - king or queen - also known as "the crown."

Role of the Sovereign

• is head of state
• commander-in-chief of the British Armed Forces
• Head of Commonwealth
• the Supreme Governor of the established Church of England
• appoints the Prime Minister
• opens the sessions of parliament (the ceremony called the State Opening of Parliament used to take place in the a utumn; but since 2012, it has been brought forward to May. )
• reads out the government's intended programme. The " Queen 's Speech " is written by the Prime Minister's office
• sign s new laws passed by Parliament. A bill does not become law , or an Act of Parliament , until it has " received royal assent  "

Queen Elizabeth II since 6 February 1952

Prime Minister

Responsibilities

• head of the UK government
• responsible for the policy and decisions of the government
• appoints members of the government

Theresa May Prime Minister

13 July 2016 - 2 3 July 2019

10 Downing Street the residence of First Lord of the Treasury - PM

Boris Johnson

since 24 July 2019

L eader of the Conservative party

L egislative power : Parliament

Parliament examines what the Government is doing, makes new laws, holds the power to set taxes and debates the issues of the day.

the Palace of Westminster

• Simon de Montfort - an Anglo-Norman baron convened

the first elected parliament of England 1265

• the " Mother of Parliaments “ , the most ancient parliament in today's world.
• Parliament consist s of two chambers, the House of Lords (the "upper" house) and

the House of Commons (the "lower" house)

The House of Lords

7 76 Lords

the House of Lords cannot block bills proposed by the Government in the House of Commons, and can only delay some bills .

• 6 59 Life Peers (i.e. not hereditary lords ) former senior officials, judges, business leaders
• 9 1 hereditary Lords from the "nobility"
• 2 6 Bishops of the Anglican Church

The role of the House of Lords is

• to discuss non controversial subjects
• examine in detail projects for which the House of Commons does not have time.

Lord Chancellor

Lord Speaker ( since 2006 )

Lord Fowler is the current Lord Speaker (since 2016)

David Lidington

The Lord Chancellor is a Cabinet minister and currently a Member of the House of Commons

Lord Speaker's duties

• presid es over business in the Lords chamber from the Woolsack
• guides and assists the House during debate
• has no power to call members to order, to decide who speaks next

The House of Commons is the main House of the British Parliament

650 members ( Members of Parliament or MPs ) elected by universal suffrage .

The life of a Parliament is five years.

Each MP represents a territory, or constituency

T he British Prime Minister and most ministers - are members of the House of Commons.

The chairman of the House of Commons is known as the " Speaker ", and he or she presides over each parliamentary session . During debates the Speaker keeps order and calls MPs to speak. .

John Bercow