Практическая работа Двигатель. СПО

Инструкционная карта № 9

на выполнение практического занятия по дисциплине
ОГСЭ.03 Иностранный язык
для обучающихся специальности

35.02.07 Механизация сельского хозяйства

Тема: Двигатель. Принцип работы двигателя. (Engine)

Цель: Ознакомиться с лексикой: двигатель.

• Образовательная: совершенствовать навыки чтения ,письма ,умений работать со словарем, навыков перевода узкой направленности ,формировать коммуникативную иноязычную компетенцию ,необходимую для успешной социализации и самореализации как инструмента межкультурного общения в современном поликультурном мире, формировать умения использовать английский язык как средство для получения информации из англоязычных источников в образовательных и самообразовательных целях.

• Воспитательная :формировать ценностное отношение к языку как культурному феномену и средству отображения развития общества ,его истории и духовной культуры, формировать готовность и способность вести диалог на английском языке с представителями других культур ,достигать взаимопонимания, находить общие цели и сотрудничать в различных областях для их достижения .

• Развивающая : совершенствовать умения выбирать успешные коммуникативные стратегии в различных ситуациях общения ,навыков проектной деятельности, моделирующей реальные ситуации межкультурной коммуникации.

Компетенции,умения и навыки,которыми должны овладеть обучающиеся:ОК3, ОК4.

Обучающийся должен уметь:

• пользоваться словарями;

• самостоятельно совершенствовать устную и письменную речь;

• пополнять словарный запас,

• общаться устно и письменно на иностранном языке;

• переводить со словарем иностранные тексты.

Норма времени: 2 ак.час.

Оснащение рабочего места: англо-русский и русско- английские словари ,раздаточный материал(карточки с раздаточным материалом ,комплект инструкционно -технологических карт ,посадочные места по количеству обучающихся ;рабочее место преподавателя

Литература:

1. Jenny D. Grammarway 4 - Student's book / D. Jenny, E. Virginia – Newbury: Express Publishing, 2021. – 278 p

2. Афанасьева, О.В. Иностранный язык. 10 класс: учебник для общеобразовательных организаций с прил. на электр. носителе: базовый уровень/ Д. Дули, И.В. Михеева, Б. Оби.- Москва: Express Publishing: Просвещение, 2019. – 248 с.

3. Белоусова, А.Р. Английский язык для сельскохозяйственных вузов / А.Р. Белоусова, О.П. Мельчина – Спб.: Лань, 2020. – 352 с.

4. Голицынский, Ю.Б. Грамматика: Сборник упражнений. – 7-е изд., испр. к доп.–/ Ю.Б. Голицынский. – Спб.: Каро, 2019.–576 с.

Вопросы для актуализации опорных знаний:

1. What is a heart of car?

2. What types of engine do you know?

3. What is an intake stroke?

4.What is a pressure stroke?

5.What is a power stroke?

Теоретические сведения

Ход работы.

Exercise №1. Write down all unknown words.

Vocabulary

intake - такт впуска

power — рабочий такт

compression — такт сжатия

as a result - в результате

assume — предполагать

bottom dead center — нижняя мертвая точка

burn – гореть

by means of — посредством

charge of fuel - заряд топлива

combustion [kəm'bʌsʧ(ə)n]— сгорание

combustion chamber — камера сгорания

compression stroke — такт сжатия(смеси)

connecting rod — шатун

convert — преобразовывать

crankshaft — коленчатый вал

cylinder — цилиндр

descend - спускаться, опускаться (опоршне)

describe — описывать

diesel engine — дизельный двигатель

directly - непосредственно

don't get upset — не расстраивайтесь

engine — двигатель

exhaust stroke — такт выпуска

follow sb's advice - последовать чье-му-л. совету

four-stroke cycle — четырехтактный цикл

fuel injection — впрыск топлива

have a look — взглянуть

heat — тепло

I guess — я полагаю

ignite — воспламенять

ignition — воспламенение

in order — в порядке (в исправном состоянии)

intake (inlet) stroke — такт впуска

internal combustion

engine—двигатель внутреннего сгорания

mixture — смесь

operating cycle — рабочий цикл

petrol engine — бензиновый двигатель

piston ['pɪst(ə)n] - поршень

power stroke - рабочий ход

pressure — давление

reach — достигать

recharge — подзарядить (аккумулятор)

reciprocating movement -

residual gas - остаточный газ

rise – подниматься

rotary ['rəut(ə)rɪ] movement — вращательноедвижение

run down - сесть (об аккумуляторах)

run out of fuel — закончилось топливо

spark plug — свеча зажигания

stroke — ход (поршня)

top dead center - верхняя мертвая точка

trace the fault - искать (проследить)неисправность

valve [vælv] — клапан

combustion engine -двигатель внутреннего сгорания

insure [ɪn'ʃuə] страховать, гарантировать

reciprocate [rɪ'sɪprəkeɪt] обмениваться, отвечать взаимностью

Exercise №2. Translate into Russian.

Principle, cycle, piston, center, cylinder, atmosphere.

Exercise №3. Translate into Russian, using words from Exercise №2.

1. During the inlet (intake) stroke the inlet valve opens and a charge of fuel (mixture) flows into the cylinder.

2. During the compression stroke the inlet valve is closed and the fuel is compressed by the rising piston.

3. During the power stroke both valves are closed, pressure rises in the combustion chamber, and the spark ignites the mixture.

4. During the exhaust stroke the exhaust valve is opened, pressure is released and the residual gases flow into the atmosphere through the exhaust valve.

Exercise №4. Read the text carefully and write down all unknown words.

Principle of Operation of the Four-Stroke Petrol Engine

The internal combustion engine is called so because fuel is burned directly inside the engine itself. Most automobile engines work on a 4-stroke cycle. A cycle is one complete sequence of 4 strokes of the piston in the cylinder. The operating cycle of the four-stroke petrol engine includes: inlet stroke (intake valve is opened), compression stroke (both valves are closed), power stroke(рабочий ход) (both valves are closed), exhaust stroke (exhaust valve is opened).

To describe the complete cycle, let's assume that the piston is at the top of the stroke (top dead center) and the inlet and the exhaust valves are closed. When the piston moves down the inlet valve opens to intake a charge of fuel into the cylinder. This is called the inlet (intake) stroke. On reaching the lowest position (bottom dead center) the piston begins to move upward into the closed upper part on the cylinder, (he inlet valve is closed and the mixture is compressed by the rising piston. This is called the compression stroke. As the piston again reaches the top dead center the spark plugs ignite the mixture, both valves being closed during its combustion. As a result of burning mixtures the both valves being closed during its combustion. As a result of burning mixtures the gases expand and great pressure makes the piston move back down the cylinder. This stroke is called the power stroke. When the piston reaches the bottom of its stroke, the exhaust valve is opened, pressure is released, and the piston again rises. It lets the burnt gas flow through the exhaust valve into the atmosphere. This is called the exhaust stroke which completes the cycle. So the piston moves in the cylinder down (intake stroke), up (compression stroke), down (power stroke), up (exhaust stroke).

The heat released by the fuel is transformed into work so that the reciprocating movement of the pistons is converted into rotary movement of a crankshaft by means of connecting rods.

1 - intake 2 - compression 3 - power 4 - exhaust

Рис. 1. Principle of Operation of the Four-Stroke Petrol Engine

Exercise №5. Complete the following sentences.

1.The internal combustion engine is called so because fuel is burned…

1. a)outside the engine;

2. b)inside the engine.

2.On the inlet stroke

1. a)the intake valve opens;

2. b)the intake valve is closed;

1. c)the intake and the exhaust valves are closed.

1. On the compression stroke

1. a). the intake valve opens;

2. b).the intake valve is closed;

c).the intake and the exhaust valves are closed.

1. On the power stroke

a).the intake valve opens;

b)the intake valve is closed;

c)the intake and the exhaust valves are closed.

1. On the exhaust stroke

1. a).the exhaust valve opens;

1. b).the intake valve is closed;

1. c).the intake and the exhaust valves are closed.

Exercise №6. Find sentences from the text about intake stroke, exhaust stroke, power stroke, compression stroke. And translate them into Russian.

Exercise №7. Chose right answer for the following questions.

Questions:

1. 1. Why is the engine called the internal combustion engine?

2. 2. What stroke is called the inlet one?

3. 3. What is a compression stroke?

4. 4. What takes place in the cylinder on power stroke?

5. What takes place on the exhaust stroke?

6. By means of what is the reciprocating movement of the pistons converted into rotary movement of a crankshaft?

Answers:

1

It is called so because the fuel (the mixture) is burned…

a)directly inside the engine;

b)outside the engine.

2. The inlet stroke is called so because during moving down the piston…

a) the inlet valve opens to intake a charge of fuel into the cylinder;

b)the inlet valve is closed and the mixture is compressed.

3.The compression stroke is a stroke

a) when the inlet valve opens to intake a charge of fuel into the cylinder;

b) when the inlet valve is closed and the mixture is compressed.

4. On power stroke

a)the spark plugs ignite the mixture, both valves are closed dur­ing its combustion;

b)the exhaust valve is opened and the residual gas flows through the exhaust valve into the atmosphere.

5.On the exhaust stroke

a)the spark plugs ignite the mixture, both valves are closed dur­ing its combustion;

b)the exhaust valve is opened and the residual gas flows through the exhaust valve into the atmosphere.

6. It is done

a)by means of pistons;

b)by means of the connecting rods.

Exercise №8 Read and translate into English.

1. -Не знаю, что случилось с моей машиной.

-Let me trace the fault.

-Пожалуйста. Ты опытный водитель?

-Yes, I am. I have been driving а саг for fifteen years now. May be you have run out of fuel?

-Бак почти полный.

-When did you have your plugs checked?

-Вчера. Карбюратор тоже в порядке.

-В таком случае давай поедем до ближайшей ремонтной станции.

-Good idea. They will have the car fixed.

2.- Когда тебе починили машину?

-Last month. The engine is in good condition now. It was well

greased.

-Хорошо. Мне тоже надо чинить машину. Ослабли тормоза (The brakes are slack.) Аккумулятор разрядился (The battery has run down.)

-It can be easily done.

-Я рад это слышать.

3.- Какую машину ты хочешь купить?

-I want a second-hand car. Could you help me?

-С большим удовольствием.

-I hear there are good cars on sale 42nd Street.

-Я знаю этот магазин. Давай поедем туда.

-Good idea. If I choose a car there, I won't have to bother any more.

-Совершенно верно.

Exercise №9 Read and translate into English.

DIALOGUE A

At the Repairing Shop

Client: Good afternoon! Can you help me? There is something wrong with the engine.

Master: Hi! What is wrong with it?

С.: I don't know. It wouldn't start. Maybe the pistons and valves are in disorder.

M.: Let's have a look! Well, they are quite right.

C.: And what about the crankshaft, or electric spark plugs. I know absolutely nothing about the operating cycle of the engine.

Just a moment. Don't worry! We shall check up all units and how they work together.

Sometime later

M.: My God! There is no petrol in the tank. How can you move drive?

C.: Really? Oh, I have forgotten to fill in the tank! I beg your pardon to trouble you!

M.: No trouble, at all. You are welcome!

DIALOGUE B

Tracing a Fault

Nick: Peter, I know you are a good driver. I would like you to have a

look at my car.

Peter: What's wrong with your car?

N.: I don't know.

P.: Let me have a look. When did you have your plugs checked?

N.: Three days ago. I thought I had run out of fuel but the tank is half full.

P.: The carburettor is in order but the engine is misfiring. I guess

the battery has run down. It needs recharging.

N.: Too bad.

P.: Don't get upset about it. It won't take you long to have your

battery recharged.

N.: Do you really think so?

P.: I am sure of it. I advise you to have the engine greased.

N.: I'll follow your advice. Thank you, Peter.

P.: Don't mention it, Nick. I'm very sorry I couldn't help you.

N.: Well, you helped me to find the fault. Thanks a lot. Good-bye.

P.: See you later.

Контрольные вопросы:

1. 1. Why is the engine called the internal combustion engine?

2. 2. What stroke is called the inlet one?

3. 3. What is a compression stroke?

4. 4. What takes place in the cylinder on power stroke?

5. What takes place on the exhaust stroke?

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