Практический модуль по написанию эссе на английском языке на тему 'Туризм приносит больше вреда, чем пользы'

Effective essay. Writing course.

Teacher V. Sinitsyna

MODULE 4

DID YOU KNOW? The stones at Machu Picchu were cut to fit together so precisely that

not even a needle can fit between them.

Homework: Read the article and find out more about advantages and disadvantages of tourism today «Are tourists causing more harm than good» The week junior (25 May 2019) and take a position on the issue. (see Supplement 1)

Topic: Tourism causes more harm than good.

Question: Do you agree or disagree? Task: Give a personal response to the topic.

Discussion: discuss the topic, complete the T-chart and give a personal response.

• What are the positive sides of tourism industry?

• What is the strongest argument in favor of tourism?

• What are the drawbacks of mass tourism?

• What is the strongest argument against tourism?

• Which side of the argument is more convincing, for or against?

• Compare the arguments and take a position (for or against) on the issue.

• Choose two or three arguments to support your opinion.

• Choose one or two typical counterarguments and try to refute them.

• Complete the table to gather ideas for your essay.

Plan: Choose the structure to make your essay effective

Now that you have a plan, use your ideas, reasons to make an outline for the essay.

For example, strong but balanced opinion outline looks like this:

I. Introduction.

1. Current situation. Introduce the topic (use a “hook” question or a quote)

________________________________________________________________

2. Short general answer to the question. Give your personal attitude.

________________________________________________________________

II. Main paragraph 1: Describe advantages of Tourism

Reason 1__________________________________________________________

Support\example____________________________________________________

Reason 2 __________________________________________________________

Support ___________________________________________________________

III. Main paragraph 2: Describe disadvantages of Tourism

Topic sentence_____________________________________________________

Explain why/example________________________________________________

Reason 2__________________________________________________________

Support ___________________________________________________________

IV. Conclusion

1. Summarize the main points

______________________________________________________________

2. Repeat your opinion/ Recommend or predict

______________________________________________________________

Write your essay: use the outline, facts from the article and your own ideas.

Post-writing: revise and edit

See Supplement 2 “coherence and cohesion” to help readers follow and understand your ideas and eventually convince them.

SUPPLEMENT 1

SUPPLEMENT 2

COHERENCE AND COHESION

OPENING: Nowadays…. Today…. Recently, … In recent times… It is more and more…..

It is often said that…. Many people claim that…. Many people believe... while others argue that… It goes without saying that …. This poses/ begs the question …

…. is a hotly-debated topic that often divides opinion.

….. is a subject of intense (heated, much, lively, fierce) debate.

The following essay takes a look at both sides of the argument.

PRESENTING IDEAS AND GIVING EXAMPLES:

When it comes to… In terms of …. According to experts… Research has found that…

Not only… but also/ There are those who argue that…

For example…/ Such as…/ For instance…/ As shown by…./ Illustrated by…/

One example is…./ In particular…/ Including…/ Namely….

OPINION: In my view…/ From my point of view…/ From my perspective…/ I think…/ I am sure…/ Apparently…./ To my mind…/ As I see it…/ As far as I am concerned…/

My own view on the matter is…

CONCLUSION: in conclusion…/ to conclude…/ to sum up…/ weighing up all pros and cons, it seems evident that…/ All things considered…/ taking everything into consideration…

weighing up both sides of the argument…/ The advantages outweigh disadvantages…

In short…/ To sum up…/ On the whole…/ In other words…/ Overall…./ Generally…./ In general…. In brief/in short

SEQUENCING: First../firstly…/first of all…/ Second../secondly../ Third../ Next…

Before/after…/ afterwards…/ Meanwhile/while…./ Subsequently…/ Finally…/ Eventually…

EMPHASIZING: Above all…/ In particular…/ Especially…/ Significantly…/ Indeed…

Notably…/ Particularly…/ Naturally…/ Really…/ Actually…/ Exactly

Topic sentences for main paragraphs:

1. There are some good (sound, strong, reasoned) arguments for…

2. There are several reasons 1) why people argue ….2) why they think it’s a good idea

…3) why the idea could be seen as ineffective, biased, unreasoned

1. On the other hand I do understand the point of view …….

2. The option to ………is (un)attractive for several reasons…

/ has many obvious (dis)advantages/ ….is largely based on the idea that…

1. Perhaps the greatest argument in favor of .. ./ The only (dis)advantage

2. On the one hand, I accept that it is important to …

3. At the same time, I believe that it is not rightful to…./ reasons are unjust and unfair

4. In spite of the above arguments, I support the view/ I doubt that it is relevant to…

5. This all seems to be fair/ attractive, but the idea …

6. The main advantage/ strong point/ positive or negative idea/factor

7. While some believe it’s a good idea. I don’t find it the right/relevant solution

8. Despite the controversy of the argument … I think it is ….

Read the sample essay, written by a student; analyze its form and content.

Is this essay effective?

Topic: Tourism causes more harm than good.

Question: Do you agree or disagree? Task: Give a personal response to the topic.

Tourism is one of the most fast-growing sectors of the world economy. Holiday makers travel across the globe to both see some new places and visit well-known historic sites like Machu Picchu. Peruvian officials plan to construct an international airport to attract more tourists. There is a debate if tourists cause more harm than good.

The positive side is when crowds of travelers provide money for restaurants, shops and hotels, create jobs in the area. Second, it is common knowledge that travelling broadens minds and educates. Sites like Machu Picchu or Mount Kilimanjaro are world heritage, so they should be accessible to everyone regardless of their nationalities, age, physical abilities. On top of that even threatening local ecological situations are being solved through the installation of treatment sites.

On the contrary, huge rise in tourism will cause rubbish crisis and, consequently, an environmental disaster. Such countries as Peru or Tanzania can’t afford progressive technologies without serious donation. As a result money earned from excursion and guides will be spent on waste reduction. To that point the construction of an airport or a cable car will only bring noise and pollution. Besides, it is their remoteness that makes these places so special – they should be kept that way.

To sum up, I think tourists will cause more harm than good to tourist areas from the point of view of ecology and social life. Although local people will benefit from foreign visitors, receiving jobs and money, litter and noise will make their life unbearable.

ONLINE AND OFFLINE RESOURCES

1. Ryan Thomas Higgins IELTS Academic and General Task 2: How to write at a band 9 level. – 2015. – P. 69

2. Debra Daise, Charl Norloff, Paul Carne Q skills for success: reading and writing. – Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011. – P.271

3. Christina Latham-Koenig, Clive Oxenden English File Upper Intermediate. Student’s book. 3^rd edition. – Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014. – P.116

4. Are tourists causing more harm than good // The Week Junior. – 2019. – №180. – P. 8

5. https://ielts-simon.com/ielts-help-and-english-pr/2010/08/ielts-writing-task-2-studying-abroad.html

6. https://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/skills/writing

7. https://www.facebook.com/C.EnglishTeacher

8. https://www.facebook.com/LearnEnglish.BritishCouncil/