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Была в сети 14.01.2018 20:27

?brahimova Aybeniz Bahlul

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Presentation "Enviroment" pptx

Категория: Английский язык

30.09.2015 21:07

1. Introduction to Ecology • The meaning of the word ecology was given by German Biologist Hackle in 1869. • The word ecology is derived from Greek words ‘Oikos’ meaning house, habitat or place of living and ‘Logos’ meaning to study. • Ecology is defined as the study of interrelationship of different organisms with each other and with their environment. It is concerned with the general principles that apply to both animals and plants.
2. Objectives of Ecological Studies • It is important for humanity to understand its environment because we have the ability to modify the environment through the use of technology, and through overexploitation of natural resources as a result of greed or sheer pressure of numbers. Therefore, ecology is more than just the understanding of the interrelationships between organisms and their environment; it also has social, political, economic and technological dimensions. • It also is a study of evolutionary development of organisms, the biological productivity and energy flow in the natural system. • To develop mathematical models to relate interaction of parameters and to predict the effects
3. Classification of Ecology • Based on study area : 1. Autecology : It deals with the study of an individual species of organisms and it’s population. The ecologists study the behavior and adaptations of particular species to the environmental condition at every stage of that individual’s life cycle. It is also called the Species ecology. 2. Synecology : It deals with the study of communities, their composition, their behavior and relation with the environment. It is also called as Ecology of communities. It is further divided into 3 types : 1) Population Ecology 2) Community Ecology 3) Ecosystem Ecology
4. Classification of Ecology 2. Based on Environment or habitat 1) Aquatic ecology : The study of interaction of organisms in the water 1) Marine water ecology i) Ocean ii) Deep Sea iii) Estuary 2) Freshwater Ecology i) Letic (Running water) a) River b) Stream c) Spring ii) Lentic (Standing Water) a) Pond b) Lake Fresh water river Coral reefs
5. Classification of Ecology 2) Terrestrial Ecology : The study of interaction of organisms on land : a. Grassland Ecology b. Forest Ecology c. Desert Ecology 3. Based on Advancement in the field of ecology a. Productive ecology b. Population ecology c. Community ecology d. Ecosystem ecology e. Microbial ecology f. Radiation ecology g. Pollution ecology h. Space ecology Forest Ecology