Презентация на тему: Конституция США (Constitution of the USA)

МБОУ СОШ № 7 им. Л.С. Новиковой г. Кызыла Республики Тыва

Basic principles of the U.S. Constitution

Выполнил: учитель английского языка МБОУ СОШ № 7 им. Л.С. Новиковой г. Кызыла

Санаа Сай-Хонаш Валерьевна

Кызыл - 2022

The Constitution

• The constitution of the United States of America is the supreme law of the United States of America.
• It is the foundation and source of the legal authority underlying the existence of the United Sates of America and the Federal Government of the United States.
• It provides the framework for the organization of the U.S. Government.

Page one of the original copy of the Constitution

Basic Principles of the Constitution

• Popular Sovereignty
• Limited Government
• Separation of Powers
• Checks & Balances
• Federalism
• Individual Rights

These principles reflect the framers’ desire to establish a national government that serves the people, prevents the concentration & abuse of power, and respects the rights of the states.

Popular Sovereignty

• Popular sovereignty – government’s authority to rule comes from the people.
• Sovereignty – power or authority.
• This principle can be found throughout the Constitution.
• It’s expressed in the opening phrase of the Constitution “ We the people… ”
• It is also found in the articles of the Constitution:
• “ The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government .” – Article IV, Section 4

Limited Government

• Limited Government – A system in which government powers are carefully spelled out to prevent government from becoming too powerful.
• The Constitution establishes limited government:
• Article I Section 9 lists the powers that the national government does not have.
• The Bill of Rights limits our government by giving citizens certain rights.

Separation of Powers

• Separation of Powers – the distribution of political power among the branches of government, giving each branch a particular job.
• Separation of powers makes sure that no one branch has too much power.
• The writers of the Constitution wanted a strong national government, but it wanted to prevent the abuse of power.

Checks and Balances

Checks & Balances – a system in which the powers of government are balanced among different branches so that each branch can limit the power of the other branches.

Examples of Checks:

• The power of commander in chief
• The power to declare a law unconstitutional (Judicial Review)
• The power to impeach federal judges & Supreme Court Justices
• The power to approve all treaties with foreign countries
• The power to veto bills
• The power to declare war
• The power to appoint federal judges and Supreme Court justices
• The power to impeach the President

Federalism FEDERAL + SYSTEM = FEDERALISM

• Federalism – a system of government in which the powers to rule is divided among the national, state, and local levels of government
• In creating a federal system of government, the Constitution also established 3 types of powers : delegated, reserved and concurrent.

Delegated powers

• Delegated powers – those powers granted to the national government.
• Ex: Regulating immigration, making treaties, declaring war
• Delegated powers may be either enumerated or implied in the Constitution.
• Delegated powers are found in articles of the Constitution:
• The Congress shall have Power…To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes. -- Article I, Section 8, Clause 3

Reserved Powers

• Reserved powers – are those powers kept by the states.
• Ex: Marriage/divorce laws, driver’s licenses, public schools
• Amendment 10 reserves for the states any powers that are not given to the federal government
• The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, not prohibited to it by the States, are reserved to the States respectively… Amendment 10

Concurrent Powers

• Concurrent powers – are those that are shared by the federal and state governments.
• Ex: Taxes and Law Enforcement
• The amendment process is an example of concurrent powers.
• The Congress … shall propose Amendments to this Constitution, or on the Application of the Legislatures of 2/3’s of the several states… -Article 10

Independent Judiciary

• Framers’ created an independent judiciary to protect against abuses of the system by self-interested parties
• Article III which establishes the Supreme Court and other federal courts, the term limit for justices, and compensation
• Life sentence and secure salary to prevent public pressure

Individual Rights

• Anti-Federalists felt the Constitution didn’t protect individual rights , thus the Bill of Rights was added
• Examples:
• 1st Amendment
• Trial by Jury (III, 2)
• Treason (III, 3)

• Rule of Law - No one is above the law Examples:
• No states can discriminate against residents of another state (Article IV, Section 2)
• Supremacy Clause (Article VI, Section 2)

Список использованной литературы:

• Мюллер, владимир Карлович. Большой англо-русский словарь. 250 000 слов и словосочетаний [Текст] / В.К. Мюллер. – Новая редакция. – М.: Дом славянской книги, 2008. – 706 с.
• Kerr Philip, Jones Vaughan. Inside out [Текст]: Student’s book. Pre-intermidiate / K. S. J. V. Kerr Philip. – Spain^ Macmillian, 2002. – 96 c.

Электронные ресурсы:

• http: // iprbookshop.ru /
• https :// studfiles.net

Thank you for your attention!