Презентация о Великобритании

Britain – the Country of my Dream

With languages you are at home anywhere.

Edmund De Waal

The United Kingdom (abbreviated from “The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”) is the political name of the country which consists of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Great Britain (GB) is the geographical term which indicates England, Wales and Scotland but not Northern Ireland. The British Isles is the name for all the islands surrounding and including Great Britain, Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland where people are Irish not British.

English is the official language of the UK. It has become the language of the planet. English is spoken practically all over the world. Other recognized regional languages are Irish , Scottish Gaelic , Welsh and Cornish .

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. It is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea  to the east, the English Channel  to the south and the Celtic Sea  to the southwest. The Irish Sea  separates Great Britain and Ireland. The total area of the United Kingdom is 242,495 km 2 .

• The scenery in the British Isles varies greatly from region to region. There are moors and mountains, lakes and rivers, forests and meadows, cliffs and beaches, woods and hills. The highest mountain in the UK is Ben Nevis in Scotland. It is 1344m high. Scotland is the country with the most mountains in the UK. The longest river in the UK is the Severn . The Thames is the deepest and the most important one.

• The UK has a variety of natural resources . Geological : natural gas (the major ones), petroleum, limestone, chalk, gypsum, rock salt, iron ore, tin, silver, gold, lead. Agricultural : arable land, pastures. Other natural resources: wind, solar and water power.

Ben Nevis

The River Severn

The River Thames

In general the climate of the UK is cool and often cloudy and rainy.

• Northern Ireland ,  Wales  and western parts of  England  and  Scotland , being closest to the Atlantic Ocean , are generally the mildest, wettest and windiest regions of the UK.
• Eastern areas are drier, cooler, and less windy.
• Northern areas are generally cooler and wetter, and have slightly larger temperature ranges than southern areas.

The English say that they have three variants of weather: when it rains in the morning, when it rains in the afternoon or when it rains all day long. Sometimes it rains so heavily that they say 'It's raining cats and dogs'.

Beech

Oak forest

With its mild climate and varied soils, the United Kingdom has a diverse pattern of natural vegetation. Oak forests covered the lowland, while pine forests and patches of moorland covered the higher or sandy ground. Oak, elm, ash, and beech are the most common trees in England. Pine and birch are most common in Scotland.

Pine forest

Red deer

The fauna is similar to that of northwestern continental Europe. Red and roe deer are protected for sport. Common smaller mammals are foxes , hares , hedgehogs , rabbits , weasels , stoats , rats . Roughly 230 species of birds reside in the United Kingdom. Most numerous are the chaffinch , blackbird , sparrow , and starling . The rivers and lakes abound in salmon , trout , perch , pike , roach , dace , and grayling .

Roe deer

Chaffinch

Blackbird

Now the UK has a great variety of industries, for example heavy and light industry , chemical , aircraft , electrical , automobile , shipbuilding . The UK is considered as one of the world’s major manufacturing nations. Three-quarters of the United Kingdom’s land is dedicated to agriculture . Transport in the United Kingdom is facilitated with road, air, rail, and water networks. 

The United Kingdom is a   unitary state   under a   constitutional monarchy .  Queen Elizabeth II  is the   monarch   and head of state of the UK.

The UK has a parliamentary government . The parliament of the United Kingdom meets in the  Palace of Westminster  and has two houses: an elected  House of Commons  and an appointed  House of Lords . The Prime Minister is  Boris Johnson , who has been in office since 24 July 2019.  The Prime Minister is the political leader of the UK and the Head of the Government. For local government in the United Kingdom, England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales each have their own system of administrative and geographic demarcation.

The  flag of the United Kingdom  is the Union Flag  (also referred to as the Union Jack). Wales is not represented in the Union Flag, as Wales had been conquered and annexed to England prior to the formation of the United Kingdom.

The  royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom is the official   coat of arms   of the  British monarch , currently   Queen Elizabeth II . Three lions symbolize England, a lion rampant – Scotland, and a harp – Ireland. The whole is encircled and is supported by a lion and a unicorn.

Motto 'God and my right' (as used in England, Northern Ireland and Wales)

National presentation

National animal

The United Kingdom includes four nations: the English, the Welsh, the Scottish and the Irish. In the 2011 census the total population of the United Kingdom was 63,181,775 : over 53 million in England , over 5 million in Scotland , over 3 million in Wales and almost over 2 million in Northern Ireland . White British is the predominant race in UK.

Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland.

The center of everything in Great Britain is London . It is the capital city of both England and the UK and is the largest UK city. 

Cardiff is the capital of Wales.

Belfast is the capital of

Northern Ireland.

There are many places of interest in Great Britain.

London Eye

Big Ben

Tower Bridge

Madame Tussauds

Westminster Abbey

Hyde Park

Royal Observatory, Greenwich

Stonehenge

Edinburgh Castle

Loch Ness

The culture of the United Kingdom has been influenced by many factors including: the nation's island status; its history as a western liberal democracy and a major power; as well as being a political union of four countries with each preserving elements of distinctive traditions, customs and symbolism.

The UK gave the world a lot of talented people. Many famous writers and poets were born and lived in Great Britain.

Robert Burns (1759 – 1796)

Arthur Conan Doyle (1859 – 1930)

William Shakespeare (1564 – 1616)

Various styles of music are popular in the UK, including the indigenous   folk music   of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Great Britain is home to many great and famous bands , singers and musicians .

The history of British visual art forms part of  western art history . There are many art galleries and museums in the UK. The Royal Academy  in London is a key organization for the promotion of the visual arts in the United Kingdom.

Samuel Palmer (1805 – 1881)

William Turner (1787 – 1851)

Damien Hirst (born 1965)

Sport in the United Kingdom plays an important role in British culture. The United Kingdom has given birth to a large majority of the team sports including  association football ,  badminton ,  billiards ,  bowls ,  boxing ,  British baseball ,   cricket ,  darts ,  golf ,  rugby (union and league) ,  tennis ,  table tennis, snooker, squash, water polo . Moreover, the standardization of various sports, such as rowing , dance sports and motorsports occurred in the United Kingdom.

They changed the world

Winston Churchill was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955.

Oliver Cromwell was an English general and statesman who led the Parliament of England's armies against King Charles I during the English Civil War and ruled the British Isles as Lord Protector from 1653 until his death in 1658. 

Elizabeth I , daughter of King Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, ruled as the Queen of England and Ireland from 1558 to 1603. 

Isaac Newton was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer.

He formulated the law of universal gravitation and laws of motion.  

The Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland for over six decades, Queen Victoria reigned for longer than any of her predecessors.

Michael Faraday was an English scientist known for his contribution to the study of electrochemistry and electromagnetism.

John Lennon achieved worldwide fame as the founder, co-lead vocalist, and rhythm guitarist of the Beatles.

Margaret Thatcher served as Prime Minister of the UK.

Diana , Princess of Wales was the first wife of Charles, Prince of Wales.

Stephen Hawking  was an English theoretical physicist, cosmologist.

Joanne Rowling is best known for writing the Harry Potter fantasy series.

David Beckham is an English former professional footballer.

Did you know?

Royal weddings are national holidays. The day after ceremony people get a day off work.

Shakespeare added around 3,000 words to the English language.

The Parliaments of England and Ireland still print the documents they have adopted on calfskin paper.

In London's Barbican Theatre in 2011, the play "Lullaby" was shown — the audience settled on their beds and fell asleep peacefully, and in the morning they were waiting for breakfast, which was included in the ticket price.

If you ever paid attention to the BBC’s TV channels you could easily notice that their programs don’t display advertisements. This is because they are the public broadcasting operator and are paid by the British citizens.

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