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Презентация "Образование множественного числа существительных в английском языке"

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            THE PLURALS OF NOUNS  ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ МНОЖЕСТВЕННОГО ЧИСЛА СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНЫХ Выполнено учителем английского языка Погодиной Еленой Олеговной Гимназия №2 г. Раменское

THE PLURALS OF NOUNS

ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ МНОЖЕСТВЕННОГО ЧИСЛА СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНЫХ

Выполнено учителем английского языка

Погодиной Еленой Олеговной

Гимназия №2 г. Раменское

Regular plurals Most nouns form their plurals by adding –s to the singular noun : book – books sport – sports car – cars We add -es if the singular noun ends in -ch, -sh, -s or –x : church – churches dish - dishes bus – buses box – boxes Some nouns ending in –o add -es in the plural : tomato – tomatoes hero – heroes potato - potatoes   But : piano – pianos ; radio - radios ;zoo – zoos ; photo - photos

Regular plurals

  • Most nouns form their plurals by adding –s to the singular noun :

book – books

sport – sports

car – cars

  • We add -es if the singular noun ends in -ch, -sh, -s or –x :

church – churches

dish - dishes

bus – buses

box – boxes

  • Some nouns ending in –o add -es in the plural :

tomato – tomatoes

hero – heroes

potato - potatoes

But : piano – pianos ; radio - radios ;zoo – zoos ; photo - photos

Nouns ending in a consonant + -y change the –y to i and add -es : Baby – babies Lady – ladies Factory - factories   But : boy – boys ; day - days Some nouns ending in -f, -fe drop the – f, -fe and add –ves : Leaf – leaves Wife – wives Knife – knives Loaf - loaves  But : roof – roofs, cliff – cliffs , chief – chiefs, handkerchief – handkerchiefs.
  • Nouns ending in a consonant + -y change the –y to i and add -es :

Baby – babies

Lady – ladies

Factory - factories

But : boy – boys ; day - days

  • Some nouns ending in -f, -fe drop the – f, -fe and add –ves :

Leaf – leaves

Wife – wives

Knife – knives

Loaf - loaves

But : roof – roofs, cliff – cliffs , chief – chiefs, handkerchief – handkerchiefs.

IRREGULAR  PLURALS Some nouns form the plural by changing their vowel(s) : Man – men Woman – women Foot – feet Goose – geese Mouse – mice Tooth – teeth Louse – lice A few nouns form the plural with – en : Child – children Ox – oxen

IRREGULAR PLURALS

  • Some nouns form the plural by changing their vowel(s) :

Man – men

Woman – women

Foot – feet

Goose – geese

Mouse – mice

Tooth – teeth

Louse – lice

  • A few nouns form the plural with – en :

Child – children

Ox – oxen

Some nouns have the same form in the singular and plural Sheep – two sheep Deer – two deer Salmon – two salmon Species – species Series – series Means – means Trout - trout But : fish is the normal plural of fish ; fishes is also possible but less usual.  We use fishes to talk about different kinds and species of fish.  The usual plural of person is people ( not persons).We use peoples to talk about citizens of different couintries.
  • Some nouns have the same form in the singular and plural

Sheep – two sheep

Deer – two deer

Salmon – two salmon

Species – species

Series – series

Means – means

Trout - trout

But : fish is the normal plural of fish ; fishes is also possible but less usual.

We use fishes to talk about different kinds and species of fish.

The usual plural of person is people ( not persons).We use peoples to talk about citizens of different couintries.

COMPOUND NOUNS THEIR PLURAL FORM BY ADDING –S/ -ES THEIR PLURAL FORM BY ADDING –S/ -ES TO THE SECOND NOUN IF THE COMPOUND CONSISTS OF TWO NOUNS : SHOPKEEPER – SHOPKEEPERS STEPFATHER - STEPFATHERS TO THE FIRST NOUN IF THE COMPOUND CONSISTS OF TWO NOUNS CONNECTED WITH A PREPOSITION: SISTER-IN- LAW – SISTERS-IN -LAW TO THE NOUN IF THE COMPOUND CONSISTS OF AN ADJECTIVE AND A NOUN : FRYING PAN – FRYING PANS WATER-BOTTLE – WATER-BOTTLERS AT THE END OF THE  COMPOUND IF THISIS NOT MADE UP OF ANY NOUNS : BREAKDOWN – BREAKDOWNS HOLD-UP – HOLD-UPS

COMPOUND NOUNS

  • THEIR PLURAL FORM BY ADDING –S/ -ES
  • THEIR PLURAL FORM BY ADDING –S/ -ES

TO THE SECOND NOUN IF THE COMPOUND CONSISTS OF TWO NOUNS :

SHOPKEEPER – SHOPKEEPERS

STEPFATHER - STEPFATHERS

TO THE FIRST NOUN IF THE COMPOUND CONSISTS OF TWO NOUNS CONNECTED WITH A PREPOSITION:

SISTER-IN- LAW – SISTERS-IN -LAW

TO THE NOUN IF THE COMPOUND CONSISTS OF AN ADJECTIVE AND A NOUN :

FRYING PAN – FRYING PANS

WATER-BOTTLE – WATER-BOTTLERS

AT THE END OF THE COMPOUND IF THISIS NOT MADE UP OF ANY NOUNS :

BREAKDOWN – BREAKDOWNS

HOLD-UP – HOLD-UPS

SOME NOUNS BORROWED FROM GREEK AND LATIN HAVE GREEK OR LATIN PLURAL ENDINGS. Origin Singular Greek Plural -is Greek Latin Singular(Plural) examples -es -on Latin  -us -a basis(bases),crisis (crises) criterion(criteria),phenomenon (phenomena) Latin  -I -a -um -ae radius(radii),alumnus(alumni), terminus(termini),stimulus (stimuli) Latin  alga(algae),vita(vitae) -a -ix/-ex datum ( data),medium (media) -ices Index(indices),appendix (appendices)

SOME NOUNS BORROWED FROM GREEK AND LATIN HAVE GREEK OR LATIN PLURAL ENDINGS.

Origin

Singular

Greek

Plural

-is

Greek

Latin

Singular(Plural) examples

-es

-on

Latin

-us

-a

basis(bases),crisis (crises)

criterion(criteria),phenomenon

(phenomena)

Latin

-I

-a

-um

-ae

radius(radii),alumnus(alumni),

terminus(termini),stimulus

(stimuli)

Latin

alga(algae),vita(vitae)

-a

-ix/-ex

datum ( data),medium

(media)

-ices

Index(indices),appendix

(appendices)

Some nouns are always plural in form and take only plural verbs . thanks wages means cattle stairs Abstract (plural meaning) people police outskirts

Some nouns are always plural in form and take only plural verbs .

thanks

wages

means

cattle

stairs

Abstract

(plural meaning)

people

police

outskirts

Some nouns take only a plural verb. trousers scissors pijarmas pants compasses spectacles clothes Tools& instruiments tights jeans tweezers binoculars glasses shorts pliers

Some nouns take only a plural verb.

trousers

scissors

pijarmas

pants

compasses

spectacles

clothes

Tools&

instruiments

tights

jeans

tweezers

binoculars

glasses

shorts

pliers

Some  nouns take only a singular verb. (Uncountable nouns) Mass Nouns Gases:  Fluids:  Solids: Particles: sugar dust rice pepper salt corn wheat sand flour hair  coffee air oxygen smoke smog steam pollution  bread butter coal food fruit ice meat iron milk oil tea water blood juice

Some nouns take only a singular verb.

(Uncountable nouns)

Mass

Nouns

Gases:

Fluids:

Solids:

Particles:

sugar

dust

rice

pepper

salt corn

wheat

sand flour

hair

coffee

air

oxygen

smoke

smog

steam

pollution

bread

butter

coal

food

fruit

ice

meat iron

milk

oil

tea

water

blood

juice

Uncountable nouns   Languages : English Greek Chinese Spanish etc  Games : Chess Billiards Golf Football Tennis athletics  Types of meat : Beef Mutton Pork Venison etc Uncountable  nouns    Subjects : Natural phenomena: Chemistry Economics Mathematics Physics Psychology Darkness Fog Hail Heat light Snow sunshine Weather   Diseases : Cancer Measles Mumps Flu

Uncountable nouns

Languages :

English

Greek

Chinese

Spanish etc

Games :

Chess

Billiards

Golf

Football

Tennis

athletics

Types of meat :

Beef

Mutton

Pork

Venison etc

Uncountable

nouns

Subjects :

Natural phenomena:

Chemistry

Economics

Mathematics

Physics

Psychology

Darkness

Fog Hail

Heat light

Snow sunshine

Weather

Diseases :

Cancer

Measles

Mumps

Flu

advice business accomodation knowledge luggage work progress Abstract nouns trouble education News music information damage traffic

advice

business

accomodation

knowledge

luggage

work

progress

Abstract nouns

trouble

education

News

music

information

damage

traffic

applause behaviour rubbish chaos laughter jewellery countryside Abstract nouns furniture courage help evidence anger assistance

applause

behaviour

rubbish

chaos

laughter

jewellery

countryside

Abstract nouns

furniture

courage

help

evidence

anger

assistance

 SOME NOUNS HAVE A DIFFERENT MEANING IN PLURAL SINGULAR PLURAL The needle of a  compass always points north. It is an English custom to celebrate the Queen`s birthday. She has a lot of experience working with children.  Would you like a glass of milk? She has got long, blonde hair.  You can draw a perfect circle with compasses. When he got of the plane his bag was searched at Customs. We had lots of exciting experiences on our journey through Africa. He can`t see very well without glasses. There are two hairs in the soup! She weighed hersrlf on the scales. The boy got lost in the woods. Picasso`s works are really fascinating. They were shocked at the scale of the disaster. This door is made of wood. He goes to work every day except Sunday.

SOME NOUNS HAVE A DIFFERENT MEANING IN PLURAL

SINGULAR

PLURAL

  • The needle of a compass always points north.
  • It is an English custom to celebrate the Queen`s birthday.
  • She has a lot of experience working with children.
  • Would you like a glass of milk?
  • She has got long, blonde hair.

  • You can draw a perfect circle with compasses.
  • When he got of the plane his bag was searched at Customs.
  • We had lots of exciting experiences on our journey through Africa.
  • He can`t see very well without glasses.
  • There are two hairs in the soup!
  • She weighed hersrlf on the scales.
  • The boy got lost in the woods.
  • Picasso`s works are really fascinating.
  • They were shocked at the scale of the disaster.
  • This door is made of wood.
  • He goes to work every day except Sunday.
Group nouns These nouns refer to a group of people. These nouns can take group either a singular or a plural verb depending on whether we see the group as a whole or as individuals . Such group nouns are :  army, audience, class, club, committee, crew, company, council, family, public, government, press, staff, team, jury, group, heardquarters, orchestra…  Examples : The team  was the best in the company.( the team as a group) The team were all given medals.( each member separately as individuals) The government  was elected a month ago. The government  think they can solve the problem. My family  are on holiday. The family  is a very important part of the society.

Group nouns

  • These nouns refer to a group of people.
  • These nouns can take group either a singular or a plural verb depending on whether we see the group as a whole or as individuals .
  • Such group nouns are :

army, audience, class, club, committee, crew, company, council, family, public, government, press, staff, team, jury, group, heardquarters, orchestra…

Examples :

  • The team was the best in the company.( the team as a group)
  • The team were all given medals.( each member separately as individuals)
  • The government was elected a month ago.
  • The government think they can solve the problem.
  • My family are on holiday.
  • The family is a very important part of the society.
Write the plural of the following nouns : City - …….. 16. potato -… Brother-in law …… 17 . sleeping pill - …….. Headline ……… 18 . calf -…….. Photo - …….. 19 . water-bottle -…….. Bank robbery - …… 20. sunshade - ……. Stepmother - …… 21. trout -…… Couch - ….. 22. cube - …… Dish - …… 23. species - …… Tray - …. 24 . family -…… Roof - …. 25 . deer - ….. Sit- in - …. 26 . ox - ……. Hold-up - …  27. piano - ….. Mouse - …. 28. hero - ….. Tooth - ….. 29 . church - …… Shelf - ….. 30. policeman -……

Write the plural of the following nouns :

  • City - …….. 16. potato -…
  • Brother-in law …… 17 . sleeping pill - ……..
  • Headline ……… 18 . calf -……..
  • Photo - …….. 19 . water-bottle -……..
  • Bank robbery - …… 20. sunshade - …….
  • Stepmother - …… 21. trout -……
  • Couch - ….. 22. cube - ……
  • Dish - …… 23. species - ……
  • Tray - …. 24 . family -……
  • Roof - …. 25 . deer - …..
  • Sit- in - …. 26 . ox - …….
  • Hold-up - … 27. piano - …..
  • Mouse - …. 28. hero - …..
  • Tooth - ….. 29 . church - ……
  • Shelf - ….. 30. policeman -……
Fill in : is or are : 1. Where ……your trousers? 2. Could you tell me where the scissors………..? 3. Tonight, there…….athletics on TV. 4. Money …….easy to spend and difficult to save. 5.Gloves ……worn in cold weather. 6. This student`s knowledge…..amazing. 7. Love …..the reason for much happiness in the world. 8.This bread ………stale/ 9. Your pijamas …..on the bed. 10. My luggage…..too heavy to carry. 11. My advice to you ……to stay in bed. 12. Physics ……..my favourite subject. 13. Measles …..a common illness. 15. The glasses….in the cupboard. 16.Our bathroom scales……. quite accurate. 17.Darts …….a popular game in England. 18. This work……too hard for me. 19. People ……..unhappy with the new tax system. 20. The weather …. fine today.

Fill in : is or are :

1. Where ……your trousers?

2. Could you tell me where the scissors………..?

3. Tonight, there…….athletics on TV.

4. Money …….easy to spend and difficult to save.

5.Gloves ……worn in cold weather.

6. This student`s knowledge…..amazing.

7. Love …..the reason for much happiness in the world.

8.This bread ………stale/

9. Your pijamas …..on the bed.

10. My luggage…..too heavy to carry.

11. My advice to you ……to stay in bed.

12. Physics ……..my favourite subject.

13. Measles …..a common illness.

15. The glasses….in the cupboard.

16.Our bathroom scales……. quite accurate.

17.Darts …….a popular game in England.

18. This work……too hard for me.

19. People ……..unhappy with the new tax system.

20. The weather …. fine today.

Made by Pogodina E.O. Gymnasia №2 Ramenskoye  20

Made by Pogodina E.O.

Gymnasia №2 Ramenskoye

20

 The information is taken from these books. English Grammar in Use. R.Murphy : Cambridge,1994.- 350p. Grammar and Vocabulary. M.Mann, S.Taylore-Knowles : Macmillan,2008. – 216p. Primary grammar .S. Cochrane: Macmillan,2008. – 151p.

The information is taken from these books.

  • English Grammar in Use. R.Murphy : Cambridge,1994.- 350p.
  • Grammar and Vocabulary. M.Mann, S.Taylore-Knowles : Macmillan,2008. – 216p.
  • Primary grammar .S. Cochrane: Macmillan,2008. – 151p.


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