Презентация "Present Perfect"

Present perfect tense

The  present perfect is a grammatical combination of the present tense  and  perfect  aspect that is used to express a past event that has present consequences

FORMING THE PRESENT PERFECT

Negative.

Subject + to have/has not + past participle

I have not played

He has not played

Interrogative (+negative)

To have/has (not) + subject +past participle

Have they already played?

Has she played?

Affirmative.

Subject + to have/has + past participle

We have played

It has not played

THE PRESENT PERFECT IS USED TO DESCRIBE

• An action or situation that started in the past and continues in the present. 

I  have lived  in Bristol since 1984  (= and I still do.)

• An action performed during a period that has not yet finished. 

She  has been  to the cinema twice this week  (= and the week isn't over yet.)

• A repeated action in an unspecified period between the past and now. 

We  have visited  Portugal several times.

• An action that was completed in the very recent past, expressed by 'just'. 
• I  have just finished  my work .

• An action when the time is not important. 
• He  has read  'War and Peace'.  (= the result of his reading is important)

The Words you should pay attention to.

• ever  – когда-либо, когда-нибудь;
• never  – никогда;
• just  – как раз, точно, едва, только что, всего лишь, совсем, только-только, лишь, сейчас;
• already  – уже;
• not…yet  – все еще нет, еще нет;
• before  – раньше, прежде, перед тем как;
• lately  – в последнее время, недавно;
• of late  – с недавних пор, за последнее время, недавно;
• so far  – уже, к настоящему времени, на этот час, пока, до сих пор, вплоть до этого момента;
• recently  – недавно, на днях, в последнее время, только что, не так давно;
• by now  – на настоящий момент;
• up to now  – до сих пор, до настоящего времени.