Проектная деятельность. "Достопримечательности Шотландии"

Municipal Autonomous Educational Institution

“Gymnasium №31”

Project

Sights of Scotland

Made:

the students of 7C class

Saratov 2024

Contents

Chapter 1. Introduction …………………………………………………………3

Chapter 2. Geographical location of Scotland…………………………………..3

Chapter 3. The history of Scotland……………………………………………...4

Chapter 4. What is Scotland famous for………………………………………...4

Chapter 5. The history of the origin of each attraction………………………….5

Chapter 5.1 Edinburgh Castle………………………………………………….5

Chapter 5.2 National Gallery of Scotland……………………………………..6

Chapter 5.3 Camera Obscura and World of Illusions………………………….6

Chapter 5.4 The Royal Mile…………………………………………………...6

Chapter 5.5 Riverside Museum………………………………………………..7

Chapter 5.6 Glasgow botanic gardens…………………………………………7

Chapter 5.7 Cairngorms National Park………………………………………...7

Chapter 5.8 Balmoral Castle…………………………………………………...8

Chapter 5.9 Glamis Castle……………………………………………………..8

Chapter 5.10 Neist point……………………………………………………….8

Chapter 6. The survey………………………………………………………….9

Conclusion……………………………………………………………………...9

Literature/Internet resources…………………………………………………..10

Appendix 1 ……………………………………………………………………11

Appendix 2 …………………………………………………………………….12

Appendix 3……………………………………………………………………..13

Chapter 1. Introduction

Why did we choose the theme “Sights of Scotland”?

When we started choosing a topic, we thought about the meaning and significance of what we would write about. It was important for us to choose a topic that would not only be interesting to ourselves, but would also be relevant to other people. That's how we came to the decision to choose our theme “Sights of Scotland”

Purpose (goal): to study the history and the origin of some attractions in Scotland

Tasks: -to find out more about history of Scotland;
-to learn about the most popular attractions and their origin;
-to conduct a survey on the sights of Scotland;
-to make a booklet of the most common sights of Scotland.

Object of research: history and the origin of some attractions in Scotland
Subject of research: the most popular attractions of Scotland and their origin

Hypothesis: each country has its own popular tourists attractions

Methods:
- collecting information from books, Internet resources;
- analysis of information on the topic;
- processing of research data.

Practical significance: this material can be used in English lessons to broaden the horizons of students during class hours, quizzes and to prepare for the Olympiads. Such work generates interest in the history of the country, develops cognitive and creative activity. Independent activity contributes to a comprehensive acquaintance with the topic under study, expanding knowledge on this issue.

Chapter 2. Geographical location of Scotland

Scotland is one of the most beautiful places in Britain, which is famous for its magnificent dramatic landscapes of rugged mountains and green valleys, picturesque hills, fields, forests and rugged coastline. Here, history surrounds almost everywhere, revealing the veils of secrets of legendary battles, romantic ruins and old stone churches. Scotland is a country of amazing diversity, where you can find almost a complete set of tourist attractions: beautiful medieval cities, fabulous castles and beautiful natural landscapes. But the main highlight of Scotland is the loneliness of remote moorlands and islands, wild mountains and secluded sandy beaches.

A country in the north of the island of Great Britain, which is part of the state of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It borders England by land and is washed by the Atlantic Ocean seas: the Northern (in the east) and the Irish (in the west). The capital of Scotland is Edinburgh, and the largest city is Glasgow. The country has an amazing authentic atmosphere, rich traditions and wide autonomy.

Most of Scotland has a temperate maritime climate. It is characterized by cool summers and springs, rainy autumns and relatively mild winters. Everyone knows the variability and unpredictability of the Scottish weather, when you can experience all four seasons in one day. Although, in fairness, it should be noted that extreme temperatures are rare.

Chapter 3. The history of Scotland

The first written mention of Scotland appeared during the Roman conquest of the British Isles. Modern Wales and England were occupied by the Romans, who made them their provinces and took political and administrative control. In the north, there remained a part of the lands mentioned in the sources as Caledonia, where the tribes of Picts and Gaels lived, who after the departure of the Romans created their own kingdoms, one of which, Dal Riada, was located on part of the territory of modern Great Britain and two Irish islands. Scotland occupied approximately the territory of modern Argyll, and the famous Pictia became part of Fortriu. Officially, the history of Scotland dates back to 843, when the kingdom of the Scots and Picts was headed by monarch Kenneth McAlpin. Over the next few centuries, Scotland began to occupy an area almost identical to the modern one. This time was relatively peaceful and calm for the country – the Scots interacted well with the English rulers, and petty feudal fragmentation did not interfere with the normal life of the local population. A sharp change in the political course of Scotland began with the era of the conquest of England by the Normans, who came to these lands in the middle of the 11th century. Political vicissitudes and dynastic marriages led to the fact that the influence of Celtic Christianity was reduced, and a flood of immigrants from the Netherlands poured into the country. The end of the 13th century was marked by the total transfer of Scottish lands to noble families of Normans and Anglo-Normans. From that moment on, the rapprochement of England and Scotland could not prevent the periodic outbreak of armed conflicts between the countries. The English kings conquered the Scottish lands with enviable regularity, and the Scottish army invaded the northern regions.

Chapter 4: What is Scotland famous for?

Scotland is one of the most beautiful places in Britain, which is famous for its magnificent dramatic landscapes of rugged mountains and green valleys, picturesque hills, fields, forests and rugged coastline. Here, history surrounds almost everywhere, revealing the veils of secrets of legendary battles, romantic ruins and old stone churches. Scotland is a country of amazing diversity, where you can find almost a complete set of tourist attractions: beautiful medieval cities, fabulous castles and beautiful natural landscapes. But the main highlight of Scotland is - it is the loneliness of remote moorlands and islands, wild mountains and secluded sandy beaches.

Chapter 5: The history of the origin of each attraction that attracted our attention

5.1 Edinburgh Castle

It is the main castle-fortress of Scotland, located on the top of Castle Hill in the heart of the capital — old Edinburgh. It dominates all the surroundings, as it organically grows from an 80-meter elevation. The castle stands on the site of a prehistoric volcano. The main sacred relics of the country and objects of national pride of the Scots are kept in Edinburgh Castle — the Skunk Stone, or the Stone of Destiny, on which the monarchs of Scotland and England have been crowned for centuries, the Crown of Scotland, the oldest regalia in the whole of Great Britain, the ceremonial sword and scepter. Scotland has many bloody stories, but none of them can be compared to the torture of witches. One such person was Janet Douglas or Lady Glamis, who appeared in court accused of using witchcraft against King James V. Although it was clear that Janet was innocent, King James carried out a vendetta against the family and tortured her servants until they confessed that the woman was a witch. She was burned at the stake on the esplanade just outside the castle walls.

Edinburgh Castle housed many prisoners of war. Having spent a significant part of its history as an army fortress, Edinburgh Castle has seen many prisoners housed here throughout its long history. These include 21 pirates of the Caribbean, most of whom were found guilty of piracy and hanged off the coast of Leith. It is believed that more than 1,000 prisoners were held here.

5.2 National Gallery of Scotland

It is a huge museum complex in Edinburgh, combining the Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art, the Scottish National Portrait Gallery, the Royal Academy building and several small collections. In all these galleries, you can see an impressive collection of world paintings: from Scottish artists who are not familiar to a wide range, to well-known Impressionists, Flemish and Dutch masters. The National Gallery of Scotland is the oldest museum complex in the country, opened in 1859. The origins of the national collection lie in the collection of the Royal Institute for the Encouragement of Fine Arts. In 1819, the academy began to buy art objects. The collection grew over time and was moved to a separate building for storage. His project was designed by the famous Scottish architect, William Playfer. The gallery has a huge collection of paintings, which covers a significant chronological period from the Renaissance to modern life.

5.3 Camera Obscura and World of Illusions

A place for which the word "miracle" is not an empty word can be considered a museum located in Edinburgh called Camera Obscura and the World of Illusions. Here visitors have a real opportunity to see unexplained wonders, the interactive museum presents its visitors with an amazing collection of color, light and optical illusions. Of great interest is the mirror maze, in which everyone can experience their so-called "inner compass". It is best to visit a spinning colored tube only for people who are confident in the strength of their vestibular apparatus. In a mysterious room, two visitors may find themselves on different sides of the mysterious world – one of them will literally turn into a giant, and the other into a midget. This is just a part of the incredible surprises.

5.4 The Royal Mile

It is a series of streets in the center of Edinburgh (Scotland), one of the main attractions of the city. The Royal Mile includes several streets (Castle Hill, Lawnmarket, High Street and Canongate), which are Edinburgh's main tourist destination. There are many souvenir shops, various historical attractions and entertainment. The Royal Mile runs through the old town all the way to Holyrood Palace. The Royal Mile is not only Edinburgh's tourist mecca, but also a place where the entire history of the city and Scotland is reflected. Daniel Defoe described it as "the largest, longest and most beautiful street in the whole world." On the street you can see the unusual architecture of St. Giles Cathedral, built in 1829 using elements of older buildings, the majestic building of the city assembly (City Chambers), numerous monuments and ancient houses.

5.5 Riverside Museum

It is the Glasgow Transport Museum (Glasgow's Riverside Museum), designed by Zaha Hadid. Construction was postponed due to the crisis and then carried out for 4 years, in addition, this is the first major public project of Zaha Hadid implemented in the UK. For a long time, Glasgow was famous, first of all, as a powerful shipbuilding center. Today, the city also claims to be one of the main cultural and tourist centers of Great Britain. The Riverside Museum, located on the site of an old shipyard in the industrial part of the city, should combine these two themes – become a monument to the glorious history of shipbuilding and mechanical engineering and an object of attraction for tourists. In the external form of the museum, in accordance with its specialization, the idea of movement is expressed. The building, like most of Hadid's objects, is distinguished by its dynamic, broken shape. The volume itself is sharply curved in the middle. It is sheathed with galvanized metal from the outside, which corresponds to the industrial past of the place. The museum has more than 3.

5.6 Glasgow botanic gardens

It is firstly a documented collection of plants for the purposes of conservation, education and research and is home to several national plant collections including Dendrobium orchids, tree ferns and Begonias. Many factors contributed to the creation of the Glasgow Botanical Garden: the specificity and diversity of the local flora, the location of a large university in the city, where a lot of famous researchers worked, the presence of the largest seaport in the country in the city (at the time of foundation, trips to other continents in search of new animals and plants were still carried out) and much more. The Glasgow Botanical Garden was founded in 1817, then in 1842 it was moved to the place where it is now, and since then it has only increased. Unlike many others, this botanical garden organized its travels in search of plants: both in the United Kingdom and on other continents, and when it was connected to the university, the collection also began to replenish university finds. This brought us a wonderful large park, in which there are a lot of plant rarities

5.7 Cairngorms National Park

It offers breathtaking beauty, forests, the purest rivers, along with magnificent arrays of wildlife. In 2011, the area was selected by National Geographic magazine as one of the top 20 places in the world to visit. Prehistoric forts, stone circles and burial mounds attract tourists from all over the world, especially in the Neolithic Heart of Orkney, Scotland's last UNESCO World Heritage Site. Lovers of pristine nature should head to the highlands and the Hebrides, where eagles, whales and dolphins are a familiar sight. The most popular place for hiking, mountaineering and winter sports, hunting and mountain fishing is the Cairngorms National Park. And here you will find everything that attracts tourists and travelers to Scotland at its best.

5.8 Balmoral Castle

In Scotland has a long history and is known as the holiday home of Queen Elizabeth II. It is reported that the first residence was built in Balmoral in 1390, but it fell into the hands of the British royal family more than 500 years later. According to the Balmoral Castle website, Queen Victoria made her first visit to Scotland in the autumn of 1842 with her husband Prince Albert. She fell in love with this country estate, and the couple eventually acquired it in 1852. The only residence that was originally located on the estate was considered too small for their growing family, so the royal couple demolished it and built a majestic castle on a vast territory. Today, the estate has 150 buildings and is known for its beautiful architecture, extensive gardens and fascinating royal history. Here's everything you need to know about Balmoral Castle.

Every year, Queen Elizabeth II spent her summer holidays with her family at Balmoral Castle, and it is widely believed that this was her favorite residence.

Balmoral Castle is associated with the legendary history of the British royal family. To begin with, Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip Mountbatten spent their honeymoon at Birkhill Lodge, which is part of the Balmoral Estate and the home of Lord Mountbatten (Prince Philip's maternal uncle).

When the royal family stays at Balmoral Castle, it is usually closed, but there are guided tours during the winter months.

5.9 Glamis Castle

There are many castles in Scotland with a sinister history, but no one can compare with Glamis Castle. This is a truly creepy place, and the ancient legends of ghosts are organically complemented by more modern chilling stories. The castle was built in 1376 by order of King Robert II, but even before its construction, this area enjoyed a gloomy reputation: in the 11th century, another Scottish king, Malcolm II, died here. The castle was originally used for hunting, then King Robert gave it to John Lyon.

5.10 Neist point Lighthouse

It is an excellent place to observe whales, giant sharks, dolphins and porpoises, and the Point is home to a huge variety of seabirds, including kair, sharp-billed, shaggy and boobies. It is also one of the best places on the Isle of Skye to watch the sunset. Neist Point has basalt rock formations similar to those found on the famous Giant's Causeway in Antrim. Geologists believe that the rock formations of the Giant Dam continue underwater, cross the sea and come to the surface at Neist Point. The dramatic landscape of Neist Point attracted the attention of cinematographers. In 2012, scenes from the Keanu Reeves film "47 Ronin" were filmed here, as well as the scenery for the 1996 film "Breaking the Waves". The Neist Point Lighthouse is the starting point for one of the most popular walks on the Isle of Skye, an amazingly scenic walk from the parking lot west of Glendale, offering panoramic views of the Minch Strait and the Western Isles. The walk starts from the public parking lot at the end of the road in Waterstein. Take the B884 through Glendale and turn left onto a single-track road with a Waterstein sign. The bear turned left at the first intersection, staying on Waterstein Road.

Chapter 6: The survey

To find out what students know about the sights of Scotland, we conducted a survey among grades 5-7. We asked 10 questions (see Appendix 1).

Children had to choose one of two variants of answers. 100 students took part in the survey (see Appendix 2). Then we calculated the results of the survey and made the chart (see Appendix 3). Thus we understood what sights to show in our booklet and to tell the children about them.

Conclusion

We started our project in September. In our group of students we put up a goal

to study the history and the origin of some attractions in Scotland. According to these goal we made some tasks. We found out more about history of Scotland, learnt about the most popular attractions and their origin, conducted a survey on the sights of Scotland, made a booklet of the most common sights of Scotland. We learned that Scotland is one of the most beautiful places in Britain, which is famous for its magnificent dramatic landscapes. Here, history surrounds almost everywhere, revealing the veils of secrets of legendary battles, romantic ruins and old stone churches. Scotland is a country of amazing diversity, where you can find almost a complete set of tourist attractions: beautiful medieval cities, fabulous castles and beautiful natural landscapes. We made a survey that helped us to choose the sights to tell about. We have selected and systematized theoretical and illustrative material about the different sights of Scotland and made a booklet of some of them. It will be possible to highlight this topic among the students of the school and show them the sights through a presentation and a booklet.

Literature/Internet resources

Appendix 1

1. Edinburgh Castle is

-an ancient fortress (65%)

- a palace (35%)

2. The building of National Gallery of Scotland was designed

-in a neoclassical style (33%)

- gothic (67%)

3. Camera Obscura and World of Illusions is located in

­­- Edinburgh (55%)

-Belfast(45%)

4. The Royal Mile is Edinburgh’s

- most famous street(47%)

­- museum(53%)

5. What museum was first on the place of Riverside Museum

­- Glasgow Museum of Transport (1964–2011)(38%)

- Grampian Transport Museum(62%)

6. What river runs along the north side of the Gardens

-The River Kelvin(26%)

-Clyde(74%)

7. Cairngorms national park in Scotland has following aims:

-to conserve and enhance the natural and cultural heritage of the area and to promote sustainable use of the natural resources of the area (35%)

- to entertain people (65%)

8. Balmoral Castle  is

-A residence of the British royal family(80%)

-a residence of an American president(20%)

9. Glamis Castle is

- the childhood home of Queen Elizabeth(78%)

- Prince Charles (22%)

10. Neist point Lighthouse is located on

- on the Isle of Skye in Scotland (55%)

- on the Isle of Mull (45%)

Appendix 2

Appendix 3