Сборник заданий для развития функциональной (читательской) грамотности на уроках английского языка в 10 классах общеобразовательной школы (на базе сплошных и несплошных текстов)

Муниципальное бюджетное образовательное учреждение

средняя школа № 2

Сборник заданий для развития функциональной (читательской) грамотности на уроках английского языка в 10 классах общеобразовательной школы (на базе сплошных и несплошных текстов)

составитель

учитель 1 категории

Звонкова Татьяна Юрьевна

Смоленск 2021

Пояснительная записка

Часто говорят, что чтение - это одно из истинных удовольствий жизни. Однако чтение на своем родном языке - это одно, а чтение на другом языке - совсем другое, что влечет за собой определенные трудности для учащихся. Проблемы грамотности, образования, культуры, чтения являются особенно значимыми в наши дни и выходят на уровень проблем, от которых зависит благополучие нации.

Читательская грамотность – способность человека понимать и использовать письменные тексты, размышлять о них и заниматься чтением для того, чтобы достигать своих целей, расширять свои знания и возможности, участвовать в социальной жизни.

Функциональная грамотность –способность человека вступать в отношения с внешней средой и максимально быстро адаптироваться и функционировать в ней.

О существовании функциональной грамотности мы узнаем, только столкнувшись с ее отсутствием. Поэтому приходится говорить не столько о функциональной грамотности, сколько о функциональной безграмотности, что является одним из определяющих факторов, тормозящих развитие общественных отношений. Поэтому проблема функциональной грамотности рассматривается обычно не как научная и смысловая проблема, а как проблема деятельностная, как проблема поиска механизмов и способов ускоренной ликвидации безграмотности.

Чем понятие «чтение» отличается от понятия «функциональное чтение»? Чтение – это технология интеллектуального развития, способ обретения культуры, посредник в общении, средство для решения жизненных проблем. Без чтения невозможно интеллектуальное развитие и самообразование, которое продолжается в течение всей жизни. Функциональное чтение –это чтение с целью поиска информации для решения конкретной задачи или выполнения определенного задания. При функциональном чтении применяются приемы просмотрового чтения (сканирования) и аналитического чтения (выделение ключевых слов, подбор цитат, составление схем, графиков, таблиц). Ученик, у которого сформированы навыки функционального чтения, может «свободно использовать навыки чтения и письма для получения информации из текста – для его понимания, сжатия, преобразования и т.д.

Выделяют три группы читательских умений:

1) Ориентация в содержании текста (умение определять главную тему, общую цель или назначение текста; выбирать из текста или придумать заголовок; формулировать тезис, выражающий общий смысл текста; объяснять порядок частей, содержащихся в тексте; находить в тексте требуемую информацию и т.п.).

2) Преобразование и интерпретация текста (умение преобразовывать текст, используя новые формы представления информации: формулы, графики, диаграммы, таблицы; сравнивать и противопоставлять заключённую в тексте информацию разного характера; обнаруживать в тексте доводы в подтверждение выдвинутых тезисов и т.п.).

3) Оценка информации (откликаться на содержание текста; оценивать утверждения, сделанные в тексте, исходя из своих представлений о мире; находить доводы в защиту своей точки зрения и т.п.).

Овладение этими умениями и означает «смысловое чтение», которое является фундаментом всех обозначенных в новом стандарте результатов образования.

В своей практике учителя часто сталкиваются с многочисленными проблемами и затруднениями обучающихся при работе с иноязычным текстом, а именно: учащиеся не знают значений многих слов,не умеют читать диаграммы,не умеют озаглавить текст, не понимают смысла написанного, не могут выделить ключевые слова, не в состоянии сформулировать вопрос, не могут выбрать способ решения задачи, не умеют актуализировать наличные умения, не могут перенести знания и умения из одной области на другую, часто подменяют задание на более привычное, знакомое.

Английский язык – учебный предмет, познавательная ценность которого чрезвычайно высока: на таких уроках формируется мышление, прививается чувство любви к иностранному языку, через язык осмысливаются общечеловеческие ценности, воспитывается личность, с помощью языка происходит интеллектуальное развитие ребенка, усвоение всех других учебных дисциплин.

В формировании функциональной грамотности учащихся способствуют задания с использованием сплошных и несплошных текстов.

К сплошным текстам относят тексты, читаемые в повседневной жизни:

• описание (отрывок из рассказа, стихотворения, описание человека, места, предмета и т.д.);

• повествование (рассказ, стихотворение, повесть, басня, письмо, статья в газете или журнале, статья в учебнике, инструкция, реклама, краткое содержание фильма, спектакля, пост блога, материалы различных сайтов и т.д.);

• рассуждение (сочинение-размышление, комментарий, аргументация собственного мнения).

К несплошным текстам относятся графики, диаграммы, таблицы, схемы (кластеры), географические карты и карты местности, план помещения, входные билеты, расписание движения транспорта, карты сайтов и т.д.

Основные требования к тексту, направленному на формирование навыков функциональной читательской грамотности:

1) Текст должен быть ученику интересен.

2) Текст должен содержать неизвестную ученику информацию. Но, при этом, актуальную для ученика.

3) Уровень трудности текста должен соответствовать возрасту ученика.

4) Объем текста не должен превышать норму (исходя из уровня и возраста учащихся).

5) Текст должен развивать кругозор.

6) Текст может быть взят из "реальной жизни"

7)Текст не должен быть перегружен цифрами, датами, терминами.

8) Иллюстрации не отвлекают, а помогают разобраться в содержании текста.

9) Текст должен быть структурирован: заголовок, абзацы, прямая речь и т.д.

10) При необходимости нужно адаптировать текст.

11) В тексте иллюстрации должны способствовать развитию познавательной активности.

12) В тексте не должно быть ошибок.

13) Содержание текста должно опираться на жизненный опыт ребенка.

Данное методическое пособие содержит 15 сплошних и 15 несплошных текстов. После каждого текста предложены 3 разных задания для проверки понимания прочитанного.

Unbroken texts

Text № 1

THE MASK OF BEAUTY

1. ________________________ The green ocean sparkles in the sunshine and tall palm trees wave gently in the wind. Young women roller-skate along the pavement, a young sun-tanned lifeguard walks along the beach. This is Huntingdon Beach, just south of Los Angeles, where everyone seems to be young and beautiful. 2. _________________________ It is also the home of successful surgeon, Dr Stephen Marquardt, who believes that he has discovered a scientific formula for measuring beauty. And in a city like Los Angeles, where being attractive means everything, this kind of knowledge could be worth a fortune. 3. _________________________ He is by no means the first person to try to discover exactly what makes people attractive. The ancient Greeks were among the first to look into the question. Plato believed that it should be possible to define a beautiful face in terms of mathematics. Over the centuries, others continued the hunt for the formula, but without any real success. 4. _________________________ Dr Marquardt, however, says he has now found the answer. He has developed a practical way of measuring beauty, which he calls “the mask”. This is the series of lines and shapes making up a face. There are specific, set distances between all the features and the outside shape, and it shows the exact proportions that the ideally beautiful face should have. 5.__________________________ By laying the mask over a photograph of a face, it is possible to see how attractive someone is – the more a face fits the mask, the more beautiful it is said to be. The fact that the mak can measure the beauty of men, women and people, of different races makes it a particularly useful instrument. 6. __________________________ It is alarming to think that, if we all start changing the way we look, there may soon be thousands of individuals wandering the streets of Los Angeles looking exactly the same. But it is even more alarming that people may begin to think they are unattractive if their face does not have the proportions of Dr Markquardt's mask. 7. __________________________ This would be a great mistake, because there are two sorts of beauty – one is the beauty of the mask, the measurable beauty of the face. The other sort is the kind that we see when we love someone, a much more powerful, enduring beauty that comes from the heart. This is the beauty expressed by poets, the beauty that does not fade, and it is something that no plastic surgeon on earth can give you.

1. Read the text and choose the headings for each paragraph.

a. An adaptable tool

b. The latest solution

c. An unsuccessful search

d. Forever beautiful

e. An important discovery?

f. The face without lines

g. Worrying thoughts

h. Land of youth and beauty

2. Read the sentences and write T(true), F (false), NS (Not stated):

a. You can see attractive people on the beaches of Los Angeles. T/F/NS.

b. To be attractive is a crucial point in the career in movies. T/F/NS.

c. Roman people were first to think about how beauty is important for success. T/F/NS.

d. Dr Marquardt invented a set of rules to measure the beauty of face. T/F/NS.

e. The mask can measure the beauty of all human faces. T/F/NS.

f. Dr Marquard's mask can be harmful for human self-esteem. T/F/NS.

g. There are three sorts of beauty. T/F/NS.

3. Correct the mistakes in the sentences:

a. Dr Stephen Marquardt believes that he has discovered a scientific formula for measuring health.

____________________________________________________________________

b. Plato believed that it should be possible to define a beautiful face in terms of biology.

____________________________________________________________________

c. Dr Stephen Marquardt has developed a practical way of measuring beauty, which he calls “the coat”.

____________________________________________________________________

d. By laying the mask over a photograph of a face, it is possible to see how clever someone is – the more a face fits the mask, the more beautiful it is said to be.

____________________________________________________________________

e. But it is even more alarming that people may begin to think they are stupid if their face does not have the proportions of Dr Markquardt's mask.

____________________________________________________________________

f. There are two sorts of beauty – one is the beauty of the mask, the undescribable beauty of the face. The other sort is the kind that we see when we love someone, a much more intelligent, enduring beauty that comes from the heart.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

Text № 2

THINGS THAT GO BUMP IN THE NIGHT

Are you interested in ghosts? Do you need any advice about where to find them? Here's some information about ghosts in Britain. We're not promising you'll find any ghostly activities, but if you have time, you might like to carry out your own invertigation! A Glasgow The Theatre Royal is haunted by the spirit of a cleaning lady, Nora. B Preston The 13th-century Chingle Hall, three miles north west of Preston, is said to be England's most haunted house. C Manchester The Grey Man of the Great Western Hotel wears a grey sweater and is apparently most often seen in the cellars. D Birmingham The beautiful Jacobean mansion of Aston Hall has a heap of ghosts due to a murderous 17 th-century owner. With any luck, you'll see a housekeeper in a green dress with a white collar, a grey lady and a servant who died in the attic. E Gloucester People say the courteous spirits at the Bishop's House help visitors on with their coats. F Swansea The Grand Theatre has a White Lady who leaves a scent of violets. She is thought to be the spirit of a young actress who left the theatre to board the ill-fated Titanic. G Cardiff Cardiff Castle has a giant ghost that is 3 metres tall. H Bristol Leigh Woods, by Clifton Gorge, is said to be haunted by Clifton Suspension Bridge builder, Isambard Kingdom Brunel. I Torquay Torre Abbey has the ghost of a brightly-lit coach and horses, driving a smilin Lady Cary down the avenue. J Brighton Brighton's seaside is home to the spectral 10th-century galley, the Nicolas, which sank with all hands (and pilgrim passengers) returning from Constantinople. K Eastbourne The Devonshire Park Theatre is haunted by a vialonist in evening dress. L Balcombe Tunnel This Tunnel is haunted by four soldiers killed there during the First World War. M York The Treasurer's House is haunted by Roman soldiers N Edinburgh A demonic drummer has banged about the castle since the 17th century and Holyroodhouse has the majestic apparition of Mary, Queen of Scots. O Cupar The Royal Hotel is haunted by a hooded monk.

1. Read the text and complete the frame:

Find words for someone:	Find words for a place:
1. who plays a violin	1. where things are kept underground
2. who fights in wars	2. which is an underground passage
3. who possesses something	3. where people with a lot of money live
4. who plays a loud instrument	4. where a royal family might live
5. who makes a religious journey	5. where plays are performed
6. who constructs something	6. where religious people live
7. who can be the ruler of the country	7. at the top of the house
8. who stays in your house for a short time	8. where people often go on holiday
9. who is a religious person	9. which is covered with trees
10. who works in someone's house	10. which is wide and lined with trees or buildings

2. Answer questions 1-12 by choosing from sections A-O of the article. Some of the sections may be used more than once:

Which section tells you that

• you have more chance of seeing a ghost here ? ____

• these ghosts are not British ? ____

• this ghost is religious ? ____

• this ghostly vision carries one passenger ? ____

• this ghost played a stringed instrument ?____

• this ghost wears a pleasant perfume ? ____

• this ghost is enormous ? ____

• former employees haunt these places? ____ ____

• you are treated kindly by these ghosts ? ____ _____

• this ghostly image is a ship ? _____

• you have to go underground to see this solitary ghost ? _____

• this ghost was a construction engineer ? ____

• this ghost was a monarch ? _____

3. Complete the sentences with right words:

a) The Grey Man of the Great Western Hotel wears a grey ______ and is apparently most often seen in the _______.

b) With any luck, you'll see a _________ in a green dress with a white ______, a grey lady and a servant who _____ in the attic.

c) he Grand Theatre has a White Lady who ______ a scent of violets _______.

d) The Devonshire ______ Theatre is haunted by a ________ in evening dress.

e) The Treasurer's House is _______ by Roman __________.

f) A demonic _________ has banged about _________ since the 17^th century and Holyroodhouse has the majestic ________ of Mary, Queen of Scots.

g) The Royal Hotel is _________ by a hooded ________.

Text № 3

DESERT ISLAND DREAM

Andrew Martin has been living totally alone on a desert island off the coast of Australia for over thirty years. It wasn't easy to set up a meeting with someone who has no telephone and only gets letters every three months, but we finally got in touch and he invited me to visit. As helicopter approached, I found myself looking down on the kind of space that people dream of. Percy Island which is covered in tropical jungle, has golden beaches lined with coconut trees and is set in clear blue sea. When we landed, Andrew Martin was there to greet me, wearing only an old pair of swimming trunks and flip-flops. As we walked to the house, I found out more about him. After visiting his sister in Japan thirty years ago, he travelled to Australia, where he bought a boat. While a friend was teaching him to sail, they stopped by chance at Percy Island. Which was for sale for 16 000 pounds. Andrew, whose boat was worth the same amount, immediately decided to buy it. Originally he planned to stay for a few months and sell it at a profit, but he found that he wanted to stay. Now, even though he could probably sell the island for 20 million pounds, he is not interested. It's too good to sell to a developer who is going to treat it as some kind of toy. To me it's like the most precious jewel in the world. After a forty-five minute walk through the dense jungle, we got to the house, where we were surrounded at once by dogs, chickens, geese ad peacocks. The building was not much more than an old wooden hut with a tin roof. He showed me round, and gave me the time to unpack. The room which he gave me had a marvellous view, but the first thing I noticed was the largest spider I had ever seen. I tried to stay calm, but I got really nervous when I also learned that the whole island was full of poisonous snakes. Andrew told me not to worry. He said that the only ones I was likely to meet were the boa constrictors that hung in the trees near the outside toilet. Over the next few days, I began to see what is was really like to live on a desert island. Percy Island is as beautiful as any exotic holiday advertissment, but Andrew does not spend his time sunbathing and swimming; it is much more dangerous to go in the sea, which is full of sharks and stonefish. He has to work more than most people to provide the things he needs, and makes a little money by selling fruit to boats that come to visit from time to time. He says he never planned to live alone, but it just happened that day. Now he is used to it, and does not miss other people at all. What he enjoys is the feeling of being completely free. Nobody can tell him what to do, and if he does not like anyone who comes to the island, he asks him to leave. On my last day, as I sat on the beach waiting for the flight back to mainland, I was desperately looking forward to getting back to the comforts of modern life. It was a great relief when the helicopter landed and took me away. Soon Percy Island was just another green dot in the deep blue sea. To me, it did not feel at all as if I was leaving paradise; it was like being rescued from hell.

1. Read the text. From questions 1-7 choose the best answers A, B, C, or D:

1) It was hard to arrange a meeting with Andrew because

A he rarely answered the phone

B he lived a long way away

C he did not like visitors

D his post was not delivered very often

2) Andrew first came to Percy Island

A because he had heard it for sale

B while he was on his way to visit his sister

C because he wanted to see a friend

D while he was learning to sail

3) Why was the writer worried?

A There were spiders in the bedroom

B The house was surrounded by animals

C There were a lot of snakes on the island

D The toilet was outside the house

4) Life on the island is not very relaxing because

A he knows it is unsafe to swim in the sea

B he spends most of his time running the small shop

C he has to work very hard to survive

D he gets large numbers of visitors

5) What does the word it in line 89 refer to?

A the hard work

B living by himself

C feeling free

D what happened

6) When the writer left the island,

A he was glad to leave

B he wanted to go back again

C he was tired of being alone

D he was nervous about the flight

2. Read the test and write T(true), F (false), NS (not stated):

a) Andrew Martin has been living with his family on a desert island off the coast of Australia for over twenty years. T/F/NS.

b) When we landed, Andrew Martin was there to greet me, wearing only an old pair of swimming trunks and flip-flops. T/F/NS.

c) Andrew decided to buy the island and build a hotel on it. T/F/NS.

d) Andew's friends come to visit him twice a year. T/F/NS.

e) Andrew learned that the whole island was full of poisonous snakes. T/F/NS.

f) Andrew spend all his time on the beach. T/F/NS.

g) Andrew likes living on the island because nobody tells him what to do. T/F/NS.

h) The author would like to stay on the island forever. T/F/NS.

3. Complete the sentences with right words:

a) It wasn't easy to set up a _______ with someone who has no ________ and only gets letters every three months.

b) After visiting his ________ in Japan thirty years ago, he __________ to Australia, where he bought a boat.

c) Andrew, whose _________ was worth the same amount, _________ decided to buy it.

d) Over the next few days, I _______ to see what is was really like to live on a ________ island.

e) Nobody can tell Andrew what to do, and if he does not like ________ who comes to the island, he asks him to ________.

f) It was a great relief when the _________ landed and took me _______.

g) Soon Percy Island was just ________ green dot in the deep blue ______.

Text № 4

FROM THE HOT STREET OF MALAGA

TO HOLLYWOOD'S HOTTEST PROPERTY

It was a face only mother could love. His skin was bad, his teeth were worse and his nose was far too big for his face. “When I was young I had a lot of spots and one tooth that stuck out. I wasn't a good looking teenager. 1_____ It's impossible not to ask him if he realizes just how handsome he is. It's not just the looks, of course. It's the Spanish accent and more importantly the Mediterranean charm which made Antonio a box office attraction that everyone seems to be crazy about. 2_____ He was brought up in a lower middle-class family. His father, Jose, worked for the police; his mother, Ana, was a teacher and he has a younger brother called Francisco. Apparently, everything was perfectly happy and straightforward until, at the age of 14, he took up acting and joined a local theatre group. 3____ In the beginning it was difficult for them to understand. They told him he had to have a normal career and made him feel as if he was doing something terrible. Ana was soon won over, however, and started a scrapbook, carefully, pasting his reviews into it. 4______ In between, he married a Spanish girl, the actress Ana Leza. But eight years later, the marriage was over and Antonio fell in love with Melanie Griffith. They married in 1996 and at first it was difficult introducing an American star into the family. 5_____. His biggest wish now is to spend more time with his friends and family in Spain. “You know, something curious happens when you leave your own land”, he says. “It's like looking at the painting – you have to be at a certain distance to appreciate it. Then you start feeling lonely and missing where you really belong and those who are close to you. 6_____ He hasn't been able to do this lately because of work but he intends to devote more time to doing what he calls all the “normal things” in life – seeing friends, spending some time alone, having dinner, talking about movies – that's what he likes to do best of all!

1. Read the missing sentences A-G below and then read the text again. Choose the sentence which best fits each gap 1-6.

A. He says he was the fist one to do so in his family and they didn't approve at all.

B. However, after their daughter Estella del Carmen was born his parents were, once again, won over.

C. His parents are old and he needs to take an active part in their lives now.

D. Banderas was born in 1961 with lots of this, as the family photograph albums, back home in his native Malaga, reveal.

E. All was forgiven until, at the age of 19, he decided to head for the bright lights of Madrid and then, which was far worse, leave Spain to try his luck in Hollywood.

F. He's flattered by the reviews for his fork in films like Philadelphia and Evita.

G. What a difference time makes – for today, sipping tea in the lobby of the elegant Ritz-Carlton hotel in Los Angeles, Banderas now looks even better in real life than he does on the screen.

2. Read the text and write T (True), F (False), NS (Not Stated):

a) As a teenager Banderas was very attractive. T/F/NS.

b) His special voice makes Antonio attractive. T/F/NS.

c) Antonio family had a lot of children. T/F/NS.

d) At the age of 14 Antonio joined a local theatre group. T/F/NS.

e) His biggest wish now is to spend more time with his friends and family in Spain. T/F/NS.

f) Antonio would like to part part in Italian films. T/F/NS.

g) Antonio would like to spend more time with his family and friends. T/F/NS.

3. Read the sentences and choose the right word:

a) When Antonio was young he had a lot of (scars/spots/whinkles) and one tooth that stuck out.

b) It's not just the looks, of course. It's the Spanish (voice/name/accent) and more importantly the Mediterranean charm which made Antonio a box office attraction that everyone seems to be (mad/worried/crazy) about.

c) His father, Jose, worked for the police; his mother, Ana, was a (nurse/housewife/teacher) and he has a younger brother called (Nicolas/Thomas/Francisco).

d) But eight years later, the marriage was over and Antonio (met/married/fell in love) with Melanie Griffith.

e) Antonio says that if you are far from your relatives you start feeling (sad/excited/lonely) and missing where you really belong and those who are close to you.

Text № 5

MEGABUCKS AND MEGABYTES

Computer software has made Joyce and Larry Lacerte and their family rich enough to build their dream house – an enormous computer-controlled mansion complete with swimming pool, baseball pitch, miniature estate cars for racing round the grounds, and tennis court, in a leafy Dallas suburb. There are so many rooms in the house itself that to send messages to family members they need intercoms, absolutely essential in a house where it could take half an hour to find somebody. It is morning in the kitchen. Sitting in line at the huge breakfast barin order of age from two to eleven are their seven children. The daily printout from the master computer in the attic with its five gigabytes of memory has already told them what the day holds for them by producing a list of activities for each member of the family. The computer has also recorded the outside temperature, the air pressure, the wind direction and speed. Inside the house it controls the lights, the room temperatures, each child's computer, the back-up generator, the TV sets and the massive security system which protects the property. In addition to the main computer, each child has his or her own computer station, complete with laser printer, just like Larry's. It takes an army of helpers, dozens of machines and clockwork precision to make it all work. But then precision is something the family knows all about, for this is a house that computers have designed. Larry is a founder of the company which has built up its business providing computer software for small firms. Larry talks as he takes us on a four-hour tour of the mansion. “I've always been fascinated by computers. In fact, I was brought up with them – worked with them since the age of fourteen! I've been lucky, though, because I've always had good people to work for me. But I think my real strength is that I've done every single job in the company myself, so I know just what's elvolved in each one. We've got three hundred and fifteen employees at the moment and we've still taking people on. That's not to say that we haven't has some scary moments, of course. Like when we had to borrow money to pay the bills. I really hated being in debt, but it's actually worked out well for us. We're also bought four or five other small companies along the way. I suppose we came to Dallas mainly for the children's sake, because the schools here are wonderful... and I've also worked out that I get a couple of hours a day more with the children – you see, the office is so close to home!” The children are very important to Larry and Joyce. Particularly when Larry thought that he might not live to see them grow up. Three years ago the doctors thought that he had a brain tumour and the future looked grim. “It's changed the way I think about my family, the way I look at life, even though everything seems to be all right now”, says Larry. “I don't want to give up my job, but I don't want to work as hard as I did before!”

1. Read the text and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for questions 1-7:

a) What disadvantages is mentioned about living in a big house like Larry's?

- It is very expensive to provide lighting and heating

- It is easy for someone to try and break in

- It can be difficult to communicate with family

- It takes too long to walk from one room to another

b) What does what the day holds for them in lines 26-27 mean?

- what problems might arise during the day

- what arrangements have been made for that day

- what they must achieve during the day

- what they have been adviced to do that day

c) What does Larry do for a living?

- He works for several small companies

- He makes electrical goods

- He designs dream houses

- He has his own computer business

d) What does Larry think is the secret behind his successful career?

- his educational background

- his knowledge of the business

- his friends and family

- his strong financial position

e) What does one refer to in line 69?

- each member of staff

- each company

- each type of job

- each computer

f) Larry said that he moved to Dallas

- to manage some smaller companies

- to be nearer the office he works in

- to build a dream house for the family

- to give the children a good education

g) What changed Larry's outlook on life?

- having children

- being ill

- working away from home

- moving to Dallas

2. Read the sentences and correct the mistakes:

a) There are so many bathrooms in the house itself that to send messages to family members they need telephones, absolutely essential in a house where it could take half an hour to hide somebody.

b) The weekly printout from the master computer in the wardrobe with its five gigabytes of memory has already told them what the day holds for them by producing a list of poems for each member of the family.

c) The computer has also recorded the outside moisture, the air pressure, the wind direction and speed. Inside the house it controls the lights, the room heating, each child's computer, the back-up generator, the TV sets and the massive electricity system which protects the property.

d) We've got two hundred and fifteen servants at the moment and we've still taking people on.

e) I suppose we came to London mainly for the children's sake, because the parks here are wonderful... and I've also worked out that I get a couple of minutes a day more with the children – you see, the office is so close to the swimming pool!”

f) Three years ago the shop assistants thought that he had a brain tumour and the life looked grim.

3. Read the sentences and write T (True), F (False), NS (Not stated):

a) Computer software has made Joyce and Larry Lacerte and their family rich enough to build their hotel at the seaside. T/F/NS.

b) There are so many rooms in the house that it could take half an hour to find somebody. T/F/NS.

c) Larry is a founder of the company which has built up its business providing computer software for foreign online shops. T/F/NS.

d) Larry decides to move to Dallas because he wanted to find a new job. T/F/NS.

e) Larry changed his attitude to his family because he had problems with money. T/F/NS.

f) Larry has been fond of computers since he was 7 years old. T/F/NS.

g) Larry bought his first computer at the age of 15. T/F/NS.

Text № 6

THRILLS AND SPILLS

You thought that sport had anything to do with health, then think again. Here are some of the latest sports people have invented to scare themselves to death. Any of these sports will give you a thrill, but we've awarded them 1 to 5 broken legs to show just how dangeous they are. A Jet Belting If para-glading seems to be a bit safe to you, why not do what James Bond did on screen 20 years ago and take to the skies in a jet belt? They were originally invented in the 1960s, but new materials and fuels have now made the jet belt much more practical. You may remember seeing one at the Los Angeles Olympics. The Texas Flying Belt company have made the latest version that uses a jet of super-heated air to give lift-off. Take-off and flying are fairly safe, but it's probably worth mentioning that you might have a few problems when you get round to landing. You can't afford to make a mistake. At the moment, flight times are short, but the makers are thinking of selling a version that can fly for well over an hour, so jet-belting is bound to become a big hit in the near future. Prepare yourself for the thrill of a lifetime. B Air chair We'd suggest taking up the air chir if you're either lazy or useless at sport. Basically the equipment is a water ski with a seat on top, and the whole thing lifts out of water. You are strapped to the seat. The air chair can give so much lift in one jump that the results are spectacular – when you're learned to do it, jumping out of the water, twisting the chair and trying to land again in a real challenge and a real thrill. If you ever feel like giving up because it's too hard, then just remember this. The air chair was designed by Mike Murphy, whose 77 year-old mum loves doing it. You don't intend to be beaten by a pensioner, do you? C Street Luge You're up in the hills above Hollywood, and you're about to race, feet first, down a steep road. You can't halp feeling scared. That's ok. Street luge has that effect. It's a version of the skateboard, but is longer and more stable. This is a good thing when you realize that you can expect to go over 150 km an hour. Street luge appears to be a great way to hurt yourself unless you do it at official meetings that are properly run and supervised – don't even consider doing it on ordinary road. You'll need a decent race suit and special shoes, because your boots are your brakes. What does it feel like? Well, just imagine being in a bed that someone has turned into a powerful motorbike! B.A.S.E. Jumping There's one thing you need above all else when you go B.A.S.E. Jumping – nerves of steel. B.A.S.E. Stands for Buildings, Antennae, Span, Earth. Which is another way of saying jumping off high objects. If you aren't used to skydiving, then forget it – you need to have incredibly fast reflexes because you have to open the parachute at exactly the right moment. It's easy to see why B.A.S.E. jumping is so exciting – you really do risk being seriously injured. B.A.S.E. jumping is against the law in the UK and America, so you'll have to go to France or Norway if you want to try it where you're allowed to jump. And think very carefully before you decide to have a go – more than 20 people have already died looking for this kind of thrill.

1. Read the sentences and put missing words:

a. The Texas Flying Belt company have made the latest _______ that uses a jet of super-heated air to give _______.

b. At the moment, flight times are ______, but the makers are thinking of selling a ______ that can fly for well over an hour, so _______ is bound to become a big hit in the near future.

c. Basically the _________ is a water ski with a seat on top, and the whole thing lifts out of _______.

d. If you ever feel like ______ up because it's too hard, then just __________ this.

e. The air chair was ________ by Mike Murphy, whose 77 year-old mum _____ doing it.

f. Street luge has that _______. It's a version of the skateboard, but is longer and more ______.

2. Which statement refers to which sport (A-D):

a. You do not need great athletic skills to do this. ____

b. Some people have been killed doing this. ____

c. You need to have very fast reactions. ____

d. This sport involves going downhill very fast. ____

e. This sport is forbidden in some countries. ____

f. You require special clothing. ____

g. This can be enjoyed by a wide age range. _____

h. Only do this if you have had experience of a similar sport. ____

i. This sport was in a film a long time ago. ____

j. This sport should only be done at organized events. ____

k. This sport will soon become more popular. ____

l. This sport becomes more exciting as you get more experienced. _____

m. Better technology is still being developped for this sport. ____

3. Find a word or phrase from the text that means:

Section A 1. in a film ___________

2. a great success _________

Section B 3. no good at _________

4. a difficult task _________

Section C 5. afraid ______

6. organized _______

Section D 7. very quick reactions ______

8. forbidden _______

Text № 7

WHAT WON'T BE AROUND IN 50 YEARS' TIME

1. _____________________________ A combination of larger population and greaters demands on resourses will result in water becoming scarcer and all households will have water meters. There will, however, be a number of water-saving ideas, such as low-water washing methods. Dirty crockery and cutlery will be put in an ultrasound machine – from which they will come out spotless. Newly developped materials will not only be dirt-shedding but will also be crease-resistant and self-pressing. 2. ______________________________ In some countries only one in two marriages lasts, so marriage will almost certainly become less popular in the future. Instead of marrying for life, the majority of people will enter into voluntary partnership and sigh an agreement for a specific period of time. At the end of that time, it will be possible to renew the agreement of both partners want to. The rise of single-parent families will continue and, as the population increases, we may even introduce a tax system which encourages people to have no more than one child. 3. ______________________________ The sea may be fashionable but the sun will be a definite no-no. The ozone hole is now an accepted fact and is expected to get worse – even if we stop producing all the CFCs which are thought to be causing it, there are already enough in the atmosphere to continue their deadly work for another 75 years. A suntanned skin will be a sign of ill-health and no-one will lie on beaches risking their lives for that important suntan. 4. ______________________________ As the average age of the population increases, medical costs will also go up. In future, we won't visit doctors. Family doctors will no longer exist, and, in their place will come self-examination by computers. You'll be able to carry out most of your own medical tests and check-ups at home and you'll be able to transmit the results, with a description of any symptoms, to a medical centre. Any medecines needed will be sent by post or special delivery. 5. ______________________________ Wish fewer jobs and many people available for work, job-sharing will be common. The working week could be only 15 hours, and most of those who are in full-time jobs will have short-term contracts. Welfare benefits will disappear as goverments cut back on spending. So start saving for your private pension and redundancy insurance now. 6. _______________________________ People in the next century won't have to deal with the congested roads of today. Cities and towns centres will increasingly be car-free with hundreds of moving walkways to assist an ageing population. Public transport will become more popular and, within 10 years fron now, most electric cars will offer the same performance as petrol and diesel vehicles. 7. _______________________________ Enjoy the feeling of coins jingling in your pocket while you can, as one day they'll be nothing but a distant memory. Notes and coins will gradually disappear and be replaced by a central computer system. The local high street bank will vanish, and all our personal banking will be done on special telephone lines.

1. Read the list of headings and then read the text. Choose the most suitable headings from the list A-H for each part (1-7) of the article.

A. Convenient health care.

B. Don't rely on others to look after you.

C. Say goodbye to traffic jams.

D. Forget the annual seaside holiday

E. A return to traditional values

F. Until we get fed up with each other

G. No more purses and wallets

H. New ways of cleaning things

2. In pairs, find words and expressions in the text which mean the same as those below. The words are listed according to the paragraphs in which they appear.

- in shorter supply/plates, cups, etc./knives, forks, etc./very clean

- done willingly/put your name to something

- something not advised/fatal

- send/signs of illness

- usual/having lost your job

- blocked/getting older/cars, lorries, etc.

-little by little/become impossible to see (2 words)

3. Find the right ending for the sentences:

a. There will be a number of water-saving ideas, such as

- increase of the payment for water

- low-water washing methods

- reduction of the number of sinks in the house

b. Instead of marrying for life, the majority of people

- will enter into voluntary partnership

- will stay single all life

- will live with their parents

c. A suntanned skin will be

- a sign of rich people

- a sign of stardom

- a sign of ill-health

d. Family doctors will no longer exist, and, in their place

- will come self-examination by computers.

- will come modern hospitals

- will come only professional nurses

e. The working week could be only 15 hours, and most of those who are in full-time jobs

- will have three days off

- will have short-term contracts.

- will have long summer holidays

f. The local high street bank will vanish, and all our personal banking will be done

- on special telephone lines.

- via what's up

- via e-mail

Text № 8

TRAVEL GAMES

Long car journeys can be pretty boring – especially if you are using motorways. Before too long everyone is fighting over what cassette to put on or what radio station to listen to – Dad wants the football, Mum wants the classical music station, someone else wants heavy metal and nobody can agree. One way is to play some kind of game as you are driving along. The following travel games might be just the thing when tempers are getting frayed or when you simply want to have some fun. A OBSERVATION With your partners, make a list of ten items you are likely to see out of the window on your journey such as a woman with a pram, a boy on a bicycle, somebody hitchhiking, a bank, a statue, etc. Each player has to try and spot the ten items first. When a player sees one of the objects, he or she shouts out and claims it; it cannot be used by other players. The one to spot all the items first is the winner. B CRAZY STORIES Each player takes it in turns to be the story-teller. During the story he or she will make the occasional deliberate mistake which the other players will have to try and spot. When they do, they must shout out and the first one to shout gets a point. An example of a mistake would be: "I went to the football pitch and had a game of golf. While I was there I met a little girl who was my nephew". There are two mistakes here as you do not play golf on a football pitch and she was his niece, not his nephew. Now you can have a go. C ADDING UP Each player picks a number between 10 and 20. The object of the game is to find car number plates which add up to your chosen number. For example, if you chose the number 17 then a number plate of F458 GHU would be a success. However a number plate of D981 SYT would be of no use to you. The first player to spot his or her number wins the round. Everyone chooses another number and the game begins again. Continue until one player has won three rounds. D ANIMALS, VEGETABLE OR MINERAL? One player has to think of an object, but all he or she tells the others is whether it is an animal, a vegetable, or a mineral. Mineral can be used for all objects which are not animal or vegetable. For example, a horse or an egg would be animal. A tomato or a loaf of bread would be vegetable. A diamond ring would be mineral. The other players have to try and find out what the object is by asking questions which the player is only allowed to answer with a "Yes" or "No". If you think you know what the object is, you can ask a question like: "Is it a horse?" If the answer is "yes", you win. If no one has guessed the object after 20 questions, the person who thought of the object wins. E I WENT ON A TRIP One player begins, "I went on a trip and took a fishing net. The next player says, "I went on a trip and took a fishing net and my bowler hat”. The next in turn says, "I went on a trip and took a fishing net, my bowler hat and a backet and spade". The game continues until one of three players forgets something on the list. Start again with a new list.

1. Read the sentences and write T (True), F (False), NS (Not Stated):

a. Travelling by plane is more boring than travelling by car. T/F/NS.

b. The sense of the game the Crazy Stories is to correct mistakes of the story-teller. T/F/NS.

c. The game the Crazy Stories are only for adults. T/F/NS.

d. The game Adding Up consists of five rounds. T/F/NS.

e. Players in Adding Up game should choose a number between 5 and 10. T/F/NS.

f. In Animals, Vegetable or Mineral game players should give full answers. T/F/NS.

g. In Animals, Vegetable or Mineral game players can't ask more than 20 questions. T/F/NS.

h. The crucial point in the game I went on a trip is not to forget the list of the words. T/F/NS.

2. Complete the sentences with the right word:

a. Long car journeys can be pretty ________ – especially if you are using __________.

b. Mum wants the _________ music station, someone else wants _________ and nobody can agree.

c. When a player sees one of the ________, he or she shouts out and _______ it; it cannot be used by other players.

d. The other players have to try and _______ what the object is by asking questions which the player is only ______ to answer with a "Yes" or "No".

e. If no one has guessed the object after 20 questions, the person who _______ of the object ______.

f. One player has to ______ of an object, but all he or she ______ the others is whether it is an animal, a vegetable, or a mineral.

g. The game _______ until one of three players ______ something on the list. Start again with a new list.

3. Read the instructions of the games and make up your own travel game:

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

Text № 9

THE OTHER JACKSON

Janet Jackson, the youngest of nine children, was born in 1966. She became a child star of American TV soaps after being spotted in a television appearance with her brothers, The Jackson Five. In the past ten years she has recorded five albums, the last two of them providing her with twelve American Top five singles. Initially overshadowed by her brothers and sisters, she has now become famousin her own right. As a female single star, only a handful of others artists – Madonna, Whitney Houston and Gloria Estefan, for example – provide her with serious competition. Janet managed to create a new art form, a mixture of music, dance and fashion which is perfect for the video age. She is small and rather shy which makes her seem vulnerable. She is also much more natural than many of today's star. Janet was born in Gary, Indiana, but moved with her family to the West Coast when she was two. She was brought up in the deluxe Jackson compound in Encino, California, with its own zoo and private cinema. She would turn on the TV to find cartoon likeliness of her brothers dancing to “ABC” and “I want you back”. By the age of seven she was performing in the family's live stage act. Janet and her brother Randy would do impressions of Sonny & Cher, W.C. Fields and Mea West. Then came the enrolment in Valley Professional, a school for children in the entertainment business, small parts of TV series and a recording contract with A&M Records. At the age of eighteen she moved away from the family to live in New York. She then secretly married Motown singer James DeBarge. The marriage only lasted sixty days and ended in annulment. “All my life I had people telling me what to do. I wanted to do something on my own. So I ran away to get married”. Janet came from a large, tight-knit family with a dominant and ambitious father who turned from his own miror music career to direct those of his children. Trying to become independent and gain control of her life must have been very difficult. It would be understandable if she had had to give up some things. Does she have any regrets? “No. None. If I had my life to live all over again, I'd do it exactly the same. Everything I experienced, good or bad, was for a reason, and that was to prepare me for today and tomorrow.

1. Read the article and find the right answer:

a) How did Janet Jackson become a TV star?

- Someone saw her performing with her brothers on TV.

- Her brothers saw her performing on TV.

- She made a debut on the radio

b) Why was her childhood unusual?

- It was exciting because her family moved so often.

- It was unusual because her family were very rich and famous

- It was happy because she had a lot of pets

c) Why did she move away and get married?

- Because she wanted to be independent

- Because she didn't want anyone to come to the wedding

- Because she wanted to earn some money

d) How does she feel about her life so far?

- She feels that the things that have happened to her have prepared her well for the life she leads.

- She feels sorry about some things that happened in the past and wishes she could change them.

- She feels very tired, because it is quite difficult to be a star.

2. Read the sentences and correct the mistakes:

- She became a child star of American TV soaps after being spotted in a radio programme with her family, The Jackson Five.

- As a female single actress, only a handful of others singers – Madonna, Whitney Houston and Gloria Estefan, for example – provide her with serious conflict.

- Janet was born in Gary, Luisiana, but moved with her husband to the West Coast when she was three.

- By the age of six she was performing in the family's live ground act.

- Then came the entrance in Valley Professional, a school for girls in the entertainment business, small parts of TV series and a recording contract with A&M Records.

- Janet came from a large, tight-knit family with a serious and ambitious father who turned from his own miror film career to direct those of his children.

3. Chose the words from the text and make a lexical set “entertainment”

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Text № 10

WHEN A COMPUTER ERROR IS A FATAL MISTAKE

Our lives depend on computers. They control our money, transport, our exam results. Yet their programme are now so complex that no one get get rid of all the mistakes. 1.______________________ Life without computers has become unimaginable. They are designed to look after so many boring but essential tasks – from microwave cooking to flying across the Atlantic – that have become dependent on them. 2. _____________________ But as demands placed on computers grow, so have the number of incidents involving computer errors. Now computer experts are warning that the traditional ways of building computer systems are just not good enough to deal with complex tasks like flying planes or maintaining nuclear power stations. It is only a matter of time before a computer-made catastrophe occurs. 3. _____________________ As early as 1889, a word entered the language that was to become all too familiar to computer scientists: a “bug”, meaning mistake. For decades bugs and “de-bugging” were taken to be part of every computer engineer's job. Everyone accepted that there would always be some mistakes in any new system. But “safety critical” systems that fly planes, drive trains or control nuclear power stations can have bugs that could kill. This is obviously unacceptable. 4.______________________ One way to stop bugs in computer system is to get different teams of programmes to work in isolation from each other. That way, runs the theory, they won't all make type of mistake when designing and writing computer codes. In fact researches shows that programmes think alike, have the same type of training – and make similar mistakes. So even if they work separately, mistakes can still occur. Another technique is to produce back up systems that start to operate when the first system fails. This has been used on everything from the space shuttle to the 320 airbus, bus unfortunately problems that cause one computer to fail can make all the others fail, too. 5. ______________________ A growing number of computer safety experts believe the time has come to stop trying to “patch up” computer systems. They say programmers have to learn to think clearly and be able to demonstrate through mathematical symbols that the program cannot go seriously wrong. Until programmers learn to do this, we will probably just have to live with the results of computer bugs. 6. _______________________ Of course, more often than not the errors are just annoying, but sometimes they can come close to causing tragedies. On the Piccadily line in London's Underground a driver who was going south along a track got confused while moving his empty train through a cross-over point. He started to head north straight at a south-bound train full of people. The computerised signalling system failed to warn him of imending disaster and it was only his quick human reactions that prevented a crash.

1. Read the following articles about computer errors and decide which of these two plans the writer followed:

A * Describe the situation * Describe a problem * Describe unsatisfactory solutions * State the problem again

B * Ask a question * Answer the question * Give specific examples * Ask another question

2. Now read the article again and choose a heading for each pararaph from the list below. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use.

A. An old problem with serious consequences.

B. Two new approaches, but can they solve the problem?

C. A potentially tragic error.

D. But are they here to stay?

E. Experts say “Bring back maths!”

F. Old methods are no longer satisfactory.

G. We couldn't live without them.

3. Find words or phrases in the text with the following meanings:

1. impossible to imagine (para. 1) _________

2. needing support from (para. 1) _________

3. long-established, conventional (para. 1) _______

4. sudden great disaster (para. 1) _______

5. often seen or heard (para. 2) ______

6. not good enough (para. 2) ______

7. separately (para. 3) _____

8. support (para. 4) _____

9. terrible events that cause great sadness (para. 5) _____

10. about to happen (para. 5) _____

Text № 11

The world is devided into the "haves" and the "have nots": those who have their names used in popular songs and the rest. The "haves" include anyone named Eleanor, Carol, Bernadette, Maria, Frankie or Johnnie. Girls called Sue or Suzie are especially fortunate, what with "Wake up Little Suzie" and so on. The "have-nots", a large unhappy group, include people named Graham, Bruce, Jacqueline and a great many others. Anyone with a name like these is likely to go through life without ever hearing their name in a song on the radio or anywhere else. But help is at hand, Serge Romano has started a business called "Songs for you" in Melbourne, Australia. Anyone can have a song written, recorded, preserved and presented to fit their specifications. Serge got the idea for "Songs for you" about a year ago when he and his wife Cathy were at a wedding. "The groom had got a song done for his bride. The reaction from her and the bridesmaids and other guests was fantastic. A little while later I was discussing it with friends, and it struck me that this could really take off. Aiming at the wedding and engagement market, the Romans advertise on cards in florists and photographers' studios, but they will also take requests for songs for birthdays, Christmas and anniversaries. The minimum fee is 300 $. For this, clients get a recorded version of their song on cassette (a CD is extra), plus a framed copy of the lyrics. The creative process begins with a client filling out a questionnaire: About your song. This seeks details for special occcasion, relationship with the person to be immortalised in song, how they met, habits and most memorable moments. The musical style can be tailored to suit the client. For lovers, something romantic; for a younger listener a heavy-metal feel might be more appropriate. Each client gets a different song, though Serge admits that they may repeat a line from time to time. They try to avoid this as there is always the danger that two clients may meet and compare songs, but most songs are so personal, they couldn't be about anyone else. They might include nicknames or references to some special habit. Most of Serge's customers are very satisfied with their songs. "Yesterday" I met a girl who'd had a song done for her Christmas. She played it in the bank where she works. She was nearly crying, explaining to me how much it meant to her. She knows the words by heart", says Serge. "To anyone else", he suggests, "it might seem just like any other song, but Mary certainly doesn't think so". Are there any situations that Serge and his songwriters couldn't deal with? For example a woman about to split up with a man who wants to leave him a song to remember her by? Could Serge and his team come up with something appropriate? "Sure. We could do that. Though it's not a situation we're evr been presented with. Thank goodness!".

1. Read the article opposite and then choose the best title below:

A So, love, this is your song.

B The successful pop song: a recipe.

C What's in a name? What to call your baby

2. Choose the correct alternative to answer the following questions:

1) Does the word “these” in line 10 refer to

A names like Maria, Frankie or Johnnie?

B names like Graham, Bruce, Jacquiline?

C names like Eleanor, Carol or Bernadette?

D names like Sue or Susie?

2) Does the word “her” in line 21 refer to

A Serge's wife Cathy?

B the groom?

C Serge?

3) Does the word “this” in line 43 refer to

A repeating a line from time to time?

B two clients meeting?

C writing different songs for each client?

D clients comparing songs?

4) Does the word “so” in line 55 refer to the fact

A that there are situations that Sergeand his songwriters couldn't deal with?

B that it meant a lot to her?

C that it seems just like any other song?

D that she knows the words by heart?

5) Does the word “that” in line 61 refer to

A leaving him with a song to remember her by?

B coming up with something appropriate?

C being presented with a situation

D dealing with the request?

3. Use your general knowledge and the context to work out what the following words from the above article mean. Circle the correct alternative.

1. Often people have ideas very suddenly. So “struck” (line 23) means

A hit sharply or forcefully

B came immediately to the mind

2. A song is a combination of words and music. So “lyrics” (line 32) means

A the words of a song, especially a modern popular song

B a musical instrument

3. Something that only friends usually know about a person is the special name they like to be called. So “nickname” (line 47) means

A the same as surname

B a name used informally instead of a person's real name

4. If you listen to a song a lot you eventually remember the words. So “she knows the words by heart” (line 53) means

A she has memorised the words

B she feels strongly about the words

Text № 12

HOW TO BOOST YOUR MEMORY

1 ________________ Perhaps you do badly in exams because you can't recall facts and figures or words and structures in a foreign language. Are you always losing things or forgetting the books you need for school that day? Or do you forget what Mum wanted you to get at the corner shop? Relax! Help is close at hand. There's a tremendous range of methods to boost your memory. 2 ________________ Your memory is like a brilliant, but unreliable computer storing a vast amount of information. In fact the memory's capacity is theoretically unlimided. The brain can record more than 86 million bits of information every day and our memories can probably hold 100 trillion bits in a lifetime. 3 ________________ Nevertheless only about 20 per cent of our daily experience is registered, and of that only a tiny proportion is loaded into long term memory. Most of the images during a day are held for only 25 to 30 seconds. This is just long enough for us to be able to keep the words of a sentence in our head as we read it so we understand its meaning. 4 ________________ We also remember different things in two different ways: declarative and non-declarative. Declarative memory deals with concrete things, specific events and facts such as what we have been doing and our recall of things that have happened. Non-declarative memory includes knowledge of general things, how to ride a bycicle, how to behave and so on. Someone with amnesia will almost always remember how to ride a bike, but many well forget her own name. One sad victim of this type of amnesia announces every ten minutes that he has “just woken up”. Every time his wife walks into the room he throws his arms around her as if he has not seen her for years, even though she has only been gone for a few minutes. Yet this man, formely a highly-talented musician, is still able to play the piano and conduct a choir through a long and complicated concert piece. 5 _________________ Normal, healthy people can improve their memories very easily. First of all learn to relax if you're trying to memorise something. You may miss important items if your mind is on something else or if you weren't paying attention because of anxiety – you retain information best when you are alert and concentraiting. If you're having trouble concentraiting, increase the flow of oxygenated blood to the brain. 6. ________________ Despite its small size the brain uses 20 per cent of the body's oxygen requirement. So try to combine study with exercise, particularly the kind of exercise that gets you breathing faster. Keep your mind fit as well as your body by doing mental workouts. Crosswords, Scrabble and quizzes all help to keep the mind in shape. 7. _________________ You can also train your memory in certain ways. The ancient Greeks invented memory systems called mnemonics, and they still work today. Most systems involve associating the things you want to remember with something you already have safely stored in your head, and the most effective systems make use of visual imagery, smell, touch and sound. If you want to remember someone's name, rty to find something distinctive about their hair, nose or eyes to associate with the name, e.g. Jane's wearing jeans/Tim is tall/Bill's got a beard. If you want to remember numbers try to make associations between numbers in sequence – think of people's ages, special dates, whether they're odd or even.

1. Read the following article and choose a heading from the list below for each paragraph. The first one has been done for you. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use:

A A very powerful mechanism

B Two ways of remembering

C Why we forget our earliest memories

D Short term and long term memory

E Healthy body; healthy mind

F An old approach but a good one

G Are you forgetful?

2. Read the questions and find the right answer:

1) From the first paragraph we learn that

- we should take special medecine to improve our memory

- there are some methods to improve our memory

- human memory depends on the age

2) It is said in the second paragraph that

- human memory is limitless

- we should train our memory all life

- people should attend special courses to boost their memory

3) In the third part the author claims that

- people register only interesting facts during the day

- people can remember less than a quarter of daily information

- we should write useful information in our daily every day

4) From the fourth paragraph we knew that

- there are two kinds of memories

- people should develop their memory from the childhood

- people with amnesia need a special treatment

5) In the fifth part the author suggest how

- to relax alter a gruelling mental tasts

- to boost the memory

- to get rid of useless information

6) What kinds of games improve our memory

- tennis, football, basketball

- crosswords, scrabble and quizzes

- hopscotch, hide-and-seek, crocodile

7) The main principle of mnemonics is

- remember as many facts as possible in a short period of time

- assosiate new facts with facts you already know

- record all important information

3. What is the main idea of the article?

- To improve our memory we should lead a healthy lifestyle.

- There are a lot of affordable methods to boost our memory.

- Everybody should remember as many things as possible during the life.

Text № 13

GUITAR LEGENDS

Whether it's melodic sound of an Eric Clapton solo or the growl of a heavy metal band, the electric guitar has influenced popular music and culture more than any other instrument. Rock's greatest musicians have always been closely identified with their guitars. But the instruments being designed for tomorrow's pop stars may look and sound rather different fron today's familiar electric and accoustic guitar. It is only sixty years since the elecrtic guitar was invented. Since then there have been incredible changes to the technical design of the instrument. From what was once a rounded woored box with a hole in the front, the guitar has evolved into the smooth solid body of the rock guitarist's axe. The most modern guitars are really computer-controlled synthesisers. Adolph Rickenbacker's Electro String Company produced the world's first electric guitar. It was made of wood and played on the user's lap. The first real breakthrough in design came in 1950 when Leo Fender, a Californian radio repairman, made the first solid-bodied electric guitar, the Fender Telecaster. Soon after the inventor Les Paul made the famous Gibson Les Paul. Fender launched its stylish Stratocaster two years later. These guitars became standard instruments against which newer guitar designs are measured. All sorts of different materials have been used to make guitars. Accoustic guitars are made from wood, which gives a soft tone. Wood is also a popular material in electric guitar manufacture, but more modern materials such as glass and carbon fibre are also used. There have also been guitars with metal bodies and necks though these were never popular with players, who claim metal feels cold in the hand. Plastics, on the other hand, have been more used in guitar bodies. A company that makes parts for the aerospace industry has begun to use a kind of fibreglass that was originally used in helicopter blades to make the bodies for its electric-acoustic instruments. Other makers have begun to experiment with graphite, a material that is ten times stiffer than wood but much lighter. It doesn't expand or contract as the temperature or humidity changes either. This makes it particularly suitable for guitar necks and for tennis rackets, for which it is also used. As long as scientists and musicians work together harmoniously, the electric guitar will continue to benefit from technological innovations. But for all the effords of the guitar companies' design engineers, production managers and quality controlllers, it's the musicians who finally make the instruments sing – and not necessarily in the way the guitar maker intended.

1.Choose the correct altenative to answer the following questions:

1) What is likely to change in the future?

A the influence of the guitar on popular culture

B styles of guitar music

C the guitars themselves

D how musicians feel about their guitar

2) The first electric guitar was

A computer-controlled

B played sitting down

C not hollow inside

D designed by Leo Fender

3) The guitars that were designed in the fifties

A were unsuccessful

B are often compared to guitars designed today

C were maid of wood

D were played sitting down

4) Which material was disliked by musicians?

A metal

B wood

C plastic

D carbon firbe

5) Why is graphite a good material for guitar necks?

A It has been used for tennis rackets

B It is heavier than wood

D It is more flexible than wood

C It is not affected by atmospheric conditions

6) Recent technological innovations

A have not really improved the electric guitar

B have been ignored by musicians

C cannot determine the way the quitar will be played

D are not what musicians hoped for

2. Read the text and decide which one of the following subjects is not referred:

A companies that make guitars

B materials guitars are made of

C the role of technology

D other musical instruments

3. Make a cluster “material”

Text № 14

ENTER MRS WIN-A-LOT

Introducing the undisputed queen of competitions Outside Rita Smallburn's home is parked a sparkling blue Renault Cleo. Mrs Smallburn's won it. It is the fifth car she has won. Inside her sitting room are a video, television, compact disc system, three-piece suite, canteen of cutlery, decanter and glasses, silverware, Trivial Pursuit, Scrabble and an enormous bottle of champagne: all prizes. In her kitchen are a dishwasher, microwave, French saucepan set, toaster, coffee maker, electric carving knife, kettle, can opener and iron: more prizes. In fact there s vertually nothing in Mrs Smallburn's entire house, apart from her dog, which she hasn't won. She did not actually win he house she and her family live in, but seven years ago she won another one worth 50 000 pounds. Which she sold two years later for 100 000 pounds. For the last sixteen years she has been the “Queen of Competitions” or “compers” as they are known in the trade. Locally she is known as Mrs Win-a-lot. Since she gave up her job as a geography teacher sixteen years ago, Mrs Smallburn believes she has bacome much more skilled at winning competitions. I expect to win between twenty and forty per cent of the competitions I enter”, she says. “But my winnings could vary enormously year by year. One year I might win 3000 pounds. The next it could be 100 000 pounds. All her earnings are tax-free. She enters only about twelve competitions a month now, down from a peak of about fifty when she was younger. Nowadays she is a busy running a consultancy in which she shares her competition winning skills with others who would like to achieve success, but the postman's arrival is still a thrill. If her family wants something, she will try to win it. At the moment she is competing for a fax machine. She wouldn't dream of buying anything. It is an odd life, though Mrs Smallburn denies it is an obsession. “It's more like an extreme enthusiasm”, she says. To work, the thrill must be in the winning rather than the prizes. The disadvantage is the lack of freedom to buy what you choose. The dog is not allowed to have his favourite brand of pet food. He has to be content with a year's supply of another brand Mrs Smallburn won.

1 Read the following text about a woman who has won a lot of competitions and mark with a cross the things below which are not mentioned:

1. a car

2. a TV

3. a fax machine

4. a compact disc system

5. a dog

6. a computer

7. a dishwasher

8 a refrigerator

2. Choose the correct alternative to answer the following questions.

1. Which of the following is something that Mrs Smallburn did not win in competitions?

A a house

B The house where the family live

C Money and goods to the value of 3 000 pounds.

D five cars

2. Mrs Smallburn used to

A win more money than she does now

B work as a geography teacher

C be better at winning competitions than she is now

D pay less tax than she does now

3. How does Mrs Smallburn's spend most of her time now?

A teaching geography

B entering competitions

C working in her own company

D looking after her family

4. Mrs Smallburn does not

A want to buy a fax machine

B want to win a fax machine

C look forward to the postman coming

D try to win things her family want

5. What is Mrs Smallburn's attitude to entering competitions?

A She is obsessed with it

B She is very keen on it

C She is disappointed with the things she wins

D She thinks it is a strange way to earn a living

6. The writer of the text thinks Mrs Smallburn's extreme enthusiasm is the result of

A the excellent prizes she has won

B the feeling she gets from winning

C not being free to buy what she wants

D an obsession

7. The article is intended to

A shock the reader

B annoy the reader

C entertain the reader

D make the reader feel sad

3. Make a cluster “ kitchen”

Text № 15

A HAIRY PROBLEM SOLVED

(1__) Cave drawings show that earliest razors were sharks' teeth and clam shells. Sharpened flint was used where it could be found. The Egyptians 6000 years ago made razors from solid gold. By the eighteenth century they had developed into elaborate steal devices. Nevertheless one painful problem remained: men continued to cut themselves.

1. Is this paragraph mainly about

A the history of the razor

B expensive materials used for razors?

In 1762 a Frenchman named Jean-Jacques Perret found a way of protesting the shaver's skin by attaching a safety guard to the steel blade. Perret even wrote a book about shaving called Pogotonomy or the Art of Learning to Shave (2__). As a result, millions of male chins still suffered the consequences daily.

2. Is the main idea that Peret

A invented a safe way of shaving?

B wrote a book about shaving?

One such chin belonged to King Camp Gillette, a travelling salesman from Wisconsin, in the United Stated. One of Gillette's bosses was William Painter, the inventor of the disposable bottle-cap. Painter told Gillette that he would become rich if only he invented something which will be used once and thrown away”. 3( __)

3. Is the main idea that

A Gillette got some useful advice?

B Gillette had a boss called Painter?

The answer came to Gillette in front of his shaving mirror in 1895 (4___). Why not substitute a thin steel blade that could be held in a clamp and thrown away? “I stood before the mirror in a trance of joy, “he wrote to his wife. “Our future is made”.

4. Is the main idea that

A Gillette suddenly had an idea?

B he wrote to his wife?

(5__) Finally things began to change when he met William Nickerson. Together they formed the American Safety Razor Company. They took out a patent in Boston in 1901. In 1903 they sold just 51 razors and 168 blades. They persevered and by the end of 1904 they had parted with 90 000 razors and 124 000 blades.

5. Is the main idea that

A Gillette formed the company with someone else?

B the razor was not immediately successful?

2. The following sentences have been removed from the text. Decide in which numbered gap each sentence should go and write in the appropriate letter. Be careful! There is one extra sentence that you do not need to use.

A He realised that only the straight edge of his old-fashioned razor was doing any work.

B However, his invention remained relatively unknown.

C The customer would have to come back and buy another.

D Men have always searched for the perfect close shave.

E Gillette realized he needed to work with someone else.

F But for six years, Gillette failed to convince people.

3. Read the sentences and correct the mistakes:

1. The Egyptians 6000 years ago made knives from solid silver.

2. In 1762 a Frenchman named Jean-Jacques Perret found a way of protesting the hair by attaching a safety line to the steel blade.

3. As a result, millions of male chicks still suffered the consequences monthly.

4. Painter told Gillette that he would become famous if only he invented something which will be used twice and thrown away”.

5. Finally things began to improve when he met William Nickerson. Together they opened the American Safety Razor Company.

Broken texts

Text № 1

1. Read the timetable, the statement and underline T(True), F (False), NS (Not Stated):

a) There are courses of spinning for all levels 5 times a week. T/F/NS.

b) Clients can attend zumba courses 3 times a week. T/F/NS.

c) You can practice Yoga only on Thuesday from 11 to 12 p.m. T/F/NS.

d) There are Pilates courses four times a week at the same time. T/F/NS.

e) Course Metafit is for Advanced. T/F/NS.

f) There is one instructor for Step Aerobics and Pilates. T/F/NS.

g) On Sunday the club is closed. T/F/NS.

h) The club has its site. T/F/NS.

2. Complete the sentences with the correct word:

a) On Friday you can join Stretch & Tone from ____ till _____.

b) There are Zumba classes on Tuesday and on ___________

c) Step Aerobics are for intermidiate and ______________.

d) On Monday, Wednesday and Friday the club is open from ______ to ______.

e) Members should inform the Sports centre if they wish to ___________.

f) The Sports centre is situated in East Sussex in Wadhurst ____________.

g) On Sunday from 10.00 to 10.45 you can attend ________.

3. Make a cluster FLEXIBLE COURSE

Text № 2

1. Look at the texts.

What kind of texts are they:

- articles

- advertissments

- timetables

Where can we find these texts:

- in a coursebook

- in a magazine

- in a newspaper

2. Read the sentences and underline T (True), F (False), NS (Not Stated):

a) You can contact both clubs via internet. T/F/NS.

b) There are three instructors in Yoga Club. T/F/NS.

c) According to the avertissement tennis helps to improve coordination. T/F/NS.

d) Yoga club and Tennis club offer courses for children. T/F/NS.

e) Both clubs give the information about the price. T/F/NS.

f) Yoga club invites the clients for meeting at the weekend. T/F/NS.

g) After tennis sessions children can have a free hot drinks. T/F/NS.

h) The aim of Yoga classes is to achieve peace and harmony for Body and Mind. T/F/NS.

3. Choose the right word to complete the sentences:

a) Join our Yoga club and workout with (coach/teacher/instructor) Rashmi Gaonkar.

b) In Brooklyn Campus club meets every (Monday/Wednesday/Friday) from 5 to 6 p.m.

c) Bring your friends, practice Yoga, and achieve (force/piece/results) and Harmony for your body and mind.

d) Parents are more than welcome to stay and (play/watch/pay).

e) Court is based in Sandown (Avenue/Street/Park), Esher.

Text № 3

1. Read the scheme. What is the aim of this reseach?

- to persuade people to sleep more

- to show how pain is harmful for human health

- to offer new medecines against pain

2. Read the scheme, sentences and underline T (True), F (False), NS (Not Stated):

a) Lack of sleep interferes with career. T/F/NS.

b) Americans with Chronic pain report higher stress levels. T/F/NS.

c) If you are motivated to have enough sleep you shouldn't eat late t night. T/F/NS.

d) 46 per cent of Americans have experienced acute pain. T/F/NS.

e) Quality of life depends on the lack of sleep. T/F/NS.

f) People who experience pain have problems with daily sleep. T/F/NS.

g) Our mood doesn't depend on the lack of sleep. T/F/NS.

3. Complete the sentences with the right word:

a) Stress, pain and _________ correlates of shorter sleep duration.

b) Over half Americans have experienced __________ in the past week.

c) 1 in 3 people without chronic pain still don't get _________ they need in order to feel their best.

d) 50 % of those with chronic pain say ________ difficulties interferes with work.

e) 14 minutes of ______ sleep debt for those who experience acute pain.

f) Lack of sleep interferes with mood, ________________, relationships, quality of life.

Text № 4

1. Read the text and say where can we see this test:

- in a magazine

- in a hospital

- in a bookshop

2. Read the text and the sentences and write T (True), F (False), NS (Not Stated):

a) Use can use coupons if you want to save money. T/F/NS.

b) People throw away 50 % of meal per month. T/F/NS.

c) You shouldn't make a plan before go shopping. T/F/NS.

d) You should eat only a couple of apples before shopping. T/F/NS.

e) You should avoid buying useless things. T/F/NS.

f) You can find all kinds of fruit in the UK. T/F/NS.

g) After 8 p.m. You can get a discount. T/F/NS.

3. Correct the mistakes in these sentences:

a) Sticking to the list explains you'll only buy what you need.

b) Find them in supermarket, newspapers, online forums, brand websites, and social media.

c) Treats and sweets are irresistable if you shop on an empty stomach.

d) Is it on the list? Do you want it? Is it perishable?

e) Vegetables, fish, meat and fruit is more expensive frozen, nutritious and keeps longer.

f) Visit local markets with for fruit and veg – it's cheaper, cooler and the service friendlier.

g) Name brand Tea bags, coffee, tinned vegetables can be found here.

4. Use this poster and make a cluster GROCERY SHOPPING TIPS. You can add your ideas.

Text № 5

1. Read the text. What is the main aim of this text:

- offer a new scheme of nutrition for children.

- give a detailed explanation about obesity among children.

- give recommendations on how to prevent obesity among children.

2. Where can we find this poster:

- in a shop

- in a hospital

- in a bus stop

3. Find the right ending for the sentences:

a) Per the CDC, more than 33 % of US children and adolescents were

- given an unsufficient nutrition.

- were overweight or obese.

- happy to receive a good nutrition

b) Over half of obese children become overweight by

- the age of 5

- the age of 2

- the age of 7

c) Obese youth are more likely to have

- cancer

- problems with teeth

- risk factor for cardiovascular disease

d) Among areas of live where changes are recommended there is

- eat in the restaurants

- eat more fruit and vegetables

- have picnics outside

Text № 6

1. Read the poster. Where can you find it?

- in the post office

- in a language centre

- in a bank

- in a bus stop

2. What is the main aim of this poster?

- to show that learning of foreign languages can bring success in all aspects of life

- to show that learning of the foreign language can improve human health

- to show that learning of foreign languages can help to booster the relations with relatives

- to persuade the readers to attend regularly the course of foreign languages.

3. Read the sentences and write T(True), F (False), NS (Not Stated):

a) Learning foreign languages increases the number of tourists. T/F/NS.

b) The knowledge of a foreign language helps the explore a city without a map. T/F/NS.

c) The learning of a foreign language boosts the health. T/F/NS.

d) The employers offer better work conditions to multilingual employees. T/F/NS.

e) The learning of a foreign language makes human life longer. T/F/NS.

f) Only 50 % of people say that a good knowledge of a foreign language helps with travelling. T/F/NS.

g) The learning of a foreign language contributes to a longer attention span. T/F/NS.

h) The knowledge of a foreign language contributes to a physical development. T/F/NS.

Text № 7

1. Read the poster. What is the main aim of this text?

- give the reasons why creativity should be developed in education

- give full information of the current situation with creativity in the educational system

- suggest ways of the improvement of the educational system

- show educators the ways to improve their skills

2. Where can we find this poster?

- in a coursebook

- in an educational magazine

- in a newspaper

- in a travel guide

3. Correct the mistakes in the sentences:

1) 67 % of educators wanted to spend time fostering creativity in the classroom.

2) 21 % strongly felt that teachers are primary responsible for creativity.

3) 85 % of prespondents felt that computer programmes and digital tools play an important role.

4) 56 % felt that the current education system was either modern or restrictive or both.

5) 36 % felt that the biggest barrier to creativity is a system that is heavily reliant on writing and assessment.

6) 45 % of educators spent their time fostering communicative skills in their classroom in the last one year.

7) 62 % of educators strongly felt that they should be reliable regardless of the subjects they teach.

Text № 8

1. Read the poster. Where can you find it?

- in a travel guide

- in a scientific magazine

- in a medical instruction

- in a compilation of poems

2. What we can't learn from the poster:

- the current official name of Big Ben

- the everage temperature in London

- the number of cabs in London

- the number of underground river in London

- the prices in museums

- the names of the biggest shops in London

- the system of education

3. Read the sentences and write T (True), F (False), NS (Not Stated):

a) More than 300 languages are spoken in London's school. T/F/NS.

b) All London buses are red. T/F/NS.

c) Average High temperature in London 16-35 °C. T/F/NS.

d) There are 21 underground rivers in London. T/F/NS.

e) To pass their exam London cab drivers should pay. T/F/NS.

f) By 2050 the population of London will significantly decrease. T/F/NS.

g) The previous name of Elizabeth Tower is “The Clock Tower”. T/F/NS.

h) There are two official languages in London: English and Spanish. T/F/NS.

i) It is illegal to sleep in the Houses of Parlament. T/F/NS.

Text № 9

1. Read the poster. Who is the target reader of this text?

- preschoolders

- elderly people

- adults

- teenagers

2. What is the main aim of the poster?

- give the readers some advice on how to improve health

- give the readers some ideas how to boost the results while studying

- explain the readers how to use the college resources efficiently

- persuade the readers to continue studies abroad

3. Read the sentences and write T (True), F (False), NS (Not Stated):

a) Students can be organized if they make a plan. T/F/NS.

b) Students should write e-mail to their friends every day. T/F/NS.

c) Students should have a shower before they go to bed. T/F/NS.

d) To keep fit students should do regular exercises. T/F/NS.

e) The duration of sleep should be more than 9 hours. T/F/NS.

f) Students should write all their results. T/F/NS.

g) Students should leave spare time for unexpected events. T/F/NS.

h) Students should consult their teachers while they make their plans. T/F/NS.

Text № 10

1. Read the poster. Where can we find the this information?

- in a newspaper

- in an educational journal

- in a coursebook

- in a fashion bootlet

2. What is the main idea of the text?

- Studying art contributes to the physical development.

- Studying art boosts the personal development

- Studying art improves the relations among contemporaries.

- Studying art develop the physical attractiveness.

3. Read and correct the sentences:

a) Students who study art are 4 times more likely to be recognized for intellectual achievement.

b) Art and music education programmes are different in countries that rank the highest for Math and literature text scores.

c) The school that were participating in the Chicago arts partnership in industry made huge strides in closing the difference between high-income and low-income students.

d) Research suggests that studying a third language is essential to the learning process, creative inquiry and serious thinking.

e) Students who study art are 9 times more likely to be awarded for university attendence.

f) New brain research shows that not only does the music improve skills in writing and reading, but it promotes intelligence and social development, personality adjustment and self-worth.

Text № 11

1. Read the text. Where can we find this kind of text?

- in a coursebook

- in a magazine

- in a science fiction book

2. What is the aim of this poster?

- offer the readers some ways to improve teir health.

- offer the readers some methods to boost persistence

- offer the readers to some ways to improve the relations with relatives

3. Choose the right synonym for phrases in bold:

1. accept the failure - make a mistake - realize an error - face a difficult situation	4. daily routine - everyday duties - important tasks - difficult tests
2. immediate goal - quick aim - slow pace - easy way	5 dig up a dead body - to do something quickly - try to return past events - lie to people
3. persistence - forgetfulness - perseverance - literacy	6 reach - buy - obtain - prove

Text № 12

1. Read the text. Where can we find this kind of text?

- in a travel guide

- in a magazine

- in a medical prochure

- in a bibliographic book

2. What is the aim of this poster?

- give the readers some advice how to improve hearing

- explain what factors cause the loss of hearing

- offer the readers the ways to improve mental health

- give information on how to obtain better results at school

3. Read the sentences and write T (True), F (False), NS (Not Stated):

a) Nearly half of teens showing potential signs of hearing loss. T/F/NS.

b) 1 of 5 teens have symptoms often or all the time. T/F/NS.

c) Teens don't know there are risks and are still leaving hearing unprotected. T/F/NS.

d) Teens of 13-14 age are more susceptible to the loss of hearing. T/F/NS.

e) 90 % of teens listen to loud music with earphones. T/F/NS.

f) 50 % of teens attend discos what contributes to the loss of hearing. T/F/NS.

g) Parents buy noisy loud toys to their children. T/F/NS.

h) 21 % use mowers and other loud tools. T/F/NS.

Text № 13

1. Read the text. Where can we find this kind of text?

- in a coursebook

- in a magazine

- in a travel prochure

- in a dairy

2. What is the aim of this poster?

- give the readers some tips about travelling

- explain how to get to Galway City

- offer the readers the ways to improve physical apprearance

- give a complete information about Western Region of Ireland

3. Complete the sentences with the right words:

a) The population in Western Region of Ireland in 2016 was ____________.

b) 13, 7 % are woking in _______________.

c) The largest town is _______________.

d) 64,7 % are living in ______________.

e) Children consist _________ of population.

f) There are _____ % of women.

g) 57, 6 % of population are in a very ________ health.

Text № 14

1. Read the text. Where can we find this kind of text?

- in a business journal

- in a scientific booklet

- in a travel prochure

- in a notebook

2. What is the aim of this poster?

- give the readers some tips about holidays

- explain how to use time efficiently at work

- offer the readers the ways to improve their mood at work

- give full information about business

3. Find the right ending for the sentences:

a) Schedule your day and

- choose time to relax

- have a bath in the evening

- set out achievable objectives

b) Never be afraid to ask for help. Collaborative with others to

- achieve mutual goals

- spend time productively

- meet new people

c) Understand only critisism aimed at you and

- don't pay attention to spoilers

- use he feedback to improve your work

- don't be nevous

d) Exersice is proven to reduce stress and

- boost your productivity

- improve mental health

- boost the mood

Text № 15

1. Read the text. Where can we find this kind of text?

- in a business journal

- in a scientific booklet

- in a medical brochure

- in a coursebook

2. What is the main idea of this poster?

- Medical care in Illinois leaves much to be desired.

- Asthma affects a lot of people in Illinois.

- There is no efficient care against asthma.

- Doctors should also be ready and informed on how to cure asthma.

3. Complete the sentences with correct words:

a) Of those who died of from (pneumonia/asthma/cancer) 48,1 % were aged 35-44 at time of death.

b) 13,6 % of (adults/teenagers/children) in Illinois currently have asthma.

c) 17,8 % (about 1 to 5) with asthma are unable to buy asthma medications due to the (cost/lack/lost).

d) Asthma is a desease that accects your (mouth/lungs/legs).

e) Approximately 850 000 (children/people/elderly people) in Illinois currently have asthma.

f) Asthma causes chest tightness and (tears/caugh/fever) at night or early in the morning.

Resources:

1. Burgess S, Gold First Cerficate exam maximiser. - Longman. 2000.

2. Duckworth M, Gude K. Countdown to first certificate. - Oxford University press. 1999.