| Suffixes of the nouns | Meaning | Examples |
| -age | От основ существительных и глаголов образует новые слова, обозначая состояние, результат действия и конкретные предметы | Storage – склад от store - запас Carriage – экипаж,карета от to carry - нести Orphanage- сиротство от orphan - сирота Leakage –утечка от to leak - течь |
| -ance, -ence | Образует чаще отвлеченные существительные с признаками состояния, качества, действия | Ignorance – невежество от ignore- невежественный Assistance- помощь от to assist- помогать Dependence- зависимость от to depend- зависеть |
| -dom | Образует в основном отвлеченные существительные, указывающие на состояние или положение, пределы распространения чего-либо (власти, учения) | Freedom –свобода от free- свободный Kingdom – королевство от king - король Boredom – скука от to bore -скучать Christendom – христианский мир от to christen - крестить |
| -er,-or | Образуют производные слова со значением профессиональной, национальной, территориальной принадлежности, а также разного рода техницизмы | Actor –актёр от to act – действовать, исполнять роль Baker - пекарь от to bake - печь Gardener- садовник от garden - сад Londoner- житель Лондона Islander –островитянин от island - остров |
| -ery, -ry | Образуют новые слова от именных и глагольных основ со значением характерных свойств, рода занятий, общественного положения, а также места производства, хранения или проживания | Bravery – смелость от brave- смелый, храбрый Foolery – глупость от fool -глупец Forestry- лесничество от forest- лес Nursery- детская комната, детский сад от nurse - няня |
| -hood | От именных основ образует слова со значением состояния, положения, общности, качества | Childhood- детство от child - ребёнок Brotherhood – братство от brother- брат Falsehood- лживость от false - лживый |
| -ment | Слова с этим суффиксом (в основном от глаголов) обозначают действие или его результат, а также состояние | Improvement- улучшение от to improve - улучшать Pavement – тротуар, панель от to pave – мостить, устилать Amazement – изумление от to amaze -изумлять Statement- заявление от to state- заявлять |
| -ess | Преобразование слов мужского рода в женский .Очень редко в АЯ встречаются существительные женского рода), таких слов не так много. | Actress – актриса от actor – актёр Poetess – поэтесса от poet - поэт Negress- негритянка от Negro -негр Waitress – официантка от waiter -официант Giantess -гигантша от giant - гигант |
| -ness | Образует имена существительные от основ прилагательных со значением качества и состояния | Goodness - доброта, великодушие Blackness - чернота Carefulness -осторожность Calmness - спокойствие |
| -ship | Образует отвлеченные слова со значением свойства и состояния, а также должности, профессии, положения общности людей | Friendship – дружба от friend- друг Partnership- партнёрство от partner Ownership - собственность от owner- собственник |
| -ation, -tion, -sion | Образуют существительные, обозначающие действие или его результат, состояние, качество | Action – действие от to act Exhaustion – истощение от to exhaust Admission – признание от to admit Preparation – подготовка от to prepare |
| -tude | Образует (в основном от прилагательных) отвлеченные существительные со значением свойства или качества | Gratitude - благодарность от grateful- благодарный Exactitude- точность от exact - точный |
| -ty, -ety, -ity | Образуют отвлеченные существительные ( в основном от прилагательных), отражающие состояние, положение, качество или свойство | Variety – разнообразие от various - разнообразный Certainty- уверенность от certain – определённый, постоянный Penalty – наказание, взыскание penal- наказуемый, уголовный Priority – первенство, старшинство от prior - предшествующий |
| 1 | «However, a __________________ from St Andrews University, Anne Magurran, has recently announced that to call piranhas cruel killers is not fair.» | SCIENCE |
| 2 | «His new father works as a __________________ in Sweden and he is quite rich.» | ACT |
| 3 | «Our __________________began when we were at school. After school, Natalie left Britain.» | FRIEND |
| 4 | Mia wants to show a ________________ of this village
| LOCATE |
| 5 | «Snorkeling _______________ contains only a special mask and a curved tube.» | EQUIP |
| 6 | «There his unusual _____________with a poor boy begins.
| FRIEND |
| 7 | There are lots of possibilities there too: a good __________________, a language school or an on-line course.»
| TEACH |
| 8 | The waiter in the nearby pizzeria was a boy from Britain, so we never had any problems with __________________
| COMMUNICATE |
| 9 | «The women's figure skating _____________ held Lana's attention for a few minutes.» | CHAMPION |
| 10 | The main job of any dictionary is to explain what words mean. This can be done via __________ or the unknown word can be explained in other words.
| TRANSLATE |
| 11 | She has enrolled in a special training school where they learn skills and study firefighting __________.
| EQUIP |
| 12 | I like ___________
| FREE |
| 13 | The ________________ is the best thing in the world
| CHILD
|
| 14 | My mum is an __________________
| ACT |
| 15 | His _________________ for exams was so hard
| PREPARE |
| 16 | He felt a great _______________________ of her
| DEPEND |
| 17 | I believe they can be used in many spheres, and most importantly of all in __________.
| EDUCATE |
| 18 | According to him, people who try to do it usually have very little __________________ about koala’s lifestyle.
| INFORM |
| 19 | Alfred Nobel, a successful businessman and the __________________ of explosives, established prizes for achievements in science. | INVENT |
| 20 | Next month I’m going to take part in a regional cycling __________________ and I hope to win it. | COMPETE |
| 1 | The __________ of the course explained to us how animated films are made.
| TEACH |
| 2 | I believe they can be used in many spheres, and most importantly of all in __________.
| EDUCATE |
| 3 | The _____________________ of different kinds of fish is so huge
| VARIOUS |
| 4 | He says that street art is a form of __________.
| COMMUNICATE |
| 5 | Next month I’m going to take part in a regional cycling __________________ and I hope to win it. | COMPETE |
| 6 | My mum works as a _______________
| TEACH |
| 7 | Andrew Page, a ____________ who has been studying koalas for years, says that it’s a bad idea to keep this animal as a pet. | SCIENCE |
| 8 | According to him, people who try to do it usually have very little __________________ about koala’s lifestyle.
| INFORM |
| 9 | His _______________ were not understanding
| ACT |
| 10 | Another well-known artist is Faith 47 from Cape Town. She paints big bright pictures of people and animals. The works of this __________________ can be found on pavements, empty factory buildings, and abandoned cars. | PAINT |
| 11 | Our ______________ is the best in our region
| FOREST |
| 12 | My friend has a great ___________________ of her
| DEPEND |
| 13 | Two teams were playing in the final match of the __________________.
| CHAMPION |
| 14 | The ____________ is when two or more people have common interests
| FRIEND |
| 15 | The Nobel Prize is a very prestigious award. Alfred Nobel, a successful businessman and the __________________ of explosives, established prizes for achievements in science, literature and economics. | INVENT |
| 16 | Ecotourism is getting more and more popular. It offers two things at once: __________________ and entertainment.
| EDUCATE |
| 17 | You should remember that you're only a __________________ and be as careful as possible. | VISIT |
| 18 | Unfortunately, rainbows always point to the __________________ of the treasure and Leprechauns must rehire it. And there are plenty of rainbows in Ireland! | LOCATE |
| 19 | The main job of any dictionary is to explain what words mean. This can be done via __________ or the unknown word can be explained in other words.
| TRANSLATE |
| 20 | She has enrolled in a special training school where they learn skills and study firefighting __________.
| EQUIP |
| 21 | I like ___________
| FREE |
| 22 | The ________________ is the best thing in the world
| CHILD
|
Словообразование. Самостоятельная работа № 2
-
| The _________________ is that we do not boast about our cuisine.
| DIFFER |
-
| «The idea is to show that our planet is in danger and it needs care and __________________.»
| PROTECT |
-
| «It is actually the smallest city in Britain with a _________________ of just over 1,600.»
| POPULATE |
-
| «Books have the ability to take you to another world, to wake up your __________________ and transport you to places you’ve never been to.» | IMAGINE |
-
| «Remy is separated from his family at the __________ of the movie. So he finds himself in Paris, France.» | BEGIN |
-
| «… but Ken refused to go with them. His dad liked fishing, his mum was a keen ____________...»
| GARDEN |
-
| « Animals, fish and birds have a wonderful sense of ___________...»
| DIRECT |
-
| «My uncle, who is a _________________, says that he waters his vegetables and fruit trees a lot in dry weather.» | FARM |
-
| « Though Mr. Turner was an experienced ________________ he chose to leave his car in the garage.» | DRIVE |
-
| «Being a friend means not only having fun together but helping each other in a difficult __________________»
| SITUATE |
-
| « One of them is an unusual monument to Walter Scott, a well-known____________»
| WRITE |
-
| He may never become a world-famous ____________ but the drawing lessons will certainly stimulate his brain and imagination. | ART |
-
| The camp is a successful _________________ of both comfort and a green environment.» | COMBINE |
-
| «Sometimes we use them for ____________________.»
| ENTERTAIN |
-
| He says: “I can't really give an __________________ of what’s happening to me; perhaps I just believe in my theory.”» | EXPLAIN |
-
| «...and she wasn't in the mood to listen to a _________ talking about the government's social programme.» | POLITICS |
-
| «Our __________________began when we were at school. After school, Natalie left Britain.» | FRIEND |
-
| «The main ____________ of the city is Edinburgh Castle.»
| ATTRACT |
-
| There are lots of possibilities there too: a good __________________, a language school or an on-line course.»
| TEACH |
-
| I believe they can be used in many spheres, and most importantly of all in __________.
| EDUCATE |
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