Словообразование в английском языке

Половко Л.В.

Учитель английского языка

МАОУ гимназии №6 г. Новороссийск

As you could see, you can form new words with different meanings by adding a prefix or a sufix .

Prefixes don’t change

the word class!

• unfair;
• uncommon;
• untrue...

• illegal;
• illegitimate;
• illogical...

• impossible;
• immature;
• imperfect...

• disadvantage;
• dislike;
• dishonest...

• incorrect;
• informal;
• inconvenient...

• misunderstanding;
• mistrust;
• misbehave...

• irrational;
• irrelevant;
• irresponsible...

• non-smoker;
• non-violent;
• non-profit...

To memorize! RULES

 When you want to change a word that starts with P or M , you add the prefix “ im ”:

 improper; immodest; impartial; impersonal; impolite; impractical, immigrant…

 Adjectives starting with L , you add the prefix “ il ”:

 illiterate; illegible; illicit; illegality; illegal; illogical…

 Adjectives beginning with R , you add the prefix “ ir ”:

 irrational; irresistible; irregular; irreverent; irresponsible…

If you have any doubts, go to the dictionary!

He’s your friend!

Suffixes usually change

the word class of the base word!

Noun formation

-ment

-ation

-al

• combine - combin ation ;
• accuse - accus ation ;
• image - imagin ation ...

• employ - employ ment ;
• move - move ment ;
• arrange – arrange ment ...

• survive - surviv al ;
• arrive - arriv al ;
• try - tri al ...

-ance/ -ence

-age

-er

• perform - perform ance ;
• insure - insur ance ;
• entry – entr ance ;
• differ – differ ence ;
• prefer - prefer ence ...

• carry - carri age ;
• use - us age ;
• pack - pack age ...

• work - work er ;
• sing - sing er ;
• win - winn er ...

Noun formation

-dom

-hood

-ity

• king - king dom ;
• free - free dom ;
• wise - wis dom ...

• neighbour - neighbour hood ;
• man - man hood ;
• parent - parent hood ...

• national - national ity ;
• feminine - feminin ity ;
• curious - curios ity ...

- ess

-ship

-ness

• actor – actr ess ;
• prince - princ ess ;
• waiter - waitr ess ...

• relation - relation ship ;
• friend - friend ship ;
• champion - champion ship ...

• dark - dark ness ;
• fit - fit ness ;
• weak - weak ness ...

-ist

-th/ -t

-ant/ ent

• novel – novel ist ;
• art - art ist ;
• piano - pian ist ...

• true - tru th ;
• grow- grow th ;
• weigh – weigh t ...

• study - stud ent ;
• serve - serv ant ;
• assist - assist ant ...

Adjective formation

-ful

-y

-ish

• care - care ful ;
• beauty - beauti ful ;
• delight - delight ful ...

• sleep - sleep y ;
• rain - rain y ;
• fun - funn y ...

• tall - tall ish ;
• dark - dark ish ;
• green - green ish ...

-ous

-less

• fame – fam ous ;
• fury - furi ous ;
• poison - poison ous ...

• use - use less ;
• shame - shame less ;
• hair - hair less ...

-able/ ible

• accept - accept able ;
• agree - agree able ;
• access - access ible ...

-al

-ive

• electric – electric al ;
• nation - nation al ;
• emotion - emotion al ...

• create – creat ive ;
• attract - attract ive ;
• act - act ive ...

Verb formation

-en

-ify

• identity - ident ify ;
• solid - solid ify ;
• example - exempl ify ...

• deep - deep en ;
• wide - wid en ;
• short - short en ...

-ise/ -ize

-ate

• apology - apolog ise ;
• tranquil - tranquil ise ;
• sympathy - sympath ise ...

• regular - regul ate ;
• circular - circul ate ;
• domestic - domestic ate ...

Form nouns from the verbs:

to arrive -

to govern -

to arm -

to agree -

to recover -

to inform -

to propose-

to pay –

arriv al

govern ment

arm y

agree ment

recover y

inform ation

propos al

pay ment

Form nouns from the adjectives:

kind -

quiet -

happy -

active -

stupid -

human -

kindness

quietness

happiness

activity

stupidity

humanism

Form adjectives from the nouns:

the fool -

the child -

the fun -

the friend -

the month -

the danger -

the fame -

foolish

childish

funny

friendly

monthly

dangerous

famous