Сложная тема Participle

Participle I

Образовать это причастие в английском языке удастся, если добавить к основе глагола окончание -ing без частицы to.  В случае, если требуется отрицание, то частица not ставится перед причастием.

sleeping
not running
dancing

Функции первого причастия

Поговорим о том, что причастие настоящего времени в английском языке может выполнять несколько функций в предложении и быть:

1. Определением (так же, как и русском языке - причастие), которое расположено перед существительным или после него. Например:

I saw her smiling face in the window. – Я увидел ее улыбающееся лицо в окне.

2. Обстоятельством (образа действия, причины, времени). Небольшой пример:

Knowing English perfectly he was able to watch genuin foreign movies. – Зная английский в совершенстве, он мог смотреть оригинальные иностранные фильмы.
Travelling aroung the world, he visited as much countries as he could. – Путешествуя вокруг света, он посетил как можно больше стран.
Whislting he closed the door. – Насвистывая, он закрыл дверь.

Participle 2

Грамотное образование Participle 2 в английском языке от правильных глаголов заключается в добавлении окончания -ed к инфинитиву глагола без употребления частицы to. Обратите внимание, что у неправильных глаголов форма причастия II особая. Она указана в таблице неправильных глаголов и находится в третьей колонке.

broken – сломанный
sold — проданный

Функции past participle

1. Определения. Пример:

A broken leg – сломанная нога
Lost time – потерянное время

2. Обстоятельства (часто с предшествующими союзами when, if, unless). Рассмотрим на примере:

When asked important questions, he frowned and answered silly things. – Когда ему задавали важные вопросы, он хмурился и говорил какую-то ерунду.

Entering the hall, she noticed a new girl. – Входя в зал, она заметила новую девушку.
Seriously wounded he continued fighting. – Серьезно раненый он продолжал сражаться.

Упражнение 1.
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на причастия настоящего времени.

1. The girl standing at the window is my sister.
2. Having been sent to the wrong address the letter didn’t rich him.
3. He sat in the arm-chair thinking.
4. She came up to us breathing heavily.
5. The hall was full of laughing people.
6. The singing girl was about fourteen.
7. Having read the book I gave it to Pete.
8. The large building being built in our street is a new school – house.
9. Having finished the experiment the students left the laboratory.
10. Being busy, he postponed his trip.
11. Having been written long ago, the manuscript was impossible to read.
12. Having been built of concrete, the house was always cold in winter.

Упражнение 2.
Раскройте скобки, употребив причастие настоящего времени в активной и пассивной форме.

1. (To impress) by the film, they kept silent.
2. (To lose) the book, the student couldn’t remember the topic.
3. He spent the whole day (to read) a book.
4. (To travel) around America for a month, she returned to England.
5. He watched Mike (to go) out of the door and (to cross) the street.
6. The question (to discuss) now is very important.
7. (To pack) in the beautiful box the flowers looked very lovely.
8. (To descent) the mountains, they heard a man calling for help.
9. (To reject) by everybody he became a monk.
10. (To show) the wrong direction, the travelers soon lost their way.

Упражнение 3.
Раскройте скобки, употребив Indefinite или Perfect Participle I. Переведите.

1. (To write) out all the words, I started to learn them.
2. (To buy) food, they left supermarket.
3. (to bark) dog doesn’t bite.
4. She entered the room (to smile).
5. (To drink) coffee she was talking to her friend.
6. (To find) the keys, we were able to open the door.
7. (To make) the report, Tom left the room.
8. (To see) her he raised his hat.
9. My task (to finish), I went to bed.
10. While (to learn) the pronunciation of the words we learned their meaning.

Упражнение 4.
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на причастие прошедшего времени.

1. He doesn’t like boiled milk.
2. I remember well his words said at the meeting.
3. We don’t like the book bought last week.
4. The stolen things were returned to the owner.
5. Asked about this event, he replied nothing.
6. The explanation given was not complete.
7. When burnt, coal produces heat.
8. The results received were of great importance for the further work.
9. When reconstructed the theatre looked more beautiful than before.
10. She showed us a list of the newly published books.

Упражнение 5.
Раскройте скобки, употребив причастие прошедшего времени. Переведите.

1. The letter (to write) by him was very long.
2. We are interested in the goods (to produce) by this factory.
3. She didn’t understand the word (to say) by him.
4. He didn’t see the things (to keep) in her box.
5. I don’t like the video (to buy) yesterday.
6. This is the house (to build) many years ago.
7. The question (to put) to the professor was important.
8. When (to offer) to work abroad, he refused.
9. The article on agriculture (to publish) in this magazine was written by Smith.
10. You can get the book (to recommend) by our teacher in the library.
11. When (to use) for building purposes, concrete is very important.
12. When (to complete) the new building will accommodate 3000 students.

Упражнение 6.
Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на сложные дополнения с причастие прошедшего времени.

1. He wants the documents sent by airmail.
2. They want the goods shipped on Monday.
3. I saw the letters received.
4. I must have my shoes cleaned.
5. She wants to have these documents sent off at once.
6. Why have you had the walls of your room painted blue?
7. They showed us a list of the goods sold.
8. I found the key lost.
9. I heard it was said for several times.
10. He wants the work done immediately.