Spotlight 8 Module 4D

еng. сause - причина

Causative form

каузативный оборот

причинный, побудительный

Watch and listen:

This situation means: Lisa asked somebody else to repair her roof. She didn’t repair it herself

Causative form

• Сложное дополнение, используется для обозначения действия, выполняемого кем-либо для лица, обозначенного подлежащим.
• Действие не выполняется объектом
• Объект побуждают к действию
• Образуется с ограниченным числом каузативных глаголов:

• have, get, make, let, help, … (в активном залоге)
• have, get (в пассивном)

Causative form

He had his jacket cleaned.

Ему почистили пиджак

(He didn't clean it himself.)

Он не сам себе чистил пиджак.

Causative form

Subject + have +

( подлежащее)

object + V 3

(прямое дополнение)

Ann is having her hair done.

Causative form

She is having her hair done.

She is doing her hair.

Present Simple

Present Continuous

Past Simple

Past Continuous

Present Perfect

Past Perfect

She has her room painted.

She is having her room.

She had her room painted.

She was having her room painted.

She has had her room painted.

She had had her room painted

Present Perfect Continuous

Future Simple

Infinitive

V ing

Modal verbs

She has been having her room painted.

She will have her room painted.

She wants to have her room painted

She likes having her room painted.

She should have her room painted.

Change the sentences using the causative forms:

1 ) I won’t fix the car myself

I will have the car fixed.

• They didn’t repair the fence themselves.

They had the fence repaired.

• She isn’t making the dress herself.

She is having her dress made.

• They aren’t going to paint the house themselves.

They are going to have the house painted.

• They don’t develop their film themselves.

They have their film developed.

Altered Images (page 64)

Look at the posters on your bedroom wall. Brad Pitt has got great skin, hasn't he? Penelope Cruz has got a fantastic figure, right? The truth is, no they haven't - at least not all the time. Film stars, pop stars and models have bad days, too. just like everyone else. They get spots and blemishes every now and then and they 1) put on a few extra pounds from time to time, too. So how come we never see those photos? Well, to start with. advertisers think that we don't want to 2) see pictures of people looking less than perfect. What's more, the stars themselves 3) pay their publicists lots of money to make sure their pictures are perfect every time. This means that every photo we see on the cover of a glossy magazine has been retouched. Stomachs are flatter, legs are longer, lips are fuller and waists are slimmer. Although we know this, we still can't help comparing ourselves to these 4) unreal images and feeling unhappy about the way we look. What we should do is say, "Wow! This photo is really phoney!" and laugh at the fake beauty we see in media images or better still 5) ignore them altogether. No one looks perfect 100% of the time, and we shouldn't let the media 6) influence how we feel about ourselves.

New words

Choose the variant :

Сhoose the variant:

Causative form in active

• Указывается, кто конкретно выполняет работу

Схема образования:

to have somebody (to) do something

Please, have your brother bring my books

Causative form in passive

• Важно само действие, исполнитель не важен.
• Встречается чаще, чем в активной форме

Схема образования:

to have\get (to) something done

Please, have my books brought to me

The difference

• Have передает ответственность, часто указывает на результат; частица «to» не употребляется после

• Get побуждает что-либо сделать, выражает процесс убеждения; необходима частица «to» после

Check yourself:

2 She will have a dress made. (Ей сошьют платье).

3 He had his car fixed yesterday. (Его машину починили вчера).

4 She had her nails done yesterday. (Она сделала вчера маникюр).

5 He's having his shoes mended. (Его обувь починена).

6 She's having the house painted (Ее дом покрашен).

7 He's having his suits cleaned (Его костюм почищен).

8 They're having the film developed (Их фильм разработан).