Ссылка на видео "The Wings of our Victory" (YouTube)

План текста
1)Роль авиации в ВОВ
2)Истребитель - наиболее знаменитые
3)Какие самолёты использовались в боях
4)Лётчики совершившие героические поступки
5)Роль авиации в победе ВОВ

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BGqTTOJe1GQ

1. This year our country is celebrating the 70th anniversary of the Victory over

fascist invaders. Time moves that memorable day farther and father from us

– the 9^th of May, 1945, the day when the Soviet people and

all the peoples of the liberated countries celebrated the long-awaited victory.

Turning our thoughts and memory to the events of World War Two, to its spectacular battles, we are proud to say that the historic victory was objective.

And no doubt The Soviet aviators played their important part during the severe years of the war. They crushed the enemy in the air, on land and at sea. Without the great participation of the Soviet Air Forces we cannot imagine any important operation of the Red Army.

Slide (Victory Parade)

00:55 – 02:47

2. The beginning was not victorious! On the 22^nd of June, 1941 the Soviet Air Forces lost a lot of aircrafts on the airdromes because of the unexpected Germans’ attacks.

03:12 – 05:08

3. Here I must say if those attacks hadn’t been so effective, it wouldn’t have been easier for our pilots to fight.

In spite of the fact that in 1938-1940 Soviet designers made the newest aircrafts Yak-1, LaGG-3, MiG-3, Il-2, Pe-2, there were too few of them in the Soviet Air Forces.

Slide (Yak-1, LaGG-3, MiG-3, Il-2, Pe-2)

4. Most Soviet pilots had to fight flying rather old I-15, I-16, TB-3.

Slide (I-15, I-16, TB-3)

5. They were much slower than German Messerschmitt Bf 109, Heinkel He 111, Junkers 87, Junkers 88.

Slide (Messerschmitt Bf 109, Heinkel He 111, Junkers 87, Junkers 88)

6. But Soviet pilots fought bravely: on the 22^nd of June 1941 they shot down more than 200 fascist aircrafts. Our people will never forget the heroes who performed suicidal ramming attacks against air, ground or naval targets Nicholay Gastello, Victor Talalikhin, Yekaterina Zelenko, Ivan  Ivanov and others. During the whole war the Soviet Air Forces made more than 580 ramming attacks.

Slide (Nicholay Gastello, Victor Talalikhin, Yekaterina Zelenko, Ivan  Ivanov)

7. Let me say some words about the famous battle of Britain. After it Winston Churchill, prime minister of the UK said about the heroism of the British pilots, “Never was so much owed by so many to so few”. Of course, the 10^th of June – the 31^st of October 1940 were the most severe days of Great Britain: the waves of German planes attacked London and other important cities, but during that long period of air fights Great Britain lost 930 planes, and Germany 1623. Only compare 200 shot down German aircrafts during one day and 1623 ones during 113 days!

Slide (Winston Churchill, Battle of Britain)

8. Only by 1943 due to producing a lot of newest fighter aircrafts La-5 and Yak-9 the strength of the Soviet Air Forces grew so much that they gradually wrested control of the skies from the Luftwaffe.

Slide (La-5 and Yak-9)

9. All the Soviet people worked and collected money to supply the Red Army and the Soviet Air Forces.

25:51 – 26:45

10. Before the battle of Kursk to combat the Luftwaffe, the Soviet Union could deploy some 3,000 fighter aircrafts. Since that time Ju 87, the nightmare, the terror of Europe, the dive-bomber which played a very important part in all the operations of the Luftwaffe [ˈlʊftˌvɑːfə] began sufferring heavily, and to the end of the war as our aircrafts gained air supremacy it was replaced by ground-attack versions of Fw 190. And the best German Fighter aircrafts only fought with ours if German groups were twice as big as Soviet ones.

11. The Soviet Union was the only country where women could become pilots of the Soviet Air Forces. In 1941 Major Marina Raskova set up a special training center where girls learnt to fly Yak-1, Pe-2 and Po-2 known as ‘kukuruznic’.

Slide (Marina Raskova)

12. The girls formed three aviation regiments, and the most famous of them became the 46^th Night Bomber Aviation Regiment.

For the 1^st time the girls’ regiment fought at Stalingrad and took part in every battle including the battle for Berlin in 1945. It was that regiment that learnt to fly at night with their engines switched off and attack the enemy unexpectedly. The Germans called our girls the ‘night witches’. Maria Smirnova, one of the ‘night witches’ flew 3,260 missions – that is about 2 missions for every day of the war!

19:42 –21:20

13. You must agree without a good pilot any aircraft is just a heap of metal, wood and plastic. Russian and later Soviet pilots were excellent let alone they were brave people and real patriots of their Motherland. Many of them were aces. We’re going to tell about the most outstanding.  Aleksandr Pokryshkin and Ivan Kozhedub were three times Heroes of the Soviet Union, as many as Marshal Georgy Zhukov).

Slide (Alexander Pokryshkin, Ivan Kozhedub and Georgy Zhukov)

14. Alexander Pokryshkin started the war flying the MiG-3 in 1942 he flew Yak-1, in those aircrafts he shot down 21 Germans. In 1943, his regiment converted to lend-lease Airacobras. Alexander Pokryshkin modified one Airacobra which became his favourite aircraft. The Luftwaffe ordered its pilots to stay on the ground if they knew Alexander Pokryshkin was in the air.

He shot down 59 enemy aircraft during World War II.

Pokryshkin was the greatest tactician of the Soviet Air Forces. He introduced many tactical principles. His famous motto sounded as "Height [haɪt], speed, maneuver [məˈnuːvə], fire!"

By the end of the war, his ideas had been published, and he gave lectures to young pilots.

Slide (Alexander Pokryshkin and Airacobra)

15. Ivan Kozhedub started the war in March 1943. 

Kozhedub holds the record for the highest number of air combat victories of any Soviet or Allied [əˈlaɪd] pilot (effectively the Allied [əˈlaɪd] "Ace of Aces") as he shot down 62 enemy aircraft during World War II.

Slide (Ivan Kozhedub  and La-5)

16. Aleksey Maresyev was awarded one Golden Star of the Hero of the Soviet Union. But he is really an outstanding person.

By April 1942 he had shot down 4 planes, but on the 4^th of April he was shot down and injured. He crawled on his hands for 18 days and nights, his legs got badly frostbitten and had to be amputated.

But Aleksey Maresyev did not give up and learnt to fly with prosthetic [prɒsˈθɛtɪk] legs. During a fight in August 1943, he shot down three German FW-190. In total, he completed 86 combat flights and shot down 11 German aircrafts. His story became the basis for a novel by Boris Polevoy, ‘TheStory of a Real Man’, and a subsequent film

17. Many different peoples have been living in our country for a very long time. Every people (the Russians, the Tartars, the Karelians) has its own traditions, but all over the world we are called the Russians. Our great pilots Belarussian [ˌbɛləˈrʌʃən] Николай Шутт, Georgian [ˈdʒɔːdʒ(ɪ)ən] Отари Чечелашвили, German [ˈdʒɜːmən] Nicholay Gastello, Jew [dʒuː] Полина Гелман, Kazakh [ˈkæzæk] Талгат Бегелдинов, Kumyk [ˈkumik] Юсуп Акаев, Лак Амет-Хан Султан, Russian Alexander Pokryshkin, Tatar [ˈtɑːtə] Тамерлан Ишмухамедов, Ukrainian Ivan Kozhedub and 2457 others became heroes of the Soviet Union during World War II.

Slide (Николай Шутт, Отари Чечелашвили, Nicholay Gastello, Полина Гелман, Талгат Бегелдинов, Юсуп Акаев, Амет-Хан Султан, Alexander Pokryshkin, Тамерлан Ишмухамедов, Ivan Kozhedub)

18. In our history there have been many feats of arms that are difficult to overestimate because very often they were very important to Russia and the whole world.

The Great Patriotic War and World War II proved it again and again. Millions of citizens, children, women and old people, turned into warriors and fought for our Motherland, our future.

In conclusion, I want to say we must not forget our glorious past and be proud of it. It helps us to build the future of our country.

Slide (Victory Parade)

5. Despite the fact that before the war the Soviet KB been developed

latest designs of aircraft, they received a small amount. therefore, the majority

Soviet aircraft were I-15, I-16, TB-3, which

significantly like a German

Messerschmitt Bf 109, Heinkel He 111, Junkers 87, Junkers 88 and others. But our brave pilots

selflessly fought for their country, on the first day of the war

they made 6,000 sorties, shot down more than 200 enemy aircraft, caused considerable damage to the advancing enemy.

Messerschmitt Bf 109

Heinkel He 111

Another front-line bomber aircraft was Tupolev design. Tests have shown that the Tu-2 was superior to all existing at that time frontline bombers. it's speed is almost 100 kilometers exceed the speed of the main German serial bomber "Junkers-88". The plane had high ceiling and could carry a large bomb load. It introduced its contribution to the achievement of victory over Nazi Germany. In September 1942 first production Tu-2 were sent to the front for passage military trials. Pilots praised the new veterans bomber. They liked the ease of development of the aircraft, a good scheme defensive fire, increased survivability of aircraft engines cooling, the possibility of a confident flying on one engine. during Martial tests Tu-2 showed excellent quality. It's speed reached 547 km / h, the ceiling - 9.5 km with a bomb load of 1 ton. In the case the need for TU-2 took up to 4 tons of bombs.

1. В этом году наша страна отмечает 70-летие со дня Победы над фашистскими захватчиками. Время все дальше отодвигает от нас тот памятный день - 9 мая 1945 года, когда советский народ и народы освобожденных стран праздновали долгожданную Победу. Обращаясь мыслями и памятью к событиям Второй мировой войны, к ее грандиозным битвам, мы с гордостью отмечаем, что историческая Победа, была закономерной. Огромную роль в суровые годы войны сыграли и воины-авиаторы. Лётчики успешно громили врага в воздухе, на суше и на море. Без участия авиации в годы Великой Отечественной войны не проводилась ни одна операция Советских Вооруженных Сил. Завоевав в середине 1943 года стратегическое господство в воздухе, они удерживали его до конца войны и тем самым создали условия для успешного проведения крупнейших стратегических наступательных операций, оказали решающее влияние на исход войны.

The beginning was not victorious! On the 22^nd of June , 1941, the unexpected

Germans attack resulted in a loss for the first day of the war many

aircraft.The beginning was not victorious! June 22, 1941, the unexpected

Germans attack resulted in a loss for the first day of the war many aircraft.

Начало было отнюдь не победоносным! 22 июня 1941, неожиданные атаки немцев привели к потере в первый же день войны многих самолётов.

1. 00:55 – 02:47

1. 03:12 – 05:08

1. In spite of the fact that in 1938-1940 soviet designers made the newest aircrafts Yak-1, LaGG-3, MiG-3, Il-2, Pe-2, there were too few of them in the Soviet Air Forces, and our pilots had to fight flying I-15, I-16, TB-3 that were much worse than German Me-109, He-111, Ju-87 and Ju-88. but Soviet pilots fought bravely: on the 22^nd of June 1941 they shot down more than 200 fascist aircrafts. Our people will never forget the heroes who performed suicidal ramming attacks against air, ground or naval targets Nicholay Gastello, Victor Talalikhin, Yekaterina Zelenko, Ivan  Ivanov and others. During the whole war the Soviet Air Forces made more than 580 ramming  attacks.

1. Here we should say some words about the famous battle of Britain. After it Winston Churchill, prime minister of the UK said about the heroism of the British pilots, “Never was so much owed by so many to so few”. Of course, the 10^th of June – the 31^st of October 1940 were the most severe days of Great Britain: the waves of German planes attacked London and other important cities, but during that long period of air fights Great Britain lost 930 planes, and Germany 1623. Only compare 200 shot down German aircrafts during one day and 1623 ones during 113 days!

1. Only by 1943 due to producing a lot of newest fighter aircrafts La-5 and Jak-9 the strength of the Soviet Air Forces grew so much that they gradually wrested control of the skies from the Luftwaffe.

2. In the wake of the defeat at Kursk, Ju 87s played a vital defensive role on the southern wing of the Eastern Front. To combat the Luftwaffe, the Soviets could deploy some 3,000 fighter aircraft. As a result, the Stukas suffered heavily. SG 77 lost 30 Ju 87s in August 1943 as did SG 2 Immelmann, which also reported the loss of 30 aircraft in combat operations.^[151] Despite these losses, Ju 87s helped the XXIX Army Corps break out of an encirclement near the Sea of Azov.^[152] The Battle of Kiev also included substantial use of the Ju 87 units, although again, unsuccessful in stemming the advances. Stuka units were with the loss of air superiority, becoming vulnerable on the ground as well. Some Stuka aces were lost this way.^[153] In the aftermath of Kursk, Stuka strength fell to 184 aircraft in total. This was well below 50 percent of the required strength.^[154] On 18 October 1943, StG 1, 2, 3, 5 and 77 were renamed Schlachtgeschwader (SG) wings, reflecting their ground-attack role, as these combat wings were now also using ground-attack aircraft, such as the Fw 190F-series aircraft. The Luftwaffe's dive-bomber units had ceased to exist.^[155]

Towards the end of the war, as the Allies gained air supremacy, the Stuka was being replaced by ground-attack versions of the Fw 190.^[34] By early 1944, the number of Ju 87 units and operational aircraft terminally declined. For the Soviet summer offensive, Operation Bagration, 12 Ju 87 groups and five mixed groups (including Fw 190s) were on the Luftwaffe's order of battle on 26 June 1944/

On 26 October, General der Schlachtflieger Ernst Kupfer reported the Ju 87 could no longer survive in operations and that the Focke-Wulf Fw 190F should take its place. Milch finally agreed and ordered the minimal continuance of Ju 87 D-3 and D-5 production for a smooth transition period.^[80] In May 1944, production wound down. 

1. С этого времени печально знаменитый Ю-87, ужас Европы и первых лет ВОВ фактически сошёл с боевой сцены на Восточном фронте из-за огромных потерь. В то время как Ме-109 и ФВ-190 стали вступать в бои с советскими истребителями только в случае значительного количественного превосходства.

Before the battle of Kursk to combat the Luftwaffe, the Soviet Union could deploy some 3,000 fighter aircrafts. Since that time Ju 87, the nightmare, the terror of Europe, the dive-bomber which played a very important part in all the operations of the Luftwaffe [ˈlʊftˌvɑːfə] began sufferring heavily, and to the end of the war as our aircrafts gained air supremacy it was replaced by ground-attack versions of Fw 190. And the best German Fighter aircrafts only fought with ours if German groups were twice as big as Soviet ones.

The first Yak-9 entered service in October 1942 and first saw combat in late 1942 during the Battle of Stalingrad. The versatile Yak-9 operated with a wide variety of armament for use in anti-tank, light bomber and long-range escort role. At low altitude in which it operated predominately, the Yak-9 was faster and more maneuverable than its main foe, the Messerschmitt Bf 109. A series of continual improvements in performance and armament allowed its pilots to excel at dog-fighting. Soviet pilots regarded the Yak-9's performance as on the same level as the Messerschmitt  Bf 109G and  Focke-Wulf 190A-3.

They said the same words about La-5 that entered service in July 1942

Alexander Pokryshkin

Pokryshkin was the great tactician of the Soviet Air Force during the  World War II . He introduced many tactical principles,. His famous motto sounded as "Height, speed, maneuver, fire!". It became popular in the air armies and was adopted by pilots.

the Luftwaffe ordered its airmen to stay in the ground if they knew he was in the air.

By the end of the war, his writings had been published and distributed to all Soviet pilots, and he toured fighter regiments extensively lecturing young pilots on his techniques.

Pokryshkin started the war flying the MiG-3 fighter, in which he scored almost twenty victories. The unit was given the honor "16th Guards Fighter Regiment" in March 1942. At this time, or soon after this, the unit received some Yak-1s, in which Pokryshkin also scored victories. In January 1943, his regiment converted to lend-lease BellP-39 Airacobras which was Pokryshkin’s favourite aircraft.

Ivan Nykytovych Kozhedub 

Ivan Nykytovych Kozhedub was a Soviet military aviator ^[1][2] and a World War II fighter ace. 

Kozhedub holds the record for the highest number of confirmed air combat victories of any Soviet or Allied pilot (effectively the Allied "Ace of Aces") during World War II.^[4] He is regarded as the best Soviet flying ace of the war.

Kozhedub's World War II record consists of:

330 combat missions

120 aerial engagements

62 enemy aircraft shot down, including one Me 262 jet fighter

Aleksey Maresyev was sent to the front to serve as a fighter pilot. By April 1942 he had shot down 4 planes, but on the 4^th of April he was shot down injured he crawled on his hands for 18 days and nights, his legs got badly frostbitten and had to be amputated. But Aleksey Maresyev did not give up and learnt to fly with prosthetic legs. During a dog fight in August 1943, he shot down three German FW-190 fighters. In total, he completed 86 combat flights and shot down 11 German aircrafts. He was awarded the Golden Star of the Hero of the Soviet Union  in August 1943. His story became the basis for a novel by Boris Polevoy, ‘TheStory of a Real Man’, and a subsequent film

Night witches.

The Soviet Union was the only country where women could become pilots of the Soviet Air Forces. In 1941 Major Marina Raskova set up a special training center where girls learnt to fly Jak-1 (The 586th Fighter Aviation Regiment), Pe-2 (The 125th Guards Bomber Aviation Regiment) and Po-2 known as ‘kukuruznic’ (The 46th Taman Guards Night Bomber Aviation Regiment). For the 1^st time the girls’ regiment fought at Stalingrad and took part in every battle including the battle for Berlin in 1945. it was that regiment that learnt to fly at night with their engines switched off and attack the enemy unexpectedly. The Germans called our girls the ‘night witches’. Maria Smirnova, one of the ‘night witches’ flew 3,260 missions – that is about 2 missions for every day of the war!

19:42 –21:20

soviet people for the front

25:51 – 26:45

Many different peoples have been living in our country for a very long time. Every people (the Russians, the Tartars, the Karelians) has its own traditions, but all over the world we are called the Russians. Our great pilots Belarussian [ˌbɛləˈrʌʃən] Николай Шутт, Georgian [ˈdʒɔːdʒ(ɪ)ən] Отари Чечелашвили, German [ˈdʒɜːmən] Nicholay Gastello, Jew [dʒuː] Полина Гелман, Kazakh [ˈkæzæk] Талгат Бегелдинов, Kumyk [ˈkumik] Юсуп Акаев, Лак Амет-Хан Султан, Russian Alexander Pokryshkin, Tatar [ˈtɑːtə] Тамерлан Ишмухамедов, Ukrainian Ivan Kozhedub and 2457 others became heroes of the Soviet Union during World War II.

Slide (Николай Шутт, Отари Чечелашвили, Nicholay Gastello, Полина Гелман, Талгат Бегелдинов, Юсуп Акаев, Амет-Хан Султан, Alexander Pokryshkin, Тамерлан Ишмухамедов, Ivan Kozhedub)

In our history there have been many feats of arms that are difficult to overestimate because very often they were very important to Russia and the whole world.

The Great Patriotic War and World War II proved it again and again. Millions of citizens, children, women and old people, turned into warriors and fought for our Motherland, our future.

In conclusion, I want to say we must not forget our glorious past and be proud of it. It helps us to build the future of our country.

Slide (Victory Parade)

Свыше 200000 авиаторов были награждены орденами и медалями, 2420 лётчиков стали героями, 65 дважды героями, 2 трижды.

В боях и на аэродромах было уничтожено более 57000 немецких самолётов

Героизм и отвага воинов наших доблестных Советских Вооруженных Сил никогда не померкнут в веках. Они живут в бесчисленных песнях, народных сказаниях и легендах.

Роль авиации в победе СССР в Великой отечественной войне несомненно огромна. Именно стратегическое господство в воздухе в 1943-1945 г.г. обеспечивало успех действиям наземных войск. За 4 года войны СССР создал совершенно новую техническую и научную базу авиации, которая определила ее дальнейшее развитие на многие годы вперед. 

В Великой Отечественной войне победили наши славные Вооруженные Силы. Они не только выдержали чудовищной мощи удар, но и сломали хребет гитлеровским полчищам, повергли в прах самую мощную военную машину империалистического мира того времени, достойно выполнили свою патриотическую и интернациональную миссию. За годы войны Вооруженные Силы СССР провели девять военных кампаний, основу которых составили свыше 50 наступательных и оборонительных операций стратегического масштаба, а также 250 фронтовых операций. В ходе их наши Вооруженные Силы разгромили и пленили 607 вражеских дивизий. Одни только эти факты убедительно свидетельствуют о масштабах битвы с фашизмом, о высоком уровне стратегического и оперативного руководства, о боевом мастерстве военных кадров, о силе духа и стойкости всех наших воинов.