Департамент образования мэрии города Новосибирска
Дворец творчества детей и учащейся молодежи «Юниор»
Научно-практическая конференция учащихся
9-11 классов
Секция: Английский язык (культурология)
Statistics of mental illnesses in Russia and America
Автор: Тишкина Полина Андреевна,
МАОУ «Лицей №9»,
9 класс, Центральный район г. Новосибирска
Консультант проекта: Рогожникова Виктория
Александровна,
учитель английского языка
первой квалификационной категории
Контактный телефон руководителя:
8 913 380 32 95
Новосибирск
2021-2022
Портфолио проекта
Проект : Статистика психических заболеваний в России и Америке
Участники проекта: Тишкина Полина Андреевна
Консультант проекта: учитель английского языка первой квалификационной категории Рогожникова Виктория Александровна.
Класс: 9
Название, номер учебного учреждения, где выполнялся проект: МАОУ «Лицей №9», Центрального района, города Новосибирска.
Предметная область: английский язык, культурология.
Время работы над проектом: август 2021 г. - ноябрь 2021 г. (долгосрочный).
Проблема проекта: насколько сильны различия в психическом здоровье людей из разных стран, в частности России и Америки.
Цель проекта: провести сравнительное исследование некоторых психических заболеваний в России и Америке по статистическим данным и проанализировать результаты.
Задачи: - изучить особенности некоторых распространенных психических заболеваний в России и Америке;
- провести сравнительный анализ ментальных заболеваний в России и Америке;
- составить список рекомендаций для улучшения психического здоровья человека.
Тип проекта (по виду деятельности): социопсихологический , исследовательский.
Используемые технологии: мультимедиа.
Форма продукта проекта: доклад (мультимедийная презентация для недели иностранных языков) с таблицами и иконографикой.
Содержание: поиск информации по истории исследования ментальных заболеваний в разные периоды времени в Америке и России, проведение сравнительного анализа статистических данных по психическим проблемам в этих странах, а также истории с выявлением причин и факторов разницы данных.
Исследование: - изучение статистических данных в разные временные промежутки по вопросу психических заболеваний в России и Америке, сравнительный анализ вышеизложенного и на основе данных создание списка наиболее эффективных мер для поддержания психического здоровья.
Область применения результата проекта: - учебная (уроки английского языка, языковые погружения, классные часы); - внеклассная работа (кружковая работа по углубленному изучению английского языка, родительские собрания и др.); - социальная (сотрудничество, помощь учителям, работавшим в нашей школе, профориентация - презентация материалов на неделе иностранных языков для специализированного педагогического класса.
Результативность: создана мультимедийная презентация по теме, создан список наиболее эффективных мер для поддержания ментального здоровья человека на основе статистических данных.
Plan:
Page
Introduction 5
Importance of mental health 6
Overall statistics 6
Depression statistics America 7
Depression statistics Russia 7
Bipolar Disorder statistics America 8
Keep calm 9
Conclusion 11
References 12
Application 13
Introduction
The topic of my project is a comparison of the statistics of mental illnesses in Russia and America, and I, Tishkina Polina, a student of Lyceum №9, class 9 “B”, am honored to provide you with the results of my efforts.
For many years I was interested in psychology, and now, studying English in depth, I asked myself the question - how strong is the psyche of people from different countries? How do various events in countries affect the psyche of the people living on its territory? Have people become more resilient to traumatic events over the course of their journey or not? I decided to take America and Russia as the objects of my research, since both of these countries have an eventful history, and people in these countries also grow up in rather different conditions.
My project was created just to answer this question.
The hypothesis we are going to substantiate is that mental health is a worldwide problem.
The following aims were set in the work on the project:
comparing the statistics of mental illnesses in both countries;
searching possible reasons for these situations from country’s history;
memorizing how to improve our mental health.
There are following tasks:
to do a research on several different mental illnesses/disorders;
to compare the information;
to find ways to improve our mental health;
to do a list of things you can do to keep calm.
During our work at the topic we have used following methods of study:
method of historical research;
method of narration and description;
method of statistical observation:
method of analysis and comparison.
Importance of mental health
The discussion of mental health has become a taboo of some sort in today's society. There's a certain type of fear when the topic comes up; it's almost like we're afraid of being labeled or being called "crazy." But what many fail to realize is how far that silence is holding us back from fixing such a critical problem. Just like our physical health, mental health is a crucial part of our daily lives that deserves our undivided attention...
According to the National Alliance of Mental Illness (NAMI)1, one in five American experience mental health issues which translates to more than 40 million adults a year. Being healthy emotionally can promote productivity and effectiveness in activities like work, school or caregiving. It plays an important part in the health of your relationships, and allows you to adapt to changes in your life and cope with adversity. Stress is inevitable in our lives, but we must learn to manage it. If we lose this control, it can turn into chronic stress and ultimately, contribute to migraines, fatigue, muscle tension, and even worse, heart attacks. Managing stress and maintaining good mental health can lead to being able to handle the ups and downs of life in a better way, make better life choices, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and it can help you discover your own potential.
Caring for your mind is just as important as caring for your body. Not only will you live longer, you will live better. Like treatments for the flu or diabetes, there are many ways to ease depression and mental illnesses, like meditation, therapy, writing in your journal, exercising, or just simply talking about it with a friend. Don't let your mental struggles define what's in store for your future. Let's not ignore this issue.
Overall statistics
To better understand why world mental health is such a pressing issue, let’s take a look at some of the key statistics in this area. We’ve collated data from a variety of sources to examine the current state of global mental health:
A 2017 study estimated that 792 million people lived with a mental health disorder of some kind, translating to 10.7% of the global population. The most prevalent were anxiety (284 million people, 3.8% of the population) and depression (264 million people, 3.4% of the population).
Data published in 2015 estimated that mental disorders are attributable to 14.3% of deaths worldwide, or approximately 8 million deaths each year.
According to the World Health Organisation, depression can lead to suicide, which contributes to over 700,000 deaths every year. Suicide is the fourth leading cause of death in 15-29-year-olds.
Despite there being effective treatments for mental health disorders, over 75% of people in low- and middle-income countries receive no treatment for them.
A study into mental health issues during the COVID-19 pandemic found that global prevalence was higher than before the pandemic. Although estimates varied widely between countries, global data suggests 28.0% for depression; 26.9% for anxiety; 24.1% for post-traumatic stress symptoms; 36.5% for stress; 50.0% for psychological distress; and 27.6% for sleep problems.
Depression statistics in America
Depression is a common illness worldwide, with an estimated 3.8% of the population affected, including 5.0% among adults and 5.7% among adults older than 60 years. Approximately 280 million people in the word have depression.
According to depression statistics from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 9 percent of adult Americans have feelings of hopelessness, despondency, and/or guilt that generate a diagnosis of depression. At any given time, about 3 percent of adults have major depression, also known as major depressive disorder, a long-lasting and severe form of depression. In fact, major depression is the leading cause of disability for Americans between the ages of 15 and 44, according to the CDC. Understanding these very real depression statistics helps paint a fuller picture of the impact of depression in America.
All of this mental carnage is occurring at a time when decades of social and political division have set against each other black and white, men and women, old and young. Beyond bitter social antagonisms, the country is racked by mass shootings, the mind-bending perils of the internet, revelations of widespread sexual predation, the worsening effects of climate change, virulent competition, the specter of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, grinding student debt and crises in housing, health care and higher education. The frightening environment helps cause depression, depression causes catastrophic thinking, and catastrophic thinking makes the environment seem even more terrifying than it is.
Depression statistics in Russia
As far as Russian mental health professionals’ opinion is concerned, they largely agree that the WHO statistics is way too conservative. According to Stanislav Poltorak,2 who is the leading researcher at the St. Petersburg V.M Bekhterev Psychoneurological Research Institute, depressions may affect as much as 25% of Russian population, whereas the majority of practicing psychotherapists assume that 20% is more or less accurate estimation based on their clinical experience. According to Vladislav Plotnikov, 3 the researcher at the International Centre for Economics, Management and Health Policy of the Higher School of Economics, the real percentage of the population suffering from depression and anxiety disorders varies between 10% and 20%.
The difference of opinions can be partially attributed to widespread negative attitude towards psychiatry among Russian population. People are afraid of being labelled as ‘crazy’ or ‘mad’. For the male population seeking help for mental health issues is largely associated with being ‘wimpy’ and ‘weak’ which is not in line with the cultural perception of being male. That is why the so-called ‘masked depression’ and untreated depressive conditions are very common in Russia.
It comes as no surprise that sales of antidepressants did not exceed $ 0.03 billion during the first 10 months of 2016 (as per Russian Association of Pharmacy Chains) in contrast to the US where sales reached $ 9.6 billion in 2016. On top of that it was reported that sales of antidepressants in Russia fell by 0.5% during this period, compared to a previous year. Interestingly, prices for these products were going up more slowly than for any other drugs in Russia. It is important to notice, however, that antidepressants are not included in the list of drugs covered by social funds and costs associated with the purchase of antidepressants are entirely on the patient’s shoulders.
Bipolar disorder
Bipolar disorder,4 formerly known as manic depression, is a mood disorder that causes radical shifts in mood, energy, and the ability to carry out everyday tasks. People with bipolar disorder experience periods of intense emotions and changes in behavior, called “mood episodes,” which can last days to weeks.
Depressive episodes have symptoms of a depressive disorder, causing a person to feel a strong sense of sadness with low energy and motivation. Manic episodes are the opposite—one can feel energetic, optimistic, and even euphoric—which can lead to irrational, impulsive decision-making. The type and intensity of symptoms of bipolar disorder vary from person to person.
Each year it is estimated that around 5.7 million adult Americans are struggling with bipolar disorder. This equates to about 2.6 percent of the adult population. Approximately 4.4 percent of them will develop this disorder at some point in their lives.
The majority of those diagnosed with bipolar disorder are within the 18 to 29 range, followed by those 30 to 44, then the 45 to 59 years of age. Nearly 83 percent of adults in the U.S. will experience severe impairment from the disorder.
Although the median age of onset for bipolar disorder is about 25 years old, the condition can appear at any age, and it is quite common among those aged 13 to 18 years old.
The adolescent group rivals the adults in terms of percentages. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, around 2.9 percent of adolescents had bipolar disorder.
However, because there aren’t as many adolescents as there are adults in the U.S., naturally, there will be fewer numbers overall.
The exact cause of bipolar disorder is unknown, but several factors may be involved, such as:
Biological differences. People with bipolar disorder appear to have physical changes in their brains. The significance of these changes is still uncertain but may eventually help pinpoint causes.
Genetics. Bipolar disorder is more common in people who have a first-degree relative, such as a sibling or parent, with the condition. Researchers are trying to find genes that may be involved in causing bipolar disorder.
Factors that may increase the risk of developing bipolar disorder or act as a trigger for the first episode include:
Having a first-degree relative, such as a parent or sibling, with bipolar disorder
Periods of high stress, such as the death of a loved one or other traumatic event
Drug or alcohol abuse
Keep calm
All of the diseases I have listed are wholly or partially provoked by stress and trauma that a person has experienced during his life. It is worth not being mistaken that these deviations can appear only in adults - depression in our time is far from rare. I decided to make a list of those things that will help at least temporarily cope with stress. The list is geared towards teens my age.
I'm acknowledging simply that I am afraid, not that I am in danger. The thought that I am in danger is just another symptom of panic, not an important or useful thought.
Wait & Watch (and maybe, Work)
Jumping into action too quickly is a big obstacle to overcoming panic attacks.
So, even though you have a powerful urge to leave, postpone that decision for a little bit. Don't tell yourself you CAN'T leave - keep that option open so you don't feel trapped - but put off the decision about whether or not to leave. Stay in the situation. You don't need to run away to get relief. Let relief come to you.
Your job is to see if you can make yourself a little more comfortable while waiting for the attack to end. And if you can't even make yourself a little more comfortable, then your job is just to wait for it to end.
This step is here because you might start feeling better, then feel another wave of panic. Your first reaction might then be to think "Oh No, it didn't work!". The Repeat step is here to remind you that it's OK if that happens. Just take it from the top again. It's not unusual or dangerous. You may go through several cycles, and you just need to repeat the AWARE steps again, as often as you need.
This is here to remind you that your panic attack will end; that all panic attacks end; that they end regardless of how you respond; that it's not your job to make the attack end; and that your only job is to make yourself as comfortable as possible while waiting for the attack to end.
Again, if you feel like a panic attack is going to happen, try not to panic. Try to focus on things that you have. Try counting your fingers, red spots on your favorite rug, or you can just remember the song that used to calm you down as a kid. Ask yourself some questions: what can I see, what can I feel, what can I hear, what do I feel. Think of at least 5 answers for each question.
Did you know taking as little as six deep breaths can reduce the symptoms of anxiety by up to 30%? Focusing on your breath centres your mind and gives you a calm, relaxed feeling. It prevents overwhelming thoughts and situations from taking control of you - allowing you to manage them in a productive manner. When you next feel like you’re pushed against a wall with nowhere to go, just focus on your breath. Slow, deep breaths through your nose and out through your mouth. It allows you to tell your brain that you’re taking control. Because of this you will feel better equipped to overcome the scenario that you’re faced with.
Another way to change your perspective in a tough situation is to get outside of your own head a bit.
Do that by asking yourself: what would «X» do in this situation?
Some good people or characters that you could use for the «X» and this question are:
Find a person in your life or someone from a book, movie etc. that you truly like and ask yourself what he or she would do to find a new perspective.
Conclusion
In conclusion I would like to say:
In our country, there is definitely a prejudice against mentally ill people, and I believe that our people should devote more time to study information related to psychology.
In the United States, they are definitely much more responsible for maintaining their mental health in a normal state.
The percentage of people suffering from mental illness in Russia is higher than in America regarding the comparative characteristics.
There is a number of effective ways for teenagers to maintain calm and mental health like Acknowledge & Accept, Wait & Watch, Actions, Repeat and End.
References
Information sources:
Мюллер. В.К. Новый англо-русский словарь. – М.: Русский язык, 2004. – 880 с.
Algeo John. The origins and development of the English language. Wadswoth, Gengage Learning, 2010. – 348 c.
Jenny Dooly, Virginia Evans. Grammarway 3.- Newbury: Graham Business Park, 2015. – 272 с.
Sue Kay, Vaughan Jones, Daniel Brayshaw. Focus 3 Student’s book. – Harlow: Pearson, 2020. – 160 c.
The Pocket Oxford Russian Dictionary//comp. by J. Coulson. – М.: ИНФРА– М, 2002. – 624 с.
Internet sources:
https://bekhterev.ru/
https://www.bipolar-lives.com
https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/bipolar-disorder
http://viperson.ru/people/plotnikov-vladislav-aleksandrovich
https://www.singlecare.com/blog/news/depression-statistics/
https://socialpronow.com/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bipolar_disorder
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Alliance_on_Mental_Illness
Application
I'm acknowledging simply that I am afraid, not that I am in danger. The thought that I am in danger is just another symptom of panic, not an important or useful thought.
Wait & Watch (and maybe, Work)
Jumping into action too quickly is a big obstacle to overcoming panic attacks.
So, even though you have a powerful urge to leave, postpone that decision for a little bit. Don't tell yourself you CAN'T leave - keep that option open so you don't feel trapped - but put off the decision about whether or not to leave. Stay in the situation. You don't need to run away to get relief. Let relief come to you.
Your job is to see if you can make yourself a little more comfortable while waiting for the attack to end. And if you can't even make yourself a little more comfortable, then your job is just to wait for it to end.
This step is here because you might start feeling better, then feel another wave of panic. Your first reaction might then be to think "Oh No, it didn't work!". The Repeat step is here to remind you that it's OK if that happens. Just take it from the top again. It's not unusual or dangerous. You may go through several cycles, and you just need to repeat the AWARE steps again, as often as you need.
Recommendations for a panic attack
Again, if you feel like a panic attack is going to happen, try not to panic. Try to focus on things that you have. Try counting your fingers, red spots on your favorite rug, or you can just remember the song that used to calm you down as a kid. Ask yourself some questions: what can I see, what can I feel, what can I hear, what do I feel. Think of at least 5 answers for each question.
Did you know taking as little as six deep breaths can reduce the symptoms of anxiety by up to 30%? Focusing on your breath centres your mind and gives you a calm, relaxed feeling. It prevents overwhelming thoughts and situations from taking control of you - allowing you to manage them in a productive manner. When you next feel like you’re pushed against a wall with nowhere to go, just focus on your breath. Slow, deep breaths through your nose and out through your mouth. It allows you to tell your brain that you’re taking control. Because of this you will feel better equipped to overcome the scenario that you’re faced with.
Another way to change your perspective in a tough situation is to get outside of your own head a bit.
Do that by asking yourself: what would X do in this situation?
Some good people or characters that you could use for the X and this question are:
Winnie the Pooh.
Mom or dad.
Your calm and wise friend.
Find a person in your life or someone from a book, movie etc. that you truly like and ask yourself what he or she would do to find a new perspective.
1 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Alliance_on_Mental_Illness
2 https://bekhterev.ru/
3 http://viperson.ru/people/plotnikov-vladislav-aleksandrovich
4 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bipolar_disorder
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