Teaching pathways. How to teach speaking

Teaching pathways

HOW TO TEACH SPEAKING

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учитель английского языка МБОУ ЕУВК «Интеграл»

Долженкова Ирина Владимировна

What is speaking?

Speaking is an interactive process of constructing meaning that involves producing and receiving and processing information

(Brown,1994; Burns & Joyce, 1997)

Speaking is

“ the process of building and sharing meaning through the use of verbal

and non-verbal symbols,

in a variety of contexts ”

(Chaney, 1998)

*produce the English speech sounds and sound patterns

*organize their thoughts

in a meaningful and logical sequence

TO TEACH SPEAKING IS TO TEACH LEARNERS TO:

TO TEACH SPEAKING IS TO TEACH LEARNERS TO:

* use word and sentence stress,

intonation patterns and the rhythm

of the second language

* use language

as a means

of expressing

values and

judgments

TO TEACH SPEAKING IS TO TEACH LEARNERS TO:

* select appropriate words and sentences according to the proper social setting, audience, situation and subject matter

Teachers should create a classroom environment where students:

* have real-life communication;

* authentic activities;

* meaningful tasks that promote oral language

This can occur when students collaborate in groups

to achieve a goal or to complete a task

The following are some activities that offer possibility

of the learners to interact with other

Discussions

The students may aim to arrive at a conclusion, share ideas about an event, or find solutions in their discussion groups.

The purpose

of the discussion activity is set by the teacher

Whatever the aim is, the students should always be encouraged to ask questions, paraphrase ideas, express support, check for clarification

ROLE PLAY

Students pretend they are in various social contexts and they have a variety of social roles

The teacher gives information to the learners

such as who they are and what they think or feel

SIMULATIONS

* Simulations are very

similar to role-plays

but what makes

simulations different

than role plays is that

they are more

elaborate

* Students can bring

items to the class to

create a realistic

environment

INFORMATION GAP

* Students are supposed

to be working in pairs

* One student

will have the information

that other partner doesn’t have

* The partners will share their information

These activities are effective

because everybody has the opportunity

to talk extensively in the target language

BRAINSTORMING

* On a given topic, students can produce ideas in a limited time

* Depending on the context brainstorming is effective and learners generate ideas quickly and freely

* The good characteristic

of brainstorming

is that the students are not criticized for their ideas

* So they will be open to sharing new ideas

STORYTELLING

Students can briefly summarize a tale or story they heard from somebody beforehand, or they may create their own stories to tell their classmates

Storytelling fosters creative thinking .

It also helps students express ideas in the format of

• beginning
• development
• ending ,

including the characters and setting a story has to have

STORY COMPLETION

This is a very enjoyable, whole-class, free-speaking activity for which students sit in a circle. For this activity, a teacher starts to tell a story. Then, each student starts to narrate from the point where the previous one stopped.

Students can add new characters, events, descriptions.

REPORTING

Before coming to class, students are asked to read a newspaper or magazine and, in class, they report to their friends what they find as the most interesting news

PICTURE NARRATING

This activity is based on several sequential pictures

Students are asked to tell the story taking place in the sequential pictures

by paying attention to the criteria provided by the teacher as a rubric.

Rubrics can include the vocabulary or structures they need to use while narrating

PICTURE DESCRIBING

For this activity students can form groups

Each group is given a different picture.

Students discuss the picture with their groups.

Then a spokesperson for each group describes the picture to the whole class .

This activity fosters the creativity and the imagination of the learners as well as their public speaking skills .

FIND THE DIFFERENCE

Students in pairs discuss the similarities and/or differences in the pictures

SUGGESTIONS FOR TEACHERS

IN TEACHING SPEAKING