Практическое занятие по английскому языку по теме The heart and circulation

UNIT 6 The Heart and Circulation

Цель: научиться рассказывать о строении сердечно-сосудистой системы, причинах и симптомах заболеваний сердца.

heart - сердце

blood circulation – кровообращение

capillary – капилляр

oxygen – кислород

valve – клапан

vein – вена

ventricle – желудочек

shortness of breath – одышка

get short of breath – задыхаться

heart failure - сердечная недостаточность

The cardiovascular system is the system of blood circulation. It includes the heart, the arteries, the veins and the capillaries.

The centre of the circulatory system is the heart. The contractions of the heart pump blood through the arteries to all parts of the body. When the deoxygenated blood goes to the lungs, it becomes oxygenated and gives oxygen to the whole body.

There are four chambers in the heart. The top two chambers are called the atria. There's a left atrium and a right atrium. They receive blood from the body and lungs. The bottom two chambers are the ventricles. They give blood to the body and lungs. The valves separate the atria from the ventricles.

The vascular system consists of three groups of vessels – arteries, veins and capillaries. The general system consists of vessels carrying blood to and from the tissues. The pulmonary system is formed by the vessels carrying blood to and from the lungs. An artery is a vessel carrying blood from the heart. A vein is a vessel carrying blood to the heart.

6.1 Complete the sentences using the information from the text.

1. The cardiovascular system is …

2. The centre of the cardiovascular system is …

3. The contractions of the heart …

4. The deoxygenated blood goes …

5. The oxygenated blood gives …

6. Two chambers on the top are called …

7. Two chambers on the bottom are …

8. The valves separate …

9. The vascular system consists of …

10. An artery is …

11. A vein is …

Shortness of breath is dyspnoea. It may be present because of physical activity such as climbing stairs, or at rest.

I get terribly short of breath climbing stairs.

Patients say:

Orthopnoea is shortness of breath when lying flat. A patient usually sleeps raised up on two-three pillows.

How many pillows do you sleep on?

Doctor can ask:

The normal resting heart rate is 65-75 beats per minute. The heart rhythm may be regular or irregular. In an irregular rhythm (arrhythmia), there may be premature beats.

In fibrillation rhythm is completely irregular. Patients describe this symptom as palpitations.

I get short of breath when I ...

1. dyspnoea

I feel ... breathe in and out.

2 arrhythmia

I have to sleep ...

3 orthopnoea

My rhythm is … I would describe it as ...

4 fibrillation

6.3 Complete the conversation with the words from the box.

Doctor: What seems to be the problem?

Patient: I’ve been getting (1) ……….. .

Doctor: How long have you had them?

Patient: For about six (2)………., with tiredness and (3) ………. of (4)……… . I can’t walk more than a (5) ……… metres without a stop. I have to sleep on three (6) ……….. .

6.4 Work in pairs. Make up a dialogue between a doctor and a patient using their possible questions and answers in the box. Play by roles.

a orta |eɪˈɔːtə| – аорта

tricuspid valve |traɪˈkʌspɪd| |vælv| – трехстворчатый клапан

pulmonary artery |ˈpʌlmən(ə)rɪ| – лёгочная артерия

pulmonary veins – лёгочные вены

mitral valve |ˈmaɪtr(ə)l| – митральный клапан

Heart failure occurs when the heart is unable to maintain the amount of blood pumped by the heart for the body’s needs. Heart failure may be left-sided, right-sided, or both. In left heart failure the main symptom is shortness of breath. The symptoms of right heart failure include oedema of the face, feet and ankles.

6.5 Make word combinations using a word from each box. Look at B and C

to help you.

rhythm

failure

of the face

heart

short of breath

beats

get

irregular

premature

heart

left

oedema

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