The heroes' day of homeland

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for students in grades 8-11 on the topic

Purpose of the lesson:to form students' ideas about the feat and heroism shown by people of different professions, to cultivate a positive attitude towards such values ​​as duty and service to the Fatherland, patriotism; contribute to the preservation of historical memory and the connection of generations.

Emerging Values: social service, patriotism, historical memory and continuity of generations.

Lesson duration:30 minutes.

Recommended lesson form: conversation (the lesson involves the use of videos, group and interactive tasks, information analysis).

• scenario;

• guidelines;

• videos;

• presentation materials.

Part 1. Motivational.

Teacher.Today we will talk about the Day of Heroes of the Fatherland. This memorable date in Russia is traditionally celebrated on December 9th. On this day, we remember the heroes of our country, their exploits, and also thank those who have made a huge contribution to the development and strengthening of the security of our country.

Now I'm going to ask you a question that seems very simple: what do you think a hero is?

What heroes do you remember from our history? Do you know the heroes - our contemporaries? Student responses

Teacher. I'm not in vain I emphasize that the question of who a hero is only seems simple. As your answers show, a hero can be considered

a brave man who stands up for his people. It's true, we know such examples of heroes from our history. But a hero is not only a warrior.

Teacher. We will continue our conversation by watching an interview with the Hero of Russia Dmitry Perminov.

For what act did Dmitry Perminov receive such a high rank? In 1999, Dmitry Sergeevich participated in a counter-terrorist operation on the territory of the Republic of Dagestan. On August 29, there was a fierce battle, Dmitry and 7 other fighters held the defense in a large deep trench. At some point, an enemy grenade flew into the trench to our guys and fell on the back of a comrade lying next to Dmitry, who did not even notice this. Dmitry grabbed a grenade and risked his life to throw it out of the trench. What he did was enough to save the lives of his comrades.

Please listen to what Dmitry Sergeevich says about the hero and the feat.

Teacher. Each time requires its heroes. In historical moments, moments of external threat, those who defend the country with weapons became heroes. We remember our soldiers of the Great Patriotic War and other battles. Heroism was shown by the cosmonauts (Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin, German Stepanovich Titov, Alexei Arkhipovich Leonov) and those people who prepared their flights. We see that there are heroes now. These are the ones who save people in emergency situations: we remember well the heroism of our doctors at the beginning of the pandemic in 2020, the example of pilot Damir Yusupov is known, who was able to land a passenger plane and saved 233 lives.

Teacher. Guys, I suggest watching a few stories about real stories and think about what they have in common.

Plot 1.

Brave doctors saved the life of a young soldier by removing an unexploded shell from his chest.

The unit, which included junior sergeant Nikolai Pasenko, was ambushed during a special operation in Ukraine. Nikolai jumped off the BMP and returned fire on the enemy.

During the battle, something hit him on the edge of the bulletproof vest, but he, without losing consciousness, continued to go into battle.

Only colleagues, noticing a wounded soldier, took him away from the shelling and bandaged him. But no one could even imagine that there was an unexploded shell in the soldier's wound. Until the doctors found out.

From that moment on, their heroic work began: the surgeons, risking their own lives, operated on the soldier.

Nicholas was taken to a military hospital in Belgorod.

A team of military surgeons from the Central Military Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Defense of Russia miraculously managed to extract an unexploded ordnance that pierced the lungs, ribs and got stuck near the spine - near the soldier's heart.

Surgeons performed the most difficult operation in body armor, because Nikolai became a real walking bomb. They acted carefully, trying not to damage the vessels and not provoke internal bleeding. As a result, the operation was successful: the ammunition was safely removed and the life of the soldier was saved.

Sailor of the Pacific Fleet Aldar Tsydenzhapov - at the cost of his own life - saved the crew of the burning destroyer "Fast" and the ship itself from an explosion.

September 24, 2010.

The crew of the destroyer was on board and was preparing for a military campaign from Fokino to Kamchatka.

At 4 o'clock in the morning, a young sailor Tsydenzhapov from the small village of Aginskoye in the Trans-Baikal Territory took a watch in the ship's engine room as a boiler crew engineer.

10 minutes after the intercession, he heard an emergency alarm - the ship had a fuel leak and a fire broke out.

9 seconds - so much was enough for the hero to rush into the center of the fire and turn off the ship's power plant. The sailor saved 348 fellow soldiers and prevented perhaps one of the worst environmental disasters of the 21st century. But he himself received numerous burns.

Aldar was taken to the hospital of the Pacific Fleet in Vladivostok in serious condition.

For four days the doctors fought for his life, but on September 28 the brave sailor died.

He was less than a month away from the end of his service. Aldar was only 19 years old In his native village, everyone is proud of the young hero - one of the streets is named after him, and a memorial plaque has been installed at the school where he studied.

Aldar Tsydenzhapov was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation.

In 1978, an airport was opened in the village of Izhma in the Komi Republic. Small, but for the regional center and this was enough. True, as unnecessary at the beginning of the 2000s, it was liquidated, leaving only a helipad. And the runway was deleted from all registers, was not serviced and was not listed on the maps. For 12 years, on his own initiative, Sergei Sotnikov maintained it in order - he cleared vegetation and debris, updated the markings.

On September 7, 2010, it was this strip that saved the lives of the crew and passengers of the Tu-154 of the Yakut airline Alrosa.

The plane was flying along the route Udachny - Moscow, but a few hours after departure from Yakutia, a short circuit occurred on board, all radio equipment and electric pumps turned off, and the power supply went out. The engines ran on kerosene, which would not have been enough to get to a major airport.

The crew immediately realized that they would have to make an emergency landing. And the only place for this was the old runway in Izhma.

So the almost abandoned airport and the person who looks after it every day saved 81 lives.

The commander of the Tu-154, Evgeny Novoselov, was presented to the title of Hero of Russia a month later. And Sergei Sotnikov was awarded the medal of the Order of Merit for the Fatherland, II degree.

Teacher. Guys, what do you think these stories have in common? What thought did the authors want to convey to the audience, that is, you?

Students' responses.

It is important to come to the conclusion that people made a conscious choice.

Teacher. Medical workers have always saved and continue to save human lives. On the one hand, they are said to be real heroes of peaceful life. But, on the other hand, doctors are professionals who, following the centuries-old medical ethics, say: “Whatever house I enter, I will enter

there for the benefit of the patient ... ". It turns out that, like firefighters and rescuers, doctors are doing their duty? Is it heroism?

Students' responses.

It is important to come to the conclusion that duty is not heroism in the general sense.

Teacher. When does duty turn into a heroic deed?

Students' responses.

Teacher(in addition to students' answers) When people, knowing about the deep danger of the chosen business, sacrifice themselves, health and often life for the sake of other people.

Teacher. There are several real heroes in the first story. And the sergeant who continued to fight along with his comrades, and the surgeons who performed the most difficult operation in extremely dangerous conditions. Their task is clear - to save the life of the patient. But there could be a real explosion. What choice did the doctors make? After all, if the worst happened, several people could die at once - both the sergeant and the operational team.

Students' responses.

The conclusion is that the doctor's duty is to alleviate the suffering of the patient. They performed your duty.

Teacher. What choice did 19-year-old Aldar Tsydenzhapov make?

Students' responses.

Teacher(in addition to student answers)

19 years old is a very young age. He was only 2-3 years older than you. How could the situation develop if he had not spent those 9 seconds in the center of the fire, that is, burned almost 100%?

Students' responses.

He would have remained alive... Called for help... Although the loss of these seconds would have meant the explosion of the entire ship - no one would have survived or very few people.

Teacher. That is, the choice was between saving your life (and we understand that this was also unlikely) or sacrificing yourself for the sake of the entire crew? Look, we've been talking for over two minutes now. Then

same speech commanded about 9 seconds. Do you think Aldar had time to think?

Students' responses.

No. This decision he made, it turns out, without hesitation.

Teacher. Can his act be called heroic? Obviously, yes.

And did your almost the same age realize that he was accomplishing a feat?

Students' responses. Most likely no.

Teacher. Then not the glory of the hero, but what made him do this?

Students' responses.

Teacher (summarizing student responses). Indeed, we understand that each of the heroes faces a choice: his own life and health or the life, health and well-being of those who are next to him, no matter if it is one person or several hundred. The moral choice is the hardest choice in life. And the hero is the one who allows himself to do it for the benefit of others, for the benefit of his homeland.

Teacher. The hero of the last story did not lose his life or even his health at all. Just cleared the runway of the former operating airfield for 20 years. Is he a real hero? Is it possible to apply such a pathetic word to him?

Student responses.

No. This is not heroism, just a person believed that this should be done.

Teacher. But if not feedback, if Sergei Mikhailovich Sotnikov did not do his job for a salary (the airfield was closed, they stopped considering that it exists), for 20 years he kept what he considered fit for use. What choice did he make?

Student responses.

It is important to sound - the choice between "forget" and "keep". If the runway was done well and was not destroyed during these 20 years, then to keep it means in such a remote region - to give opportunity to be saved.

Teacher. Did Sotnikov think he would save people? If the plane had not landed, do you think it would have continued to take care of the runway for years?

Student responses.

Probably yes. This means that he considered himself responsible for the airfield facilities, he did not care what would happen to him.

Teacher. Then Sotnikov is a hero?

Student responses.

Yes, you can say that he is a hero. His moral choice is to do whatever it takes to save the runway—suddenly it happens to be needed. It happened, and he saved a hundred people simply by his responsible attitude to life.

Teacher. Guys, there is such a thing as "unconscious heroism." How do you understand it?

Student responses.

Teacher(in addition to answers). A number of studies have shown that a person has a predisposition to heroic behavior. Man is social by nature. By constantly living in a group, we are focused on helping others, expecting that we can get help in return. That is, helping others becomes our habit. And in an emergency, a person can act reflexively, save someone's life, risking his own. This is unconscious heroism.

Teacher. Scientists named incentives for achievement. What do you think included among them?

(in addition to students' answers) love for the Motherland, hatred for the enemy, camaraderie, mutual assistance, the desire to excel, and sometimes even receive an award. The reasons are different, but people are different. Which choice they make depends on the situation. But the following detail is very important: do they remember others, do they consider themselves worthy of the heroic past of our country.

Teacher. Guys, not only adults, but also children can become heroes. Can you give an example of a heroic act that someone your age did?

Students' responses.

Teacher. There are many such examples. There are a number of resources that acquaint us with the heroic deeds of the young inhabitants of our country.

Heard about the All-Russian public-state warm heart initiative?

Students' responses.

The teacher demonstrates the site presentation https://cordis.fondsci.ru/ (see additional materials)

Teacher. Here are the stories of "Hot Hearts" - children and young people who have shown indifference and active citizenship, selflessly came to the aid of people or overcame difficult life situations.

I recommend using the QR code to go to this resource, save it to your bookmarks, and get acquainted with the stories of young heroes in your free time.

And the situation of choice is always with us, and each person, each of you is a potential hero. A hero can commit an act that will change the course of history, will respond in the hearts of people. A hero is one who is not indifferent, who cares about the essence of things, for whom justice, duty, honor are the main words in life.

December 19, 2022