The History of Dimitrovgrad

Исследовательский проект 

Направление: английский язык

The history of Dimitrovgrad

(История Димитровграда)

г. Димитровград

2020

CONTENT

1. INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………………3

2. MELERESS-DIMITROVGRAD: HISTORY AND MODERNITY………………………

2.1. CULTURE AND SPIRITUALITY……………………………………………

2.2. INDUSTRY FROM PAST TO FUTURE…………………………………………..

2.3. MARKOV’S CONTRIBUTION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRY AND EDUCATION IN MELEKESS…………………………………………………………..

2.4. TOWN OF PEACEFUL ATOM. THE DEVELOPMENT OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND URBAN PROSPECTS………………………………………………

3. SOCIOLOGICAL SURVEY “ARE YOU A GOOD RESIDENT?”……………….

4. CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………………….

5. APPENDIX…………………………………………………………………………………

6. LIST OF LITERATURE…………………………………………………………………

1. INTODUCTION:

One of the main problems of mankind is various oncological diseases, and to combat them my town makes a big contribution, providing treatment to people in need from around the world. For better treatment, rehabilitation and a pleasant cultural pastime, patients could take traditional and virtual walks and excursions to the historical places of the city.

    Due to the expected influx of foreign and Russian citizens who want to undergo treatment at the Oncology Center for Nuclear Medicine, there is a place to be monitoring some of the historical places of the city to satisfy the interest of any patients.

Moreover, the fact that historical information of Melekess-Dimitrovgrad is taught in modern schools is very argumentative. There is no special course in school curriculum about the cultural and economic development of our hometown.

The aim of our project is to search for historical information of the most important events and places of Melekess-Dimitrovgrad.

The main objectives are:

• to collect the necessary information about the sights of the town;

• to find out the facts of the past of Melekess;

• to make a survey among the students and teachers of school 2 and observe students’ and analyze the results;

to conclude and work out some recommendations for cultural education of modern students town residents and patients of the Oncological Center.

Hypothesis: historical information about the past and present of the town is partially known to residents (students and teachers) and guests of the Dimitrovgrad.

    The appendix presents:

1. Theatrical Dimitrovgrad (see Appendix 1).

2. Construction of the railway in the Melekess settlement (see Appendix 2-4).

3. The diary of Nikolai Ivanovich Markov (see App. 5-6).

4. The temples of Melekess (see App. 7-9).

5. Questions of a sociological survey (see Appendix 10).

2. Melekess - Dimitrovgrad: history and modernity.

2.1. Culture and spirituality.

Since the beginning of 2011, the government of the Ulyanovsk Region has defined culture as a “breakthrough” project linking the economic and social spheres. The reference point was the program "Cultural Capital".

   Speaking about the theatrical life of Dimitrovgrad, I want to note that in our city there are several theaters: the national theater "Podium", the theater "Sphere" and the Drama Theater. A.N. Ostrovsky.

    The Drama Theater. A.N. Ostrovsky accumulated his cultural heritage in Melekess (now the town of Dimitrovgrad) since its foundation in 1943. The elegant, mixed architectural style of the building (the authors of the project are Samara architects A. Voloshinov and I. Krestnikov) was founded in 1908 with funds from the treasury and donations of citizens. Amateur performances were staged on its stage, dance evenings were arranged under the brass and string orchestras.

    In memory of the first performance staged at the Melekessky Professional Drama Theater based on the play “Late Love” of the 19th-century Russian playwright A. Ostrovsky, the theater bears his name. It has become a good tradition to meet the next theater season with the staging of one of his plays. Later, almost all the works of A.N. Ostrovsky, plays by A.P. Chekhov, M.G. Gorky and other Russian classics. Western classics was represented by W. Shakespeare, J.-B. Moliere and F. G. Lorca. In my opinion, it will be interesting for modern viewers to see theatrical productions of both the great Russian writers and Western classics.

    In the process of research, a problem arose that concerns all aspects of the cultural life of Dimitrovgrad. This is a lack of specific materials on the development of the theater. Having visited the Dimitrovgrad Museum of Local Lore, we managed to find a lot of new and informative information. For example, during the years of World War II, when Melekess turned into a rear town, the stage of the People’s House was occupied by a musical comedy theater evacuated from the city of Zhytomyr in 1941-1943. Despite the difficult wartime, Anna Sergeyevna Kalnitskaya, artistic director and stage director, managed to save the theater and created the conditions for workers to work.

    Currently, the Dimitrovgrad Drama Theater. A.N. Ostrovsky achieved a lot. Each year, actors receive awards in the nominations "Best Actor of the Year" and "Best Actress of the Year." But it seems to me that the most important achievement of the theater is that it actively attracts youth to culture. The theater is a place where residents come to relax and plunge into the atmosphere of art. He attracts live acting.

    To get acquainted with the religious culture of my city, patients of the Oncology Center for Nuclear Medicine can visit the Dimitrovgrad Orthodox churches and the only Muslim mosque, study the interior decoration, history, as well as the culture of the clergy.

    In 1896, a mosque was opened in Melekess. Unlike Orthodox churches, it was not destroyed; in Soviet times, only a minaret was demolished. In 1992, the minaret was restored and the mosque became operational. It is located at the former men's gymnasium on Dzerzhinsky Street.

    St. Nicholas Church was founded in 1897 at the expense of philanthropists. It always had a solemn festive look. People often called it “White Church” for its whiteness.

    Currently, there are three active cathedrals in Dimitrovgrad: two in the old town and one in the Western microdistrict. Near the bus station in the old part of the city is St. Nicholas Cathedral, built in 1988 by the architect M. Mokropolov.

2.2. Industry from the past to the future.

2.3 Markov's contribution to the development of industry and education in Melekess.

    The town of Dimitrovgrad owes its current position to the family of the merchant Markov. At the time Markov arrived in Melekess, the posad was nothing and was not known for its industry. Under the leadership of the merchant Markov, for 40 years the posad flourished, its economy strengthened and charity developed. At the beginning of his journey, the elder Markov had several taverns, shops and stone houses in his subordination, as well as great ambitions and a desire to help develop the city of Melekess.

    Gradually, Grigory Markov continued to improve the infrastructure of the city, opening several distilleries and a steam mill (which works to this day). In 1913, six steam mills and three water mills worked in the Posad. Melekess flour milling products were famous for their high quality.

    Under his leadership, the first foundry was opened, which became the basis of the modern Himmash plant, which produces unique equipment for the chemical industry.

    In 1859, Grigory Markov built and launched an iron foundry on the banks of the Melekess River, thereby laying the foundation for the development of the engineering industry in Melekess.

    Markov was worried not only by the industrial sphere of the town, but also by the educational part. With his assistance, male and female gymnasiums, city and parish schools, a Sunday school, a public library and a folk house with a theater were opened in Melekess.

    The state budget of the city made it possible to introduce universal primary free education in Melekess, which was given by seven elementary male and female schools. In 1897, the lower craft school was opened, which trained workers for the enterprises of the posad, the Mullov cloth factory. Many of her graduates became high-class specialists. Among them: I.K. Sivakov and A.I. Fedorov - the main mechanics of the flour mills Markov.

    In 1905, at the expense of Markov’s, a red-brick, two-story tower with a high hipped roof and wooden spiers upholstered with iron was built at the time, luxurious for the garden of that time. The tower was intended for an orphanage. Later there was a children's hospital at this place, and now - the Museum of Local Lore. It is located on Pronina Street, near the monument to Markov

    Not only Grigory Markov, but also his sons actively participated in the development of the city. In memory of their father, they built a public almshouse in Melekess, which contained people who had previously worked at the enterprises of Markov and had no relatives. A shelter was also built for 40 boys in memory of the deceased wife of one of the brothers who did not have children.

2.4 City of peaceful atom. The development of nuclear medicine and urban prospects.

In the second part of the 20th century, the construction of the Scientific Research Institute of Atomic Reactors began, which stirred the life of Melekess and influenced the choice of life priorities of the townspeople. Thanks to this institute, today's Dimitrovgrad has become an advanced scientific-industrial and cultural-educational city. Therefore, it was decided to build here the Federal High-Tech Center for Medical Radiology. With the cooperation of NIIARin the treatment center, doctors will be able to diagnose and treat cancer and cardiac diseases. The Nuclear Medicine Center will give a powerful impetus to the development of the city.

NIIAR is Russia's largest experimental nuclear complex, which has no equal in Europe. It was founded in 1956 at the initiative of the academician of nuclear physics I.V. Kurchatov. Within the walls of the institute, many discoveries of world significance were made, including new chemical elements and assistance in space exploration.

3. SOCIOLOGICAL SURVEY “ARE YOU A GOOD RESIDENT?”

In the course of the research, the question arose of how well the students and teachers of the school know the history of our hometown. A brief sociological survey showed that about 72% of respondents are not sufficiently informed about the history of Dimitrovgrad, 18% of graduates have only a superficial understanding, and 10% found it difficult to answer.

    Below are the results of a sociological survey.

 Based on the results of a sociological survey, it can be concluded that it is necessary to increase the level of historical awareness of the history of his native city among modern schoolchildren and young people in general.

   A source of rich historical material can serve as materials and expositions of the Museum of Local Lore in Dimitrovgrad: “Nature of the native land”, “From the past of Melekess”, “Merchant’s shop”, “Living Earth”, “Master Cluster”, “Melekesses in the battles for the Motherland” ), as well as my research work.

4. Conclusion.

    During the creation of the research work, materials were presented on the history of Dimitrovgrad, its cultural, spiritual and economic development. The research demonstrated the significant contribution of the merchant Markov to the economy of Melekess and the development of his educational potential. Particular attention was paid to the historical features of my hometown, its attractions, culture, as well as religious monuments. Finally, this work presents facts about the development of nuclear energy and emphasizes the relevance of nuclear medicine in connection with the opening of the Federal High-Tech Center for Medical Radiology in the town. The results of a sociological survey confirmed the hypothesis of a research work that it is necessary to educate not only guests of the town and patients of the cancer center, but also modern students.

5. Appendix.

1. “In Russia there are about one and a half thousand cities like Dimitrovgrad, but only a few of them have their own theaters. And it seems to me that Dimitrovgrad is rightfully called a science city. On the example of Dimitrovgrad, we can proudly say that Russia will never become scarce with talents. ”

2. “Over the course of three hundred years of history, our city has repeatedly changed its status and territorial subordination. It grew and developed, its population increased, but only the amazing nature surrounding it remained unchanged. Equally important was the geographical location of the posad - the crossroads of trade routes of the Middle Volga. Therefore, it so happened that by the beginning of the twentieth century Melekess had already become a fairly large industrial and commercial center of the Samara province. ”

3. “At the very end of the XLX century, in the Melekess Posad, the construction initiators established the Office of the Melekess railway access road from the Volga pier on the left bank to Melekess. Many, especially local merchants and large merchants, such as the Markov brothers, the owners of the Melekessky winery and brewery, and large nobles, landowners, were interested in organizing such construction. The construction and operation of the new railway track was beneficial to everyone: from local peasants who could make decent money during the construction process, to local commercial structures interested in the profitable investment of their free cash. ”

4. “The presence of the railway and its further construction favorably affected the fate of the Melekess settlement. Here industry, trade quickly developed, new enterprises were built. The information note of the museum of local lore reflects the main pages of the history of the railway in the Soviet period. For 2002, 17 access roads of enterprises were listed at Dimitrovgrad station. ”

5. “In 1963, he agreed to organize a museum of local lore in the city. Guiding his work on a voluntary basis, Nikolai Ivanovich united enthusiasts around him - local historians. ”

6. “In 1977, the city museum already received the status of a state and became a branch of the Ulyanovsk Regional Museum of Local Lore. In 1978, the museum celebrated a housewarming party in one of the most beautiful old buildings of the city along Pronina Street. Nikolai Ivanovich devoted a significant part of his life to local history. And, all doubts, the passion for past affairs, the traditions of antiquity deeply awakened in him under the influence of conversations with Stepan Georgievich Dyrchenkov. During his life, Stepan Georgievich conducted scientific and local history work. At 79, he became a candidate of science, was personally acquainted with the writer Korolenko, and transferred a lot of his experience to Markov N.I. ”

7. “At the end of the 16th century, the small village of Melekess had 3 Christian churches, 1 mosque and an Old Believer prayer house. In churches, Orthodox Christians were baptized, crowned, funeral services, and communed with God through divine services. The temple accompanied a person all his life! ”

8. “At St. Nicholas Church there was a women's parish school, opened in 1894. It was housed in its own building, built at the expense of parishioners in 1908, but the Posadsky Administration was allocated funds for maintenance. Trained in it 90 girls. They heated and guarded the church at the expense of the local Posad administration. At the school there was a library for extracurricular reading, consisting of 350 copies of literature. ”

9. “Today in Dimitrovgrad there are 2 churches: St. Nicholas, St. Great Martyr George the Victorious and the chapel of the Icon of the Mother of God of Kazan. In the church of St. George the Victorious, work began on the painting of the interior. The foundation of the chapel was laid in memory of those killed in the war. The administration of the region supported the idea of ​​building the Church of the Transfiguration of God in Dimitrovgrad. "

10. Questions of a sociological survey.

1) What was the first production staged at the Melekess Drama Theater?

A) “Thunderstorm” A.N. Ostrovsky

B) “Flying over the cuckoo’s nest” K. Kesey

C) "Late love" A.N. Ostrovsky

D) "Anna Karenina" L.N. Tolstoy

  2) What was the name of St. Nicholas Church in common people?

A) The Pearl of the Volga

B) The White Church

C) The gates of paradise

D) The Lost Temple

  3) Which enterprise of the merchant Markov laid the foundation for the engineering industry in Melekes?

A) Distillery

B) Steam mill

C) Iron foundry

D) Foundry

 4) What socially useful activities did the Markov family do?

A) Opened a lower craft school

B) Built a poorhouse

C) Opened city gymnasiums and schools

D) Opened a park of Russian literature

6. LIST OF LITERATURE.

1. Галимов Р. Р. Театральный Димитровград. \ ред. А.И. Валиева, А.А. Фролова, О.В. Веселова \\ Актуальные проблемы современного гуманитарного образования. – Вып.7.-2011.-С.88-90.

2. Смирнова Л. Строительство железной дороги в посаде Мелекесс. \ ред. С.В. Цынк, О.В. Веселова \\ Актуальные проблемы современного гуманитарного образования. – Вып.2.-2006.-С.127-133.

3. Мочалина Е. Николай Иванович Марков. \ ред. С.В. Цынк, О.В. Веселова \\ Актуальные проблемы современного гуманитарного образования. – Вып.2.-2006.-С.134-137.

4. Димитровград \ О. Ряскова [и др.] \\ Димитровград. – 16 апреля 2013. -С.54-75,76-89,152-169.

5. А. Мостипан, Е. Филиппова, А. Илиндеева. Храмы Мелекесса. \ ред. С.В. Цынк, О.В. Веселова \\ Актуальные проблемы современного гуманитарного образования. – Вып.1.-2005.-С.81-87.