The pronuncation of the Affix (Ed)

THE PRONUNCIATION OF -ed

1. If the word finishes with ( d ) or ( t ), this affix is pronounced as / id /.

• Added
• Cheated
• Coated
• Decided
• Ended

• Enlisted
• Headed
• Invited
• Painted
• Visited

2. If the verb finishes with f, k, p, ph, s, sh, ch, and x letters or sounds, this affix is pronounced as / t / .

• Passed
• Washed
• Jumped
• Watched

• Cooked
• Coughed
• Kissed
• Stopped

3. If the word finishes with b, g, l, m, n, r, th, v, w, y, and z letters or sounds, this affix is pronounced as /d/ .

• Followed
• Loathed
• One-armed
• Long-legged
• Open-eyed
• Pinned
• Canned
• amused

• Loved
• Called
• Robbed
• Climbed
• Begged
• Signed
• Cried
• ordered

4. If the words with ( ed ) affix is used as an adjective, it is pronounced as / id /.

• Aged wine -/ id /
• That cursed -/ id /
• My beloved -/ id /
• Learned man -/ id /
• Naked eye -/ id /

• You’ve aged - / d /
• He cursed me - / t /
• He is beloved - / d /
• I’ve learned - / t /

Listen to these past tense verbs and put them in the right column, according to the pronunciation of –ed. You will hear each word twice.

helped, offered, reached, saved, missed, started, lived, needed, discovered, looked,called, tried, invited, asked, jumped, waited

/t/

/d/

/id/

ANSWERS: helped, offered, reached, saved, missed, started, lived, needed, discovered, looked,called, tried, invited, asked, jumped, waited

/t/

/d/

Helped

Reached

Missed

Looked

Asked

jumped

/id/

Offered

Saved

Lived

Discovered

Called

Tried

Started

Needed

Invited

waited