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The syntax. Phrases.

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What is syntax, phrases, linguistics.  

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«The syntax. Phrases.»

SYNTAX  (PHARASES)

SYNTAX (PHARASES)

WHAT IS “SYNTAX”? Knowing a language includes the ability to construct phrases and sentences out of morphemes and words. The part of the grammar that represents a speaker’s knowledge of these structures and their formation is called “syntax”. In other words, syntax is the study of sentence patterns of language. The aim of this study is to show you what syntactic structure is and what the rules that determine syntactic structure are like.

WHAT IS “SYNTAX”?

  • Knowing a language includes the ability to construct phrases and sentences out of morphemes and words. The part of the grammar that represents a speaker’s knowledge of these structures and their formation is called “syntax”.
  • In other words, syntax is the study of sentence patterns of language.
  • The aim of this study is to show you what syntactic structure is and what the rules that determine syntactic structure are like.
What meant by “structure” here, is word order . The meaning of a sentence depends on the order in which words occur in a sentence. Compare the following sentences: I sing because I am happy. I am happy because I sing. The two sentences above have the same categories and number of words , but different in structure (words order); thus, they have different meanings .
  • What meant by “structure” here, is word order . The meaning of a sentence depends on the order in which words occur in a sentence. Compare the following sentences:
  • I sing because I am happy.
  • I am happy because I sing.
  • The two sentences above have the same categories and number of words , but different in structure (words order); thus, they have different meanings .
SYNTACTIC CATEGORY Syntactic category is a set of words and/or phrases in a language which share a significant number of common characteristics. Syntactic categories commonly include: 1. Parts of Speech: (Determiner, Adjective, Noun, Pronoun, Preposition, Adverb, Auxiliary, Verb), etc; 2. Phrase Structure Grammars: (Noun Phrase, Adjective Phrase, Verb Phrase, Adverb Phrase, Preposition Phrase); and 3. Sentence, as the core of the structure.

SYNTACTIC CATEGORY

  • Syntactic category is a set of words and/or phrases in a language which share a significant number of common characteristics.
  • Syntactic categories commonly include:

1. Parts of Speech:

(Determiner, Adjective, Noun, Pronoun, Preposition, Adverb, Auxiliary, Verb), etc;

2. Phrase Structure Grammars:

(Noun Phrase, Adjective Phrase, Verb Phrase, Adverb Phrase, Preposition Phrase); and

3. Sentence, as the core of the structure.

PHARASE: A phrase is a sequence of words or a group of words arranged in a grammatical construction, and functions as a unit in a sentence. There are five commonly occurring types of phrase. They are: Noun Phrase (NP); Adjective Phrase (AdjP); Verb Phrase (VP); Adverb Phrase (AdvP); and Preposition Phrase (PP).

PHARASE:

  • A phrase is a sequence of words or a group of words arranged in a grammatical construction, and functions as a unit in a sentence.
  • There are five commonly occurring types of phrase. They are:
  • Noun Phrase (NP);
  • Adjective Phrase (AdjP);
  • Verb Phrase (VP);
  • Adverb Phrase (AdvP); and
  • Preposition Phrase (PP).
PHRASE STRUCTURE TREE Phrase structure tree (also called constituent structure tree ), is a tree diagram with syntactic category information provided. A phrase structure tree shows that a sentence is both linear string of words and a hierarchical structure with phrases nested in phrases (combination of phrase structures) A phrase structure tree is a formal device for representing speaker’s knowledge about phrase structure in speech.

PHRASE STRUCTURE TREE

  • Phrase structure tree (also called constituent structure tree ), is a tree diagram with syntactic category information provided. A phrase structure tree shows that a sentence is both linear string of words and a hierarchical structure with phrases nested in phrases (combination of phrase structures)
  • A phrase structure tree is a formal device for representing speaker’s knowledge about phrase structure in speech.
We can streamline the tree by writing the words only once at the bottom of the diagram. Thus, the phrase structure tree of the sentence above can be shown as follow:
  • We can streamline the tree by writing the words only once at the bottom of the diagram.
  • Thus, the phrase structure tree of the sentence above can be shown as follow:
BASIC PHRASE  STRUCTURE RULES: S → NP VP NP → (Det) (Adj) N (PP) VP → V (NP) (PP) (Adv) PP → P NP

BASIC PHRASE STRUCTURE RULES:

  • S → NP VP
  • NP → (Det) (Adj) N (PP)
  • VP → V (NP) (PP) (Adv)
  • PP → P NP


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