TRANSPORT OF THE FUTURE
Орехова Анастасия
Луганский национальный университет им. В. Даля, ЛНР, г. Луганск
Институт транспорта и логистики, кафедра транспортных систем, гр. ТЛ – 771м
Научный руководитель:
Гребеник И.А.
[email protected]
Currently, a vehicle such as a private car is available to almost everyone. The increase in the number of cars aggravates transport problems in the city. For example, streets are crowded with cars, there is not enough parking space, and the quality of urban air is deteriorating. Therefore, we can say that it is very important to take care not only about the number of vehicles in the city, but also about the comprehensive development of urban transport systems.
Development takes place in three directions:
to increase in the speed;
to improve the comfort of movement;
the use of energy-and resource-saving technologies.
We will consider 4 main types of transport – road, air, water, rail.
Development of electric cars, pedal cars, cars, hybrids, cars powered by nuclear fuel.
It is possible that new aircraft will replace modern cars.
Lark-4 " is equipped with an on-Board computer that monitors and prevents pilot errors. It is equipped with an anti-theft system of identification "friend or foe", he makes takeoffs and landings at a given point, at the loss of consciousness of the pilot takes control.
Chinese Yee flying machine was demonstrated more than two years ago. This machine is not yet able to fly, but in the near future will be able to do it.
This car doesn’t look similar to the normal car in appearance, it looks like more like a small spaceship. Chinese scientists have also taken care of the environment as this vehicle is equipped with solar batteries.
The aircraft from the Dutch scientists PAL-V one has already passed successful tests on the ground and in the air. In fact, this is not a flying car, but rather a tricycle with propellers (like a helicopter).
American model of flying car ( designed by Terrafugia Transition) is a two-seater aircraft that can travel on the roads, as well as fly, using gasoline as a fuel. This car is equipped with a parachute, which can provide safety to the passengers on the ground.
Military and civil developments of supersonic water and air transport
Reconnaissance aircraft of new generationS R-72
Expected characteristics SR-72: 6 — fold excess of the speed of sound and hypersonic speed-6000 km/h. At this speed, the scout will be absolutely unattainable for air defense.
Skylon, an ultra-fast aircraft that can travel five times faster than the speed of the sound and go into the orbit of the Earth, meaning that enter the space.
The rocket plane designed by XCor.
Lynx Mark II is equipped with rocket engines and is able to accelerate to 3.5 thousand kilometers per hour which allows to fly into the space.
Development of water transport and super-cavitation
In the world of marine technology, the focus is on the development and implementation of the idea of super cavitation. This effect is born when a layer of gas bubbles is formed around the object in the liquid (imagine a submarine surrounded by bubbles). The gas reduces friction by almost 900 times the normal value, which allows you to move objects through the water quickly.
According to scientists, in conditions of super-cavitation it is possible to accelerate the boat up to 5 800 km / h.
Development of high-speed railway transport: Maglev, Hyperloop and Skytrane
Maglev- is the official name for the train on a magnetic cushion. It is set in motion by the action of the electromagnetic field and, in fact, levitating in the air (hence the name is "Maglev" — magnetic levitation). The lack of wheels reduces friction, which allows to reach high speed. The highest speed record of Maglev was established in 21 April 2015 Japan — 603 km/h.
Japanese superpowers normally accelerate up to 300 km/h now. It is assumed that in 12-15 years there will be new L0 series trains, which will accelerate up to 500 km/h. the Japanese Authorities expect that high-speed railway will be the transport of the future in the country by replacing cars and planes.
Sunny train. This is a SolarBullet development based on the use of Solar energy. The lines of the high-speed train will be equipped with canopies with solar panels, and energy will be transmitted through the rails.
Hyperloop is a system powered by solar energy: a kind of steel pipe which will be driven by aluminum capsules carrying passengers at a speed of more than 1200 km / h
SkyTran is an air railway project, which involves the creation of a personal urban railway transport.
The SkyTran system operates on the principle of magnetic levitation, but the carsMaglev will not go above, but below. At the same time, the wagons themselves will be quite small, they are designed to carry two or four people. Capsules will run on average every 30 seconds. Passengers will be able to call them via SMS or via a special application in the smartphone.
SkyTran trailers can travel at an average speed of 70 kilometers per hour, accelerating to 250 km/h at special high-speed sections.
Prospects for the development of urban transport.
Personal urban vehicles in the electric drive, is rapidly gaining popularity among residents of Metropolitan areas, include: wheelbarrow, e-bike, electric skateboard, electrostat, gyrometer and
Toyota has released a car specifically for single city drivers. Toyota I – ROAD is an ultra-compact three-wheeled electric vehicle that can go through even the smallest cracks between other cars when driving on the roads, which will allow it to overcome traffic jams much faster.
However, this is not a fact that private cars will be completely replaced in the future. For instance, following the popular worldwide systems of public Bicycle rental, there are urban systems of short-term car rental.
In 2006, Toronto announced plans to create a "high-speed, all-season, environmentally friendly and ultra-quiet transit system that will make people healthier." Velo-city (the name of the project) will work perfectly in cold conditions, as cyclists will be inside the pipe which will protect them from bad weather.
The project called M-Blem proposes to transform these old railway lines into a new urban transport network. The M-Blem system will not only partially relieve the traditional traffic jams, but also revive the areas along which these personal trailers will run.
SCARAB is something smooth and streamlined, vaguely reminiscent of a motorcycle, but closed and with plenty of room for Luggage. It can be controlled manually, as well as use autopilot. SCARAB is running on batteries, biofuels and gasoline. The vehicle is operating on four wheels, but during the parking it converts into a vehicle with a two wheels.
New modes of transport that were mentioned above is only a small part of all those improvements that made by humanity over the past few years. Some of them are currently operating systems, others are currently testing, others are too futuristic and too expensive (but they can be implemented in the near future). However, all of them are already helping the society to solve the present environmental problems that people have emerged as a result of human activity.
Reference:
1. Gulia N. V., Yurkov S. The new concept of electric car: Science and technology – 2010 - №2.
2. Cars: Nauch.-pop. Ed. for children. M.: ROSMEN-PRESS, 2002.
3. Dolmatovsky Y. A. Car for 100 years. M.: Knowledge, 1986
4. Future world. Guide for beginners. Moscow: AVANTA +, 2001
5. Encyclopedia of technology: Science.-pop. Ed. for children. M.: ROSMEN-PRESS, 2002
http://mirnt.ru/aviation/budushee-aviacii
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CpcxN8gccvs&nohtml5=False
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=knrrBdWo8cg&ebc=ANyPxKo6ngHv6yQsRUf5LaiFHTkbhGE3bEtoquXHIXYK_kk_k_4Q49K_2wfD3WjO9D1qRyTCCi9I_zapkC_Uk1lv
http://autoutro.ru/review/2009/04/23/avtomobili-budushhego-samyye-neobychnyye-izobreteniya-uchenyh
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