Ученический проект

Муниципальное казенное учреждение

«Средняя школа № 5»

г. Котельниково Волгоградской области

Проект по английскому языку на тему:

«Kotelnikovo is the land of the heroes.

The town’s monuments and memorials.

The memory map»

Номинация: Иностранный язык. Краеведение.

Выполнил

ученик 6 Б класса

Триногин Иван

под руководством учителя

английского языка

Ушкаловой Н.В.

Котельниково, 2024г.

Plan

Introduction

For every person, the most precious and native place on Earth is his Homeland, where he was born, grown up. For us, this is our town Kotelnikovo.

This topic is relevant because there are many monuments in our town, but people don't know much about their history, not all monuments are known to the residents of our town.

But monuments, like people, have their own destiny. Popular rumor says: "Without knowing the past, one cannot live in the present." The love of the Motherland begins with the love of the hometown. Our town is connected with many great events and interesting people. It’s important for us to study the history of the creation of monuments that preserve the memory of events and people.

That’s why the idea of the project topic: Kotelnikovo is the Land of the Heroes. Monuments and memorials of the town Kotelnikovo.

Hypothesis: the history of the creation of monuments is connected with the history of our country, with the development of our town.

The aim is expanding the idea the hometown is famous for its monuments.

The object of research: monuments of the town Kotelnikovo.

Subject of research: the history of the creation of monuments.

Project product: a booklet, a map and a presentation.

Stages to work:

1. To visit the local museum, the library and collect material.

2. To conduct a survey and survey of students.

3. To prepare a booklet and presentation "Monuments and Memorials of the town Kotelnikovo"

Methods of research:

1. Collection and processing of information on the topic

2. The survey.

3. The interview.

4. Classification.

Part I. The town’s monuments and memorial

1.1 The Stele the line of Stalingrad valor

On January 24, 2024, the stele "The line of Stalingrad Valor" was opened in Kotelnikovo.

In December 1942, the heroic actions of Soviet troops on the land of Kotelnikovo thwarted the plans of the Nazi command to break through to the Paulus group, which was blocked in the Stalingrad area. The successful conduct of this operation predetermined the defeat of the German fascist troops in the battle of the Volga.

Last year, which took place under the sign of the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Battle of Stalingrad, the towns of Kotelnikovo and Serafimovich, as well as the village of Kletskaya, were the first in the Volgograd region to be awarded the honorary title "The line of Stalingrad Valor". It is assigned to the settlements of the region, on the territory of which our fighters showed courage, perseverance and mass heroism. In February 2023, the Volgograd Regional Duma adopted a corresponding regional law. The honorary title "the line of Stalingrad Valor" is the highest degree of appreciation of the residents of the Volgograd region to the generation of winners and defenders of Stalingrad.

1. The memorial to tank liberators and a Hero of the Soviet Union, a pilot Mikhail Baranov

At the initiative of the workers of the locomotive depot, and at their expense, two monuments were erected in 1946 on the Forecourt, on the site of the mass grave of soldiers and pilot Mikhail Dmitrievich Baranov, Hero of the Soviet Union, who died during the liberation of Kotelnikovo. On one of them, a massive, cube–shaped, rectangular pedestal with protrusions, at the top stood a metal mock-up of a tank. Nearby, a similar monument was crowned with a five-pointed star. This is a monument to fighter pilot, Hero of the Soviet Union Mikhail Dmitrievich Baranov, who died on Kotelnikovskaya land. In the autumn of 1957, a new one was created on the site of two monuments. The basis is a painting by the artist Bogolyubsky "Grieving Mother". In the central part of the monument there is a figure of a mother mourning her son. She hugged her dead son and plunged into boundless grief. Fellow soldiers came to say goodbye to their dead friend. One stood guard of honor near the half-lowered banner, with weapons in full combat gear, and the other, bowing his head, fell on one knee in mournful silence.

To the left of the composition on the pylon is a metal bas-relief image of the Order of the Patriotic War. Above it is an inscription: "1941", under it is a laurel branch. Under the sculptural composition, on the ledge, there is an inscription: "Glory to the fallen heroes." On the left pylon, bordered by a laurel wreath, under a bowed banner and an oak-laurel wreath, there is a metal plaque with the inscription: "Hero of the Soviet Union Guard Captain Mikhail Dmitrievich Baranov. 1921 – 1943". There is the same memorial plaque on the right pylon, in the center there is an image of a tank in an oak–laurel wreath on the background of 2 bent banners. The inscription: "The valiant soldiers of the Kotelnikovsky Guards Tank Corps, who fell in battles with the Nazi invaders in 1942, are buried here."The names of tank liberators are stamped on the marble plaque: Guards Colonel Rotmistrov P.L.; Guards senior Lieutenant Mikhailov A.P.; Guards junior Lieutenant Piitsuk N.V.; Guards junior political officer Petrov N.P.; Guards junior political officer Polyakov M.D.; Guards private Kravchenko G.A.

1. The mass grave of the participants in the civil war and Soviet soldiers who died during the Battle of Stalingrad

The events that unfolded in the Kotelnikovo direction were one of the important components of the Battle of Stalingrad.

Before the German occupation, during the war, in the village Several hospitals operated in Kotelnikovo. After the liberation of Kotelnikovo, the hospitals resumed their work.

Those who died of wounds and died in battle, Soviet soldiers were buried in mass graves.

According to the military committee for 2014, 29 famous servicemen were buried in the "Mass grave of participants in the Civil War and Soviet soldiers who died during the Battle of Stalingrad", located at Kotelnikovo, Rodina Street, the monument was reconstructed in 2012.

1.4 The grave of the unknown soldier who died during the Battle of Stalingrad. The Mound of Glory

In 1967, the remains of a deceased Soviet soldier were found in the area of a tannery. It was decided to create a memorial Mound of Glory. It was a real national construction site. Residents of Kotelnikovo came to the northern outskirts of the city. The ground was carried in buckets and a mound was filled. The Mound was opened on the 25th anniversary of the liberation of Kotelnikovo.

This place wasn’t chosen by chance - from here the tankers of the 7th Tank Corps began the assault on Kotelnikovo. In 1968, the mound was topped with a reinforced concrete helmet, and a concrete wall was installed. The remains of an unknown warrior were reburied here with military honors. The mass grave is located at the exit from the city of Kotelnikovo in its northeastern part.

An inscription was created on the wall:

"An unknown soldier who defended Kotelnikovo with his life is buried here. His fame will outlive the ages. The people will keep his memory forever."

1. The mass grave of the participants of the civil war who died in the struggle for Soviet power

The monument is a wall with a relief image of the Red Guards. In the center of the bas-relief is a Red Guard trumpeter in Budenovka. He calls for a fight with the White Guards and in response to his cry, armed groups of soldiers and sailors are visible on the left and right in full readiness for battle. Their faces are stern, their faces reflect the determination not only to join the battle, but also the willingness to win. And they won. An armored train can be seen in the distance, because during the Civil War, Kotelnikovo railway workers built armored trains. The White Guards feared and hated our armored trains. On the back side of the wall, in the upper left part, there is an inscription made of letters: "For houses, for freedom, for the power of the Soviets." Below there are two pinkish marble plaques decorated with a laurel branch with the inscription: "Eternal memory to the red partisans of the Civil War who died in battles with the White Guards in 1918-1920." The names of 15 fighters are indicated on the bottom board.

In 1920, the White Guards in the Kotelnikovo station area were mostly finished, but the remnants of the white gangs were hiding in the steppes. To eliminate the unfinished remnants of the White Guard, in Kotelnikovo in 1922, special purpose units (CHON) were created from workers loyal to the Soviet government. In May 1924, in the vicinity of Kotelnikovo, CHON's fighters overtook Serdobintsev's gang and forced a fight on it. The gang was defeated, but in this battle the commander of the Kotelnikovsky detachment, CHON Nil Nikolaevich Serbin, and the fighters of the detachment, F.S. Orlov, V.I. Polegalov, I.V. Belovitsky, V.S. Vorobyov, died. All of them are buried in a mass grave near the Kotelnikovo railway station. Besides them, Bragin N., Sukhorukov S., Grishin B., Kupriyanov, Kolesnikov, Pobskrebalin, Luboshevsky and others who died in battles with the White Bandits are buried there. They died in a battle with the white bandits at Semichnaya station. Sculptor Petrenko Nikolai Logvinovich.

1.6 The mass grave of Soviet soldiers who died during the Battle of Stalingrad, near the brick plant

During the liberation of Kotelnikovo, many Soviet soldiers died a brave death. Some of them were buried in a mass grave near a brick factory. The monument on the mass grave was erected in 1972.The ashes of 40 warriors rest here and the names of all are known.

In 1979, a monument in the form of a pyramidal triangular obelisk was erected at this place.

On the pedestal on the front side there is a memorial plate with the text: "Eternal glory to the heroes of 1941-1945." The text below lists 40 names of soldiers buried in a mass grave. On the sides of the pedestal there are 2 memorial plates with the image of the star of the Hero of the Soviet Union in a laurel wreath

1. The mass grave of Soviet soldiers who died during the Battle of Stalingrad, the cemetery

During the Great Patriotic War, 12 hospitals operated at the Kotelnikovo railway station at various times. The soldiers who died of wounds were buried at the local civilian cemetery. After the capture of Kotelnikovo by the Nazis, in August 1942, the German command ordered the local population to bury the soldiers who died in the defense of the station in a civilian cemetery, in a common grave.

Then, after the liberation of Kotelnikovo, the hospitals started working again, and the civil cemetery again became a burial place for soldiers who died in hospitals.

In 1957, a two-meter monument was erected at the burial site with the inscription: "The Motherland will not forget its heroes." The number of those buried in the mass grave has not been established.

1. The memorial sign

Here, in the center of Kotelnikovo, on the 30-th of December, 1942, a solemn meeting of the upcoming New Year 1943 and the celebration of the Victory of the 7th Tank Corps, under the command of Major General Rotmistorov, during the liberation of Kotelnikovo took place.

The inscription on the sign reads: "the Defeat of Manstein's troops is the liberation of the city of Kotelnikovo. The dawn of the Battle of Stalingrad!!!"

1. The monument to the Pioneer- hero Misha Romanov

Before the Great Patriotic War, Misha Romanov, born in 1929, lived with a large family in Kotelnikovo on Kholzunov Lane. Misha studied at railway school No. 5 from 1936 to 1940, i.e. graduated from the 4th grade. He was accepted as a pioneer. His father, Zinovy Afinogenovich Romanov, worked at the art. Kotelnikovo is in paramilitary security. He was the secretary of the party organization. In 1940, Misha's father was appointed a party organizer at the Krasny Partizan collective farm (now the Mayorovsky farm), and the whole family moved to a new place of residence. War. The front was approaching the area. The secretary of the party organization Z.A. Romanov, along with his son Mikhail and other fellow countrymen, went to the partisan detachment (there were four of them in the area). The young partisan Misha Romanov, who fought against the Nazis together with his father and other fighters, extracted and brought valuable information to the detachment.

Mikhail's last battle is described in the poem "The Feat of the Pioneer" by the Volga poet Vitaly Biryukov in 2002. Another fellow countryman, journalist, novelist Georgy Ivanovich Pritchin, writes about the teenager's feat.

"On a quiet morning of a cold November day, the Kotelnik partisan detachment was surrounded by enemies. A boy of about 13 years old was sitting on the parapet of the trench —it was Misha. He fought with his father. He was nicknamed "the oak tree" in the squad. The farm where Mishina's family lived was burned down by the Nazis. It is not known what happened to the mother and sister. The third attack is made by the enemy. The partisans are poorly armed, but the fascists cannot overcome the resistance of the partisans. The commander was killed, many comrades were killed. My father's machine gun was the last to fall silent. The forces were unequal, the enemies were coming close. Misha was left alone. He stood at full height on the edge of the trench and waited. When the Germans saw the boy, they were stunned with surprise. Misha took one last look at his dead father, grabbed a bunch of grenades in both hands and threw them into the crowds of Nazis surrounding him. There was a deafening explosion, and a second later the son of a Don Cossack, a pupil of the Stalingrad pioneer organization Misha Romanov, was struck down by an automatic burst.

For his participation in the heroic defense of Stalingrad, Mikhail Zinovievich Romanov was awarded the medal "For the Defense of Stalingrad" (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated December 22, 1942).

The name of the pioneer hero Misha Romanov was included in the Book of Honor of the All-Union Pioneer Organization in 1958. The pioneer squad of secondary school No. 4 in Kotelnikovo is named after him.

On September 10, 1967, a monument to the pioneer hero Misha Romanov was unveiled in the city Park of Culture and Recreation.

Misha died near the village of Kiselevka, Zavetinsky district, Rostov region in the autumn of 1942. He died a brave death, destroying more than a dozen fascists. In May 1995, after restoration, the monument was erected in Komsomolsk Park at the burial site of Misha Romanov.

1. The Monument to the T-34 Tank

The T-34 tank was installed in memory of the tank guards of the 3rd Guards Tank Corps, who liberated Kotelnikovo from the Nazi invaders in 1942.

At the request of the residents, Pavel Alekseevich Rotmistrov, an honorary citizen of the city of Kotelnikovo, Chief Marshal of the Armored Forces of the USSR, sent this once formidable T-34 tank as a gift. In 1971, in the park named after Serafimovich, in a solemn atmosphere,it was installed on a pedestal. The inscription on the plaque reads: "Glory to the tank guards of the 3rd Guards Kotelnikovsky Tank Corps, who liberated our city from the Nazi invaders in 1942."

1. The Monument to the plane MIG-21UM

The monument to the MIG-21UM aircraft was erected in honor of the soldiers of the Kotelnikovo aviation garrison of the Kachinsky Higher Military School of Pilots, which existed in Kotelnikovo until 1998. The Kachin Higher Military Aviation Order of Lenin Red Banner School of Pilots named after A. F. Myasnikov was one of the leading suppliers of military pilots for the air fleet of the Russian Empire, the Air Forces of the USSR and the Russian Federation from 1910 to 1998. The school trained 16,574 pilots, among whom were 352 Heroes of the Soviet Union, 17 Heroes of the Russian Federation, 119 honored military pilots and test pilots, 12 air marshals and 200 generals.

In 2007, during the celebration of the 110th anniversary of the Kotelnikovo station, an airplane monument was erected at the entrance of Kotelnikovo, on the Volgograd — Rostov highway. This is the fastest, illustrating the maneuverability capabilities of the legendary MiG-21 fighter.

1. The Monument to the steam locomotive ER 743-64

The ER series steam locomotive monument was installed near the railway station in 2007 for the 110th anniversary of Kotelnikovo, whose history is connected with the development of the Volgograd branch of the Volga Railway. The contribution of the E-series steam locomotives to the history of the USSR is invaluable. They worked throughout almost the entire twentieth century, having passed through the First World War, the Civil War, the Finnish War, and the Great Patriotic War. In terms of the number of locomotives in the series (about 11 thousand) and the total duration of production, the E locomotive is an absolute record holder in the history of world locomotive and locomotive construction.

The steam locomotive monument is an ER series steam locomotive mounted on rails, which worked at the Volgograd branch of the Volga Mainline at the beginning of the 20th century and was preserved in the park of the locomotive depot of the Gorky station. According to the authors, the steam locomotive monument dedicated to railway workers should symbolize the continuity of the history of the town and the railway.

1. The memorial complex to the fellow countrymen who died in the war zone

The memorial complex to the fellow countrymen who died in the war zone is located on the southern outskirts of Kotelnikovo. Here, the names of soldiers who died during the Afghan War, the armed conflict in the Chechen Republic, and a Special Military Operation in Ukraine are immortalized on memorial tablets. Commemorative events are often held at the memorial complex, attended by veterans of military operations, members of the local branch of the "Combat Brotherhood" public organization, family members of fallen soldiers, and pupils of "Combat Brotherhood" and "UnArmia" schools.

These memorial plaques pay tribute to the dead, and express eternal gratitude to our fellow soldiers who didn't come home. They had a short life, but died as heroes, defending our homeland and protecting us from the fascist threat.

1. The stele to the hero Lieutenant General Valery Moskovchenko

On September 29, 2019, the memorial stele to the legendary countryman was opened in Kotelnikovo at the forecourt. The inscription on the stele reads: "To Valery Mikhailovich Moskovchenko. From grateful fellow countrymen."

Moskovchenko was born in 1949 in Kotelnikovo, Volgograd region, into a working-class family. In 1966 he graduated from secondary school No. 2 in Kotelnikovo. In the same year, he entered the Volsky Higher Military School of the rear.

The combat officer went through Afghanistan, then participated in combat operations in Ingushetia, Ossetia, and the Chechen Republic.

As a worthy successor to the glorious traditions of his hometown, Valery Moskovenko served his country with honor, defending its interests with his arms, and engaging in scientific research and raising the younger generation with care.

After serving in war zone, he graduated from the Military Academy of the General Staff, defended his doctoral thesis, became a doctor of economics, and professor. As head of the Academy, he led a team of authors to develop more than 20 research topics. He took an active part in developing a draft government program for creating an interdepartmental logistics system for the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and troops and military formations from other ministries and departments. He also contributed to the development of five textbooks and more than ten textbooks. Moskovchenko published more than fifty articles and other publications.

His high achievements were recognized with orders such as "For Service to the Motherland in the Armed Forces," III degree; "Red Star"; "For Military Merit"; "Courage"; and "Honor." He was also awarded medals, including those from foreign countries, for his contributions.

Part II. The student survey and its results

A survey was conducted among students of the 6th grade about what they know about the monuments of our city.

The students were presented with the presentation "Monuments and memorials of the town Kotelnikovo" and questions :

- Do you know the monument presented?

- Where is it located?

- Whom or what was it created?

- Can you tell us in detail about at least one of them?

26 students participated in the survey. The results of the survey are presented in Appendix 1. According to the results of the work carried out, it can be said that most respondents do not know the monuments of the city or its history. No one could tell in detail even about one monument.

Conclusions

In the course of the work carried out, it was found that all the monuments are of great value, reflect the history of our country. They are the keepers of the memory of those events that took place at different times, about the people who made history.

Passing by this or that monument, you think, you remember, you are surprised. It turns out that many historical events didn’t pass by our town. The cultural heritage that we have inherited must be kept in order, to ensure that monuments are not destroyed. After all, you can't build a future without knowing your past.

Our task isn’t only to keep the monuments in order, but to know the history of our people, town, and pass this knowledge on to descendants.

They are reminders of our rich history and a link to our ancestors. After all, human wisdom says: "Only a country where people remember their past is worthy of a future."

Suggestions

Making the presentation of my work for the students of our school in order to popularize knowledge about the history of our town’s monuments.

List of literature

1.A.S. Didenko, S.Y.Lipov "On the waves of my memory" Volgograd 2006

2. V.O. Bogomolova "Thirteen years to immortality" Nizhne-Volzhsky Book Publishing House, 1975

3.V.M.Moskovchenko, S.Y.Lipov "Kotelnikovo. From the origins to the Renaissance" St. Petersburg 2007.

4.E.A. Chemyakin "How on the quiet Don..." Volgograd 2007.

5. E. Krut "Town in the steppe" Kotelnikovo, 1998.

6. Materials of the regional local Museum

7. Memorial Internet site https://memory-map.1sept.ru

8. https://www.cpacibodedu.ru/

9. https://www.volgograd.ru/guide/6216/124750/

Appendix 1

The results of the survey

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