USEFUL EXPRESSIONS
To make contrasting points
Although, yet, however, nevertheless, In spite of, but while, despite, even if, even though, at the same time.
Killing endangered species is illegal. However, people will not stop hunting them.
To list points
Firstly, in the first place, first of all, to start with, secondly, thirdly, finally, lastly, also, then, in the end, in conclusion.
First of all, the government must revise the out-of-date environmental laws, which were twenty years ago.
To add more points on a topic
What is more, furthermore, also, apart from this/that, in addition, moreover, besides, too, not to mention the fact that.
Furthermore, the city should conduct inspections of zoo.
To list advantages/disadvantages
One/another/one other/a further/the main/the first/the greatest advantage/disadvantage of...
To express personal opinion
In my opinion/view, to my mind/way of thinking, personally I believe, it strikes me that, I feel very strongly that, I am inclined to believe that, it seems to me that, as far as I am concerned.
In my opinion department stores offer a greater selection of clothes than small boutiques.
To refer to other sources
According to, with reference to.
To conclude
Finally, lastly, above all, all in all, taking everything into account, on the whole, all things considered, in conclusion, as I have said, as was previously stated, to sum up.
On the whole, the university offers a wide range of courses and provides modern facilities.
To express cause
Because of, owing to, due to, for this reason.
Due to the harsh winter, many crops were destroyed.
To express effect
Therefore, thus, as a result, consequently, so, as a consequence.
As a result many people lost their job.
To emphasis what you say
Clearly, obviously, of course, needless to say, in particular.
Needless to say, research has proved that eating healthy food and exercising regularly reduce the risk of heart disease.
To express reality
In fact, actually, as a matter of fact, in practice, the fact of matter is that.
To express differences between appearances and reality
On the face of it, at firs sight, apparently.
At first sight, the building looked safe but after a detailed inspection it was reported to be in need of major structural pairs.
To state in argument against your opinion
It is popularly believed that, people often claim that, contrary to popular belief, it is a fact that, it is often alleged that, people argue that.
To state other people’s opinion
Many people are in favor of/against, some people argue that, a lot of people think/believe.
To introduce the other side of the argument
Opponents of this view say, however there are people/those who oppose…claim that.
To express balance
While, on the one hand, on the other hand, whereas.
While working for a large company is prestigious, it can be very stressful.
To give examples
For example, for instance.
To refer to what actually happens
In practice, in effect.
In practice, consumers spend more money on luxury items.
To make general statements
As a rule, generally, in general, as a general rule, on the whole.
As a rule, girls get better exam results than boys.
To make partly correct statements
Up to a point, to a certain extent, in a way, in a sense.
Some companies have tried to create more positions to more extent.
To express limit of knowledge
To the best of my knowledge, for all I know, as far as I know.
As far as I know residents were opposed to the city’s plan to build nuclear plant in their area.
To rephrase
That is to say, in other words.
To bring up other points or aspects
As far as … is concerned, regarding, with regard to, as for
As far as the community is concerned the area is in need of a new elementary school.
To imply nothing else needs to be said
Anyway, at any rate, in any case.
Accepting the situation
As it is, under the circumstances, things being as they are.
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