Задание к дифференцированному зачету по английскому языку. Курс 3 (Прикладная информатика).

Задание к дифференцированному зачету.

Курс3, семестр 6.

Прикладная информатика.

Билет №1.

I. Аnswer the questions.

1. What is a computer? What functions has a computer?

2. Is the electronic system of a computer very complex or simple?

II. Translate into English.

1. Выдать фактические данные.

2. Отложить данные в памяти.

3. Обрабатывать информацию.

III. Translate into English the following sentences.

1. Больше, чем 100.000 частей информации могут быть сохранены в одной машине.

2. За 1/3 секунды компьютер может умножить два числа.

IV. Translate into Russian

"Informatization" of the country means simply buying more computers and increasing. Internet usage has nearly reached the limit that current technological equipment can provide. There is not enough money to increase capacity. The largest computer and Internet service providers in Russia will reach yearly turnover of $500 million, which is far too small of a sum to begin improving communication structures on their own.

Задания к дифференцированному зачету.
Курс3, семестр 6.
Прикладная информатика.
Билет №2.

I. Answer the questions.

1. What is E-mail?
2. How many types of computers do you know? What are they?

II. Translate into English.
1. Необработанные данные.

2. Последовательность операций.

3. Электронные цепи.

III. Translate into English the following sentences.
1. Цифровой компьютер отличаетс я от аналогового компьютера тем, что он работает только с числами.
2. Аналоговый компьютер- это устройство, которое моделирует поведение другой системы.

IV. Translate into Russian.
The most popular Internet service is e-mail. Most of the people, who have access to the Internet, use the network only for sending and receiving e-mail messages. However, other popular services are available on the Internet: reading USENET News, using the World-Wide Web, telnet, FTP, and Gopher. In many developing countries the Internet may provide businessmen with a reliable alternative to the expensive and unreliable telecommunications systems of these countries

Задания к дифференцированному зачету.

Курс 3, семестр 6.

Прикладная информатика.
Билет №3.

I. Answer the questions.

1. What is the Internet? What are the main challenges while spreading Internet?

2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of spreading computers and Internet access to more people?

II. Translate into English.

1. Обеспечивать.

2. Десятичная система исчисления.

3. Поведение системы.

III. Translate into English the following sentences.

Оператор управляет последовательностью действий, выполняемых компьютером.

Оператор вносит данные в компьютер и делает запись полученных результатов.

IV. Translate into Russian.

The basic sections of digital computers are therefore:

Input: receives the "raw data" and instructions from external sources and converts them into a suitable form for a computer to work on.

Store: memorizes numbers and instructions. Calculator: does mathematical operations.

Control: initiates and follows the operations, countries. Output: presents the result of the calculations in an acceptable form.

Задания к дифференцированному зачету.

Курс 3, семестр 6.

Прикладная информатика.

Билет №4.

I. Answer the questions.

1. What is the most popular Internet service?

2. What was the first graphic program?

II. Translate into English.

1. Отдельные механизмы

2. Под контролем специального блока.

3. Информация ввода-вывода.

III. Translate into English the following sentences.

1. С помощью современного мультимидийного компьютера возможно прослушать компьютерную музыку.

2. Первый язык алгоритма был «фортрэн».

IV. Translate into Russian.

Unfortunately, to restore the first electronic digital machines for the demonstration of their work is practically impossible. However with the aid of modern computers it is possible to show the operation of the separate devices. One of such demonstration complexes was created on the base of plotter "EC7051M" and the personal computer, which works in the medium DOS.

Задания к дифференцированному зачету.

Курс 3, семестр 6.
Прикладная информатика.

Билет №5.

I. Answer the questions.

1. What were the first electronic digital machines like?

2. Has Internet and computer growth in Russia been the envy of every European and North American country during the past few years?

II. Translate into English.

1. Ручное управление.

2. Технология полупроводимости.

3. Делать расчеты.

III. Translate into English the following sentences.

1. Наиболее популярная услуга Интернета- это электронная почта.

2. Большинство людей, имеющих доступ к Интернету, используют его в основном с целью отправки и получения сообщений по электронной почте.

IV. Translate into Russian.

To this day, researchers at Xerox and elsewhere pooh-pooh the Altair as too primitive to have made use of the technology they felt was needed to bring PCs to the masses. In a sense, they are right. The Altair incorporated one of the first single-chip microprocessor — a semiconductor chip, that contained all the basic circuits needed to do calculations — called the Intel 8080.

Задания к дифференцированному зачету.

Курс 3, семестр 6.

Прикладная информатика.

Билет №6.

I. Answer the questions.

1. What is BESM?

2. What is a computer virus?

II. Translate into Engllish.

1. Автоматизированная система.

2. Разработка.

3. Микропроцессорное оборудование.

Ш. Translate into English the following sentences.

1. Много талантливых ученых и изобретателей создавали программное обеспечение.

2. В Америке уделяли больше внимания развитию компьютеров для гражданского и персонального пользования.

IV. Translate into Russian.

At first it was a model of a Big Electronic Computing Machine (BECM). Later there appeared the evident expediency of transforming BESM in a small computer. In the process of a creation it was a Model of a Small Big Electronic Computing Machine( MECM). For that reason there were added: input-output devices, magnetic drum storage, register capacity.

Задания к дифференцированному зачету

Курс 3, семестр 6.

Прикладная информатика.

Билет №7.

I. Answer the questions.

1. How many types of viruses are there? What are they?

2. What do computer viruses do?

II. Translate into English.

1. Переустанавливать.

2. Зараженная программа.

3. Заразить файлы.

III. Translate into English the following sentences.

1. Вирусы могут повредить данные, изменить программы, удалить файлы, стереть жесткий диск.

2. Появляются новые, неизвестные типы вирусов, которые становится все сложнее классифицировать.

IV. Translate into Russian.

A malignant virus is one that attempts to inflict malicious damage to your computer, although the damage may not be intentional. There is a significant number of viruses that cause damage due to poor programming and outright bugs in the viral code a high percentage of them are very malignant. Some of the more malignant viruses will erase your entire hard disk, or delete files.

Задания к дифференцированному зачету.

Курс 3, семестр 6.

Прикладная информатика.

Билет №8.

1. Answer the questions.

1. How many groups of file-Infector do you know?

2. How are viruses divided?

1. Translate into English.

1. Стирание жесткого диска.

2. Искажение программы.

3. Вирусный код.

1. Translate into English the following sentences:

1. Вирус имеет две отличительные функции: нанесение запланированного ущерба и самораспространение.

2. В настоящее время вирусов около 55.000.

IV. Translate into Russian.

Computer viruses don't infect files on write-protected disks and don't infect documents, except in the case of Word macro viruses, which infect only documents and templates written in Word 6.0 or higher. They don't infect compressed files either. However, applications within a compressed file could have been infected before they were compressed. Viruses also don't infect computer hardware, such as monitors or computer chips. They only infect software.

Задания к дифференцированному зачету.

Курс 3, семестр 6.

Прикладная информатика.

Билет №9.

1. Answer the questions.

   1. How can a person protect his PC from viruses?

   2. What is the aim of creation of viruses?

1. Translate into English.

1. Создатель программных вирусов..

2. Вредящая программа.

3. Безобидный вирус.

1. Translate into English the following sentences:

   1. Вирусы не инфицируют файлы на пишущихся защи­щенных дисках.

   2. История компьютерных вирусов началась недавно, но они уже стали легендарными.

1. Translate into Russian.

The third group is called companion viruses. They don't change files. They make double of infected file so when an infected file is being started a double file bec omes managing, it means a virus. For example, companion viruses working with DOS use that DOS firstly runs COM. file. Viruses make double file with the same name and with extension COM and copies itself in this file. During start of an infected file DOS runs a COM. file with a virus firstly and then a virus starts an EXE. file.

Задания к дифференцированному зачету.

Курс 3, семестр 6.

Прикладная информатика.

Билет №10.

1. Answer the questions.

   1. What is a harmful program for PC?

   2. How many viruses do you know?

1. Translate into English.

   1. Чистая программа.

   2. Группа авторов компьютерных вирусов.

   3. Стандарты для компьютера.

1. Translate into English the following sentences:

   1. С помощью современных компьютеров стало возможным продемонстрировать действие отдельных механизмов.

   2. Но не забудьте, что создание, использование и распространение вредных программ для ПК- преступное нарушение, так же как и использование версий программ-взломщиков.

2. Translate into Russian.

An analog computer is a device that simulates the behavior of another system usually a physical system. A very simple and widely used analogue computer is the slide-rule on which distances are equivalent to logarithms of numbers. The devices known as analogue computers are assemblies of electronic or electrical circuits the behavior of which is analogous to another (mechanical) system's progress.

Задания к дифференцированному зачету.

Курс 3, семестр 6.

Прикладная информатика.

Билет №11.

1. Answer the questions.

   1. What is a telephone?

   2. Why do people extremely need a computer nowdays?

1. Translate into English.

   1. Калькулятор.

   2. Входные данные

   3. Моделировать.

1. Translate into English the following sentences:

   1. Развитие счетной машины завершилось развитием электронных цифровых компьютеров.

   2. С осени 1948 Лебедев руководил своей лабораторией по направлению создания МЭВМ.

2. Translate into Russian.

Internet and computer growth in Russia has been the envy of every European and North American country during the past few years. But growth in all IT areas is expected to slow by a considerable amount. Cell-phone growth in Moscow and St. Petersburg is limited to subscribers exchanging models, while subscriber growth is limited to the regions. Mobile communication companies had hoped that 3G technology would prove to be a boom, but the lack of equipment capable of handing such a technology is holding back development.

Задания к дифференцированному зачету.

Курс 3, семестр 6.

Прикладная информатика.

Билет №12.

1. Answer the questions.

   1. What do companion viruses do?

   2. Computer viruses do spontaneously generate, don’t they?

1. Translate into English.

   1. Сжатые файлы.

   2. Установленный вирус.

   3. Полезная нагрузка вируса.

1. Translate into English the following sentences:

1. Существуют безвредные вирусы и вирусы, наносящие большой ущерб компьютеру.

2. Вирус- это часть программного обеспечения, написанного для того, чтобы неблагоприятно влиять на ваш компьютер, изменяя его работу без вашего ведома и согласия.

1. Translate into Russian.

The government, did launch the Electronic Russian program, which was designed to create an electronic government that would increase interaction between citizens and their elected leaders. Different ministries and political organs could not agree on how to implement the program, and it came to nothing. The government has developed a new plan. This time a single ministry will be responsible for "informatization," and its decisions will be carried out by all government organs.

Задания к дифференцированному зачету.

Курс 3, семестр 6.

Прикладная информатика.

Билет №13.

1. Answer the questions.

   1. What is a fax-machine?

   2. What are the basic sections of digital computers?

1. Translate into English.

   1. Специальная программа.

   2. Программный код.

   3. Компьютерная вирусная эпидемия.

1. Translate into English the following sentences:

1.Установка антивирусных программ позволяет находить и удалять вирусы.

2.Есть три группы вирусов: 1). всепишущие, 2). вирусы-паразиты, 3). вирусы-компаньоны.

1. Translate into Russian.

In the early 1960s, when computers were hulking mainframes that took up entire rooms, engineers were already toying with the then — extravagant notion of building a computer intended for the sole use of one person, by the early 1970s, researches at Xerox's Polo Alto Research Center (Xerox PARC) had realized that the pace of improvement in the technology of semiconductors — the chips of silicon that are the building blocks of present — day electronics — meant that sooner or later the PC would be extravagant no longer.

Задания к дифференцированному зачету.

Курс 3, семестр 6.

Прикладная информатика.

Билет №14.

1. Answer the questions.

   1. How can you describe the present day situation on the communication structures market?

   2. Can you imagine and describe as much ways of using Internet as possible?

1. Translate into English.

   1. Компании мобильных коммуникаций.

   2. Компьютерный рост.

   3. Распространение компьютеров.

1. Translate into English the following sentences:

1.Большинство людей, особенно нуждающихся в компьютерах,- это те, которые живут в городах свыше 1 млн. жителей.

2.МЭВМ была задумана С.А. Лебедевым и являлась моделью Большой Электронной Вычислительной Машины.

1. Translate into Russian.

The Altair inspired Steve Wosniak and Steve Jobs to build the first Apple computer, and a young college dropout named Bill Gates to write software for it. Meanwhile, the person who deserves the credit for inventing the Altair, an engineer named Ed Roberts, left the industry he had spawned to go to medical school. Now he is a doctor in a small town in central Georgia.

Задания к дифференцированному зачету.

Курс 3, семестр 6.

Прикладная информатика.

Билет №15.

1. Answer the questions.

   1. What is a decision to create the United system of computers?

   2. Who was the first to create the families of computers?

1. Translate into English.

   1. Компьютеризация.

   2. Машины нового поколения.

   3. Третье поколение компьютеров.

1. Translate into English the following sentences:

1.Вирусы должны бороться за выживание в сложных условиях противоречивых компьютерных систем.

2.Компьютерная вирусная группа- неофициальная некоммерческая организация, объединяющая программистов- авторов вирусов независимо от их квалификации.

1. Translate into Russian.

Moreover, Russian IT faces another problem: Most of the people who need computers live in cities of one million or more, and those people have already bought them. The majority who live outside of "wired" urban areas have absolutely no reason to buy a computer.

Задания к дифференцированному зачету.

Курс 3, семестр 6.

Прикладная информатика.

Билет №16.

1. Answer the questions.

   1. What do you know about the history of synopsis?

   2. How are viruses divided?

1. Translate into English.

   1. Программная версия.

   2. Вскрытая версия программы.

   3. Создатель вируса.

1. Translate into English the following sentences:

1.Каждый может стать членом клуба, если он создает вирусы и изучает их.

2.Иногда создание вирусов может стать занятием, приносящим постоянный доход.

1. Translate into Russian.

Researchers today are proceeding in the same spirit that motivated Kay and his Xerox PARC colleagues in the 1970s: to make information more accessible to ordinary people. But a look into today's research labs reveals very little that resembles what we think of now as a PC. For one thing, researchers seem eager to abandon the keyboard and the monitor that are the PC's trademarks. Instead they are trying to devise PCs with interpretive powers that are more humanlike — PCs that can hear you and see you, can tell when you're in a bad mood and know to ask questions when they don't understand anything.

Задания к дифференцированному зачету.

Курс 3, семестр 6.

Прикладная информатика.

Билет №17.

1. Answer the questions.

   1. What don’t viruses do?

   2. What do special feature of DOS path-companion viruses use?

1. Translate into English.

   1. Действующие файлы.

   2. Часть кода программы.

   3. Резидентный вирус.

1. Translate into English the following sentences:

1.С осени 1951 машина выполняла комплекс программ.

2.Правительство запустило электронную программу России, целью которой явилось создание с помощью электроники расширенного взаимодействия между гражданами страны и их избранными лидерами.

1. Translate into Russian.

The great accumulated experience in creating computers, the profound comparison of our domestic achievements with new examples of a foreign computer technique prompted the scientists that it is possible to create computing. It means a new generation meeting the world standards.

Задания к дифференцированному зачету.

Курс 3, семестр 6.

Прикладная информатика.

Билет №18.

1. Answer the questions.

   1. Was MESM created by S.A. Lebedev?

   2. Grouth in all IT areas is expected to slow by a considerable amount, isn’t it?

1. Translate into English.

   1. Документирование.

   2. Системы логического контроля.

   3. Двоичные переменные.

1. Translate into English the following sentences:

1.В России и США было и есть много талантливых ученых и изобретателей.

2.С.A. Лебедеву было предложено стать директором Института Энергетики в Киеве.

1. Translate into Russian.

This project had been implemented for computing system with architecture ix86. Henceforward described approach was evolved by N.I. Tukkel developing systems for microcontrollers. Advantage of automata technology is that all design may be done on personal computer using Switch-technology and only on last phase of developing software could be ported to a microcontroller.

Задания к дифференцированному зачету.

Курс 3, семестр 6.

Прикладная информатика.

Билет №19.

1. Answer the questions.

   1. What does the computer machine flash?

   2. How many pieces of information can be stored in one machine?

1. Translate into English.

   1. Проект программного обеспечения автоматов.

   2. Проектирование.

   3. Программируемый логический диспетчер.

1. Translate into English the following sentences:

1. Электронная система компьютера очень сложна.

2. Компьютеры работают за нас, но они не могут думать вместо нас.

1. Translate into Russian.

In the exposition of the Electronic Digital Machines hall for the visitors of any categories can see the input-output of information from the computer and its fixation in the form of the drawings, different diagrams, graphs and tables on the paper with the aid of the plotter ES-7051. In the 70 years in Central Research Institute of Experimental Dwelling Projects the graphic mapping program ALGRAF was created. It made possible to automate designing of architectural and town-building objects. This program made it possible to present the work of an achitecter during the presence of the planning solutions of rooms and the work of an artist-designer during the search for the versions of complex forms and curved surfaces. Any visitor can perceive itself a little in their role.

Задания к дифференцированному зачету.

Курс 3, семестр 6.

Прикладная информатика.

Билет №20.

1. Answer the questions.

   1. Why may viruses have complex ?

   2. Did henceforth automata approach spread to the event-based system?

1. Translate into English.

   1. Память.

   2. Рисунки, графики, таблицы.

   3. Язык алгоритма.

1. Translate into English the following sentences:

1. В зале экспозиции электронных вычислительных машин мы демонстрируем посетителям информацию о вводе-выводе компьютерной системы

2. Вирусы написаны «одинокими волками» или группами программистов.

1. Translate into Russian.

Also in the exposition the dynamic stand of logic elements "Logical functions on the semiconductors" works under the control of the personal computer. Executed at the factory of museum in 1960 years, it was no longer subject to restoration. Now it is easy to explain during the excursions with its aid, as can be realized the basic logical functions on the basis of the use of semiconductors in the second generation computers. Now for any categories of visitors it is possible to demonstrate with PC the following slide-shows. Also with the aid of the contemporary multimedia computer it is possible to hear out the computer music.

Задания к дифференцированному зачету.

Курс 3, семестр 6.

Прикладная информатика.

Билет №21.

1. Answer the questions.

   1. Why may viruses have complex engines?

   2. Can you describe those who create viruses?

1. Translate into English.

   1. Зараженная система.

   2. Злостный вирус.

   3. Шаблон.

1. Translate into English the following sentences:

1. Машина выполняет работу вместо тысячи обученных математиков за один и тот же период времени, а главное, без ошибок.

2.Память: запоминает числа и инструкции.

1. Translate into Russian.

In XXI century artistic software finds ever wider acceptance. During May 2002 year in Moscow the festival of media-art is passed "Software as the kind of art or artistic games with software". It was oriented to the skill, adequate to information society, to the activity, artistically and theoretically interpreting new reality, which can be enumerated. With the aid of modern multimedia PC it is possible to look over the work of participants in this festival, which demonstrated deep properties and qualities of programming.

Задания к дифференцированному зачету.

Курс 3, семестр 6.

Прикладная информатика.

Билет №22.

1. Answer the questions.

   1. What is a device that simulates the behavior of another system in all its states?

   2. What does the operator supply?

1. Translate into English.

   1. Антивирусная защита.

   2. Вносить информацию в компьютер.

   3. Цифровой компьютер.

1. Translate into English the following sentences:

1.Вывод: предоставляет результат вычислений в приемлемой форме.

2.Определенный период времени информатика и кибернетика не были признаны.

1. Translate into Russian.

A decision concerning the third generation of computers (their structure and architecture) was to be made in the USSR in the late 60s. But instead of making the decision based on the scientific grounds concerning the future of the United system of computers the Ministry of Electronic Industry issued the administrative order to copy the IBM-360 system. The leaders of the Ministry did not take into consideration the opinion of the leading scientists of the country.

Задания к дифференцированному зачету.

Курс 3, семестр 6.

Прикладная информатика.

Билет №23.

1. Answer the questions.

   1. Has the evolution of the adding machine culminated in electronic digital computers?

   2. What are the basic sections of digital computers?

1. Translate into English.

   1. Доступ в Интернет.

   2. Магнитное запоминающее устройство.

   3. Записывающее устройство.

1. Translate into English the following sentences:

1.Калькулятор: выполняет математические действия.

2.Первый искусственный цифровой компьютер был вероятно «абака».

1. Translate into Russian.

It is necessary to differentiate between reproducing programs and Trojan horses. Reproducing programs will not necessarily harm your system because they are aimed at producing as many copies (or somewhat-copies) of their own as possible by means of so-called agent programs or without their help. In the later case they are referred to as "worms".

Задания к дифференцированному зачету.

Курс 3, семестр 6.

Прикладная информатика.

Билет №24.

1. Answer the questions.

   1. How can the government use Internet?

   2. Any real-time operating system used as an environment, didn’t it?

1. Translate into English.

   1. Качество программного обеспечения.

   2. Повреждать.

   3. Группа программистов.

1. Translate into English the following sentences:

1.Интернет- это международная компьютерная сеть.

2.Распространение компьютеров и доступ к Интернету большого количества людей покрывают все затраты производителя электронных машин.

1. Translate into Russian.

A network worm has struck 6.200 machines that formed 7.3% computers to network. Among damaged things were NASA, Los Alamos National Lab, exploratory center VMS USA, California Technology Institute, and Wisconsin University (200 from 300 systems). According to "Wall Street Journal", a virus has infiltrated networks in Europe and Australia, where there were also registered events of blocking the computers.

Задания к дифференцированному зачету.

Курс 3, семестр 6.

Прикладная информатика.

Билет №25.

1. Answer the questions.

   1. What are researches at Xerox’s Polo Alto improvement in the technology of semiconductors?

   2. What viruses will erase your entire hard disk?

1. Translate into English.

   1. Клавиатура.

   2. Автоматически основанное программирование

   3. Языки программирования.

1. Translate into English the following sentences:

1.В процессе создания БЭВМ была проявлена очевидная целесообразность преобразования ее в маленький компьютер.

2.Информатика оказывает влияние на различные сферы нашей жизни.

1. Translate into Russian.

As you see, there are different types of viruses, and they have already been separated into classes and categories. For instance: dangerous, harmless, and very dangerous. No destruction means a harmless one, tricks with system halts means a dangerous one, and finally with a devastating destruction means a very dangerous virus.