Задания для студентов ССУЗ "Мастер с/х производства"

Задания для групп ССУЗ по специальности «Мастер с/х производства»

FARM MACHINERY  

1. We know the farmer to have a wide range of machinery to plow and disk, and harrow, and plant, and fertilize, and finally harvest faster, easier and more profitably today. The machine is known to be a device that uses force to accomplish something transmitting and changing force or motion into work.

2. Agricultural implements and machines being very numerous and diversified now may be divided into 4 main groups: tillage equipment, planting equipment, fertilizing equipment, harvesting equipment.

3. The aim of tillage is to prepare the soil for planting and to keep it loose and free from weeds during the growth of crops. The primary tillage equipment used by the farmer includes plows, sub-soilers, and thinners. The secondary tillage equipment embraces harrows, rollers and tools for mulching and fallowing. Plow is designed to eliminate weeds, to prepare a suitable seedbed, to improve the physical condition of the soil. Plows fall into mounted, semi mounted, disc, moldboard plows. The main components of ploughs are the main frame, the share, the moldboard, the disc coulter, the skim coulter, the headstock. The function of sub-soiler is to penetrate into the deeper depths and break up the layers of soil which have become compacted due to the movement of heavy machinery. A harrow is an implement used to level the ground and crush the clods, to stir the soil, and to prevent and destroy weeds. There are three principal kinds of harrow namely the disk, the spike-tooth, and the spring tooth.

4. Cultivation machinery is used to break down the soil before or after a crop is sown for covering seeds, for consolidating the soil and for hoeing out weeds. There are several types of cultivators designed for special crops and conditions: beet and bean cultivators, lister cultivators, rotary hoe cultivators, rod weeders, field cultivators, sub-soil and chisel cultivators.

5. Planting equipment is any power-operated device introduced to place seeds or plant parts in or on the soil for production of food and feed crops. It is classified as row-crop planters, broad-cast planters, grain drills and planting attachments for other equipment

6. Applying such types of fertilizers as barnyard manure, granular fertilizers, and fertilizers in liquid and gaseous form is necessary where soils are deficient in plant food elements. Such fertilizing equipment as manure spreaders, fertilizer distributors, sprayers are in use.

7. Crops are harvested by the use of many kinds of harvesting equipment for all types of crops. The principal machines required to make hay are mowers, rakes, balers. Grain and all types of seed crops are harvested by combine harvesters. Beet harvesters are available to harvest beet, potato harvesters and diggers being for potatoes

8. The tractor is the most important machine pulling many kinds of implements that cultivate plant, fertilize, and harvest. Wheeled tractors being used for general farm work, track-laying tractors or crawlers have the great advantage that they can be available for heavy loads on any class of land.  

apply fertilizers вносить удобрения в почву
break (broke, broken) up the layers of soil разбивать на мелкие куски пахотный горизонт break down the soil  рыхлить почву
compact утрамбовывать
crush the clods дробить глыбы, комья земли
cover seeds заделка семян
consolidate the soil трамбовать, уплотнять почву
destroy (syn. eliminate) weeds удалять сорняки
disk дисковать почву
fertilize the soil удобрять почву
fallow вспахивать под пар
harrow бороновать почву
hoe out the weeds пропалывать междурядья
level the ground выравнивать почву
mulch мульчировать
plant сажать
prevent weeds предотвращать сорняки
prepare seedbed готовить семенное ложе
penetrate проникать
pull тянуть, тащить
stir the soil рыхлить почву
sow (saw, sown) seeds ( syn. place)сеять семен
transmit передавать
barnyard manure навоз
beet cultivator свекловичный культиватор
bean cultivator культиватор для бобовых культур
broad- cast planter сеялка для пропашных культур
baler пресс-подборщик, сенной пресс
beet harvester машина для уборки свеклы
cultivation machinery (syn. cultivator) культиваторы
chisel cultivator чизель-культиватор
combine harvester зерноуборочный комбайн
components деталь
disc plow дисковый плуг
disk harrow дисковая борона
digger копатель
disc coulter дисковый нож
farm machinery сельскохозяйственная техника
fertilizing equipment машины для внесения удобрений
field cultivator культиватор для обработки паров
fertilizer distributor туковая сеялка
frame рама
granular fertilizer гранулированное удобрение
grain drill  зерновая сеялка
harvesting equipment уборочные машины
harrow борона
heavy machinery тяжелая техника
headstock присоединительная стойка навесного орудия
lister cultivator культиватор для бороздовых посевов
moldboard отвал
manure spreader навозоразбрасыватель
moldboard plow отвальный плуг
motion движение
mounted plow навесной плуг mower косилка