Carpenter tools

Hand and Power Tool Safety

1926 Subpart I - Tools – Hand and Power

This presentation is designed to assist trainers conducting OSHA 10-hour Construction Industry outreach training for workers. Since workers are the target audience, this presentation emphasizes hazard identification, avoidance, and control – not standards. No attempt has been made to treat the topic exhaustively. It is essential that trainers tailor their presentations to the needs and understanding of their audience.

This presentation is not a substitute for any of the provisions of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 or for any standards issued by the U.S. Department of Labor. Mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of Labor.

OSHA Office of Training and Education

Class Objectives

Describe general guidelines for hand and power tool safety.

Describe important hand and power tool basics.

Describe correct steps for proper tool maintenance and handling.

Identify personal protective equipment for using hand and power tools.

Describe safety procedures for point of operation safety.

Describe general guidelines for proper hand tool safety.

Describe general guidelines for proper electric tool safety.

Describe general guidelines for proper abrasive wheel tool safety.

Describe general guidelines for proper pneumatic tool safety.

Describe general guidelines for proper fuel and hydraulic tool safety.

Describe ergonomics in relation to tool use.

OSHA Office of Training and Education

Just the Facts

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration states that most injuries on construction sites involve excavation cave-ins, power tool accidents , falls, electrical hazards, and exposure to potentially dangerous materials

Working with power tools, you can get an electric shock, lose a finger, lose an eye, or go deaf. It's especially dangerous to use a tool that's defective, that's been modified, or that's not designed for the job. Of course, you can also get injured if you use any tool carelessly.

OSHA Office of Training and Education

Факты

Администрация по охране труда и гигиене труда заявляет, что большинство травм на строительных объектах связаны с раскопками пещер, авариями с электроинструментами, падениями, электрическими опасностями и воздействием потенциально опасных материалов

Работая с электроинструментами, можно получить электрошок, потерять палец, потерять глаз или оглохнуть. Особенно опасно использовать неисправный инструмент, модифицированный или не предназначенный для работы. Конечно, вы также можете получить травму, при неправильном или небрежном использований любого средства.

What the Regulations say about Hand Tools

Each employer shall be responsible

for the safe condition of tools and equipment used by employees

This includes tools and equipment which may be furnished by employees

Что говорится в Положении о ручных инструментах

Каждый работодатель несет ответственность для безопасного состояния инструментов и оборудования, используемых сотрудниками Это включает в себя инструменты и оборудование, которые предоставляются работникам

What the Regulations say about Hand Tools

• Employers shall not issue or permit the use of unsafe hand tools
• Wrenches, including adjustable, pipe, end, and socket wrenches shall not be used when jaws are sprung to the point that slippage occurs
• Impact tools, such as drift pins, wedges, and chisels, shall be kept free of mushroomed heads
• The wooden handles of tools shall be kept free of splinters or cracks and shall be kept tight in the tool

Что говорится в Положении о ручных инструментах

Работодатели не должны выдавать или разрешать использование небезопасных ручных инструментов

Гаечные ключи, не должны использоваться, когда челюсти деформированный до того что происходит проскальзывание

Ударные инструменты, такие как штифты, клинья и зубила, не должны иметь никаких дефектов

Деревянные ручки инструментов должны быть без трещин и должны быт плотно закрепленными в инструменте

OSHA Office of Training and Education

Hazards

Workers using hand

and power tools may

be exposed to these

hazards:

• Objects that fall, fly, are abrasive, or splash
• Harmful dusts, fumes, mists, vapors, and gases
• Frayed or damaged electrical cords, hazardous

connections and improper grounding

• Vibration and impact

Hand and power tools are a part of our everyday lives. These tools help us to perform tasks that otherwise would be difficult or impossible. However, even simple tools can be hazardous, and have the potential for causing severe injuries when used or maintained improperly. Special attention toward hand and power tool safety is necessary in order to reduce or eliminate these hazards.

OSHA Office of Training and Education

опасность

Работники, использующие инструменты и электроинструменты могут подвергнуться воздействию этих негативных факторов:

Объекты, которые падают, летают, или выплескиваются

Вредные пары и газы , испарения, туманы,и пыль.

Поврежденные электрические провода, опасные соединения и неправильное заземление

Вибрация и удар

OSHA Office of Training and Education

What do you think are the most common injuries from working with hand and power tools?

• Electric shock

• Flash burns

• Falling

• Hand and Eye injuries

• Hearing loss

• Crushing, cuts or

losing a body part

• Ergonomic injuries

OSHA Office of Training and Education

Basic Tool Safety Rules

• Maintain regularly
• Inspect before use
• Use the right tool for the job
• Operate according to manufacturers’ instructions
• Use the right Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
• Use guarding

OSHA Office of Training and Education

Регулярная чистка , смазка инструмента.

Осмотреть перед использованием

Используйте правильный инструмент для работы Работать в соответствии с инструкциями производителей

Использовать правильные средства индивидуальной защиты

OSHA Office of Training and Education

Hand Tool Hazards

Hazards are usually caused by misuse and improper maintenance

Do not use:

• wrenches when jaws are sprung
• impact tools (chisels and wedges)

when heads have mushroomed

• tools with loose, cracked or

splintered handles

• a screwdriver as a chisel
• tools with taped handles – they

may be hiding cracks

Crack

1926.301

• If a screwdriver is used as a chisel, the tip of the chisel may break and fly off, hitting the user or other employees.

• If a wooden handle on a tool, such as a hammer or an axe is loose, splintered, or cracked, the head of the tool may fly off and strike the user or other employees.

• If the jaws of a wrench are sprung, the wrench might slip.

• If impact tools, such as chisels, wedges, or drift pins have mushroomed heads, the heads might shatter on impact, sending sharp fragments flying toward the user or other employees.

OSHA Office of Training and Education

Опасности, как правило, вызваны неправильным использованием и неправильным обслуживанием

Не использовать :

При каких либо деформациях ключа

ударные инструменты (зубила и клинья) с деформированным бойком.

инструменты с свободными, треснутыми или отлетающими ручками, и использовать отвертку вместо стамески

Инструменты с клейкими ручками-они могут скрывать трещины

OSHA Office of Training and Education

Cutting and Slicing Tools (Knives, Box Cutters, Scissors, Razor Blades, etc…)

Safety Gloves – Protection against accidental cuts and vibration

A Sharp Blade Is Safer – When dull, a blade can slip from the object being cut and cause a serious injury.

Cut Downward – Always away from your hand.

Put It Back – Never leave a cutting tool lying on a table, chair, sink or desk. There are only three places that a cutting tool should ever be

1) in use,

2) stored safely in a drawer, tool box, in a knife rack, or,

3) in the dishwasher (blade down, handle up)

Never put knives in a sink full of soapy or

dirty water. Someone could reach into the

water and severely cut their hand.

OSHA Office of Training and Education

Cutting and Slicing Tools

Let It Go! – Never attempt to catch a

dropped knife or other cutting tool – let it fall.

Wipe Away From The Sharp Edge – if you need to

wipe or clean material off the blade, always wipe away

from the sharp edge.

Never Touch The Sharp Edge – Always use a piece of

paper to test the sharpness of a knife

– NEVER use your fingers!

Never use a knife as a substitute for other tools – such

as a screwdriver or bottle opener.

OSHA Office of Training and Education

OSHA Office of Training and Education

Hand Tools - Protection

Keep floor surface where working free from debris and tripping or slipping hazards

Keep cutting tools sharp

Use tools as they were intended to be used

Use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), such as safety glasses and gloves

PPE determined by Job Hazard Analysis (JHA)

1926.300(c) and (a) and 1926.25

Provide the necessary PPE to employees using hand and power tools to protect them from hazards of falling, flying, abrasive, and splashing objects, or exposure to harmful dusts, fumes, mists, vapors, or gases.

OSHA Office of Training and Education

OSHA Office of Training and Education

Does PPE Help?

A trash bag that held a turpentine container ruptured. Without warning, the can exploded and the mixture of paint thinner and paint sprayed all over Phil's face, head, and upper body. The force of the explosion knocked him to the ground.

While applying siding with an air powered

staple gun, the son fired a staple, hitting a

metal plate behind the siding. It ricocheted back towards his face and one leg of the staple

penetrated the safety

glasses' lens. The staple

hit with such force that

the frames were cracked

and the son received

bruising on the eyebrow

and cheekbone.

OSHA Office of Training and Education

PPE Standards

Various OSHA standards list specific requirements

for various types/levels of PPE

• Logging Standards
• Electrical Standards
• Hazardous Noise Standards
• Respiratory Protection Standards
• Chemical-Specific Standards

OSHA Office of Training and Education

Personal Protective Equipment

OSHA Office of Training and Education

Power Tools

Must be fitted with guards and safety switches

Extremely hazardous when

used improperly

Different types, determined

by their power source:

• Electric
• Pneumatic
• Liquid fuel
• Hydraulic
• Powder-actuated

1926.300(b) and 1926.302

OSHA Office of Training and Education

General Safety Guidelines for Power Tools

Be aware of all power lines and electrical circuits , water pipes , and other mechanical hazards in your work area, particularly those below the work surface, hidden from the operator's view, that may be contacted.

Wear proper apparel. Do not wear loose clothing, dangling objects or jewelry . Long hair must be restrained. Gloves should not be worn when operating certain power tools. Check appropriate tool manuals.

OSHA Office of Training and Education

Spark Resistant Tools

Around flammable substances, sparks produced by iron and steel hand tools can be a dangerous ignition source. Where this hazard exists, spark-resistant tools made from brass, plastic, aluminum, or wood will provide for safety.

OSHA Office of Training and Education

"Non-sparking", "spark-resistant" or "spark-proof“

tools are names given to tools made of metals such

as brass, bronze, Monel metal (copper-nickel alloy),

copper-aluminum alloys (aluminum bronze),

copper-beryllium alloys (beryllium bronze), and

titanium.

Preferred "non-sparking" metals have less tensile

strength than steels usually used to make tools.

A lower tensile strength means the metal has less

strength or resistance to tearing apart when

stretched under test conditions.

It also means that these tools are softer , wear down

more quickly than ordinary steel tools, and have

to be dressed more frequently.

OSHA Office of Training and Education

600 teeth pass at a given point per second 4. One in 5 injuries are from “kickback”. OSHA Office of Training and Education " width="640"

Most Dangerous Powered Hand Tool?

HINTS

1. Operating temperature can reach 900 degrees F.

2. Parts can move up to 68 miles an hour

3. At full speed, 600 teeth pass at a given

point per second

4. One in 5 injuries are from “kickback”.

OSHA Office of Training and Education

Switches

Hand-held power tools must be equipped with one of the following:

Constant pressure switch

shuts off power upon release

Examples: circular saw, chain saw, grinder, hand-held power drill

On-Off Switch

Examples: routers, planers, laminate trimmers, shears, jig saws, nibblers, scroll saws

1926.300(d)

Switches

Use "on-off" control : hand-held powered platen sanders, grinders with wheels 2-inch diameter or less, routers, planers, laminate trimmers, nibblers, shears, scroll saws, and jigsaws with blade shanks one-fourth of an inch wide or less

Use momentary contact "on-off" control and may have a lock-on control provided that turnoff can be accomplished by a single motion of the same finger or fingers that turn it on:

hand-held powered drills, tappers, fastener drivers, horizontal, vertical, and angle grinders with wheels greater than 2 inches in diameter, disc sanders, belt sanders, reciprocating saws, saber saws, and other similar operating powered tools.

Use a constant pressure switch which shuts off power when released:

All other hand-held powered tools, such as circular saws, chain saws, and percussion tools without positive accessory holding means

OSHA Office of Training and Education

Power Tools - Precautions

• Disconnect tools when not in use, before servicing and

cleaning, and when changing accessories

• Keep people not involved with the work away

from the work

• Secure work with clamps or a vise, freeing both

hands to operate the tool

• Don’t hold the switch button while carrying a plugged-in tool

• Keep tools sharp and clean
• Remove damaged electric tools & tag them: “Do Not Use”

OSHA Office of Training and Education

Power Tools – Precautions Electric Cords

Don’t carry portable tools by the cord

Don’t use electric cords to hoist or lower tools

Don’t yank cord or hose to disconnect it

Keep cords and hoses away from heat, oil, and sharp edges

Replace damaged cords immediately!

1926.302(a)(2)

OSHA Office of Training and Education

Would you use this extension cord?

OSHA Office of Training and Education

Electric Power Tools

To protect a worker from shock, these tools must:

• have a 3-wire cord plugged into a grounded receptacle
• be double insulated, or
• be powered by a low-voltage isolation transformer

Double insulated markings

1926.302 (a)(1)

Three-wire cords contain two current-carrying conductors and a grounding conductor. Any time an adapter is used to accommodate a two-hole receptacle, the adapter wire must be attached to a known ground. The third prong must never be removed from the plug.

Double-insulated tools are available that provide protection against electrical shock without third-wire grounding. On double-insulated tools, an internal layer of protective insulation completely isolates the external housing of the tool.

Plug with a grounding pin

OSHA Office of Training and Education

Electric Tools – Good Practices

• Operate within design limits
• Use gloves and safety shoes
• Store in a dry place
• Don’t use in wet locations unless

approved for that (use GFCI)

• Keep work areas well lit
• Ensure cords don’t present a tripping hazard

When using gloves, make sure they will not cause an amputation hazard by becoming loose clothing.

OSHA Office of Training and Education

Good Practice?

OSHA Office of Training and Education

Cordless Tools Need Love Too

OSHA Office of Training and Education

Abrasive Wheels and Tools

May throw off flying fragments

Equip with guards that:

• Cover the spindle end, nut, &

flange projections

• Maintain proper alignment with

the wheel

• Don’t exceed the strength of the fastenings

Guard so that a minimal amount of the wheel

is exposed

1926.303(b)(2), 1926.303 (c)(5)

OSHA Office of Training and Education

Inspecting Abrasive Wheels

Before mounting:

• inspect closely for damage

• perform sound- or ring-test

to ensure free from cracks

and defects

To test:

• tap wheel gently with a light,

non-metallic instrument

• if wheel sounds cracked or

dead, do not use it because

it could fly apart

1926.303 (c)(7)

A stable and undamaged wheel when tapped will give a clear metallic tone or “ring.”

OSHA Office of Training and Education

Abrasive Wheel Use

To prevent cracking:

• Fit the wheel freely on the spindle
• Tighten the spindle nut enough to

hold the wheel in place without

distorting the flange

• Let the tool come up to speed

prior to grinding or cutting

• Don’t stand in front of the wheel

as it comes up to full speed

• Use eye and/or face protection

1926.303 (c)(8), 1926.303 (c)(9)

Ensure the spindle speed doesn’t exceed the maximum speed marked on the wheel

OSHA Office of Training and Education

Abrasive Wheel Work Rests

Keep work rests not more than 1/8th inch from wheel surface

This prevents jamming the work between the wheel and the rest, which may cause the wheel to break

Don’t adjust wheel while it’s rotating

1926.303(e)

On offhand grinding machines, use work rests to support the work.

They are to be equipped with adjustable work rests to compensate for wheel wear.

The work rest shall be securely clamped after each adjustment. The adjustment shall not be made with the wheel in motion.

1926.303(c)(2)

Floor and bench-mounted grinders shall be provided with work rests which are rigidly supported and readily adjustable. Keep these work rests not more than one-eighth inch from the surface of the wheel.

OSHA Office of Training and Education

Guarding

Guard exposed moving parts of power tools

Guard belts, gears, shafts, pulleys, sprockets, spindles, flywheels, chains, or other moving parts

Never remove a guard when a tool is in use

1926.300(b)(2)

OSHA Office of Training and Education

Guarding - Point of Operation

This shows a radial arm saw equipped with proper point of operation guards

1926.300 (b)(4) and 1926.304(g)

The guarding device shall be designed and constructed to prevent the operator from having any part of his body in the danger zone during the operating cycle.

The point of operation is where the work is actually performed on the materials – it must be guarded

OSHA Office of Training and Education

Guarding Protection

Nip Point

Machine guards must protect the operator and others from:

• Point of operation
• In-running nip points
• Rotating parts
• Flying chips and sparks

1926.300(b)(3) and 1926.300(b)(4)(ii)

Examples of guarding methods are - barrier guards, two-hand tripping devices, electronic safety devices, etc.

Belt sanding machines must be provided with guards at each nip point where the sanding belt runs onto a pulley.

OSHA Office of Training and Education

Radial Saw Guarding

Radial arm saw equipped with an upper and lower blade guard

1926.304(g)(1)

The upper hood shall completely enclose the upper portion of the blade down to a point that will include the end of the saw arbor. Construct the upper hood in a manner and of material that will protect the operator from flying splinters, broken saw teeth, etc., and will deflect sawdust.

Guard the sides of the lower exposed portion of the blade to the full diameter of the blade by a device that will automatically adjust itself to the thickness of the stock and remain in contact with stock being cut to give maximum protection possible for the operation being performed.

Guard to prevent the operator from coming in contact the the rotating blade

OSHA Office of Training and Education

Guarding Portable Circular Saws

1926.304(d)

The upper guard shall cover the saw to the depth of the teeth, except for the minimum arc required to permit the base to be tilted for bevel cuts. The lower guard shall cover the saw to the depth of the teeth, except for the minimum arc required to allow proper retraction and contact with the work.

When the tool is withdrawn from the work, the lower guard shall automatically and instantly return to the covering position.

GRAPHIC

The graphic depicts a portable saw where the worker is holding the bottom guard up to demonstrate how it slides up as the blade comes in contact with the material being cut.

Guard these saws above and below the base plate or shoe. The lower guard must cover the saw to the depth of the teeth.

OSHA Office of Training and Education

Table Saw Guarding

Hood guard

1926.304(h)(1) Hand-fed crosscut table saws

Each circular crosscut table saw shall be guarded by a hood

Use a hood for guarding

Avoid This…….

OSHA Office of Training and Education

Pneumatic Tools

Powered by compressed air

Includes nailers, staplers, chippers, drills & sanders

Main hazard - getting hit by a tool attachment or by a fastener the worker is using with the tool

Take the same precautions with an air hose that you take with electric cords

Nail Gun -

Cut-Away View

OSHA Office of Training and Education

Pneumatic Tools - Fastening

Ensure tool is fastened securely to the air hose to prevent a disconnection

Use a short wire or positive locking device attaching the air hose to the tool

1926.302(b)(1)

Wire used to secure hose

OSHA Office of Training and Education

Pneumatic Tool Connections

 Unacceptable

 Acceptable

Hose clamp

1926.302(b )(1) and (2)

Secure pneumatic power tools to the hose by some positive means to prevent the tool from becoming accidentally disconnected.

Safety clips or retainers shall be securely installed and maintained on pneumatic impact tools to prevent attachments from being accidentally expelled.

OSHA Office of Training and Education

Pneumatic Tool Safety

Place a safety device on the muzzle to prevent the tool from ejecting fasteners, unless the muzzle is in contact with work surface

Install a safety clip or retainer to prevent attachments, such as chisels on a chipping hammer, from being ejected

Wear eye protection. Wear hearing protection with jackhammers.

1926.302(b)(2), 1926.302(b)(3)

Muzzle in contact

with work surface

OSHA Office of Training and Education

Compressed Air Cleaning

Don’t use compressed air for cleaning

Exception - where reduced to less than 30 p.s.i. with effective chip guarding and PPE

1926.302(b)(4)

The 30 p.s.i. requirement does not apply for concrete form, mill scale and similar cleaning purposes.

OSHA Office of Training and Education

Outdoor “Yard” Tools

• Read and Heed owners manual
• Guards in place
• Turn off to perform maintenance

or free jams/debris

• Wear PPE
• Proper plug in or fueling procedures

OSHA Office of Training and Education

Liquid Fuel Tools

Usually gas powered

Main hazard – fuel vapors

Carbon Monoxide Hazards

Use only approved flammable

liquid containers

Before refilling a fuel-powered

tool tank, shut down the engine

and allow it to cool

Refuel at least 10 feet from combustible materials

1926.302(c)

If using a fuel powered tool in an enclosed area such as a trench, be aware that carbon monoxide generated can displace or deplete oxygen. Mechanical ventilation and testing needs to be done.

OSHA Office of Training and Education

Powder-Actuated Tools

User must be trained and licensed to operate

Test tool each day before loading to ensure the safety devices are working properly

Wear suitable ear, eye, and face protection

Select a powder level that will do the work without excessive force

1926.302(e)

OSHA Office of Training and Education

Fatal Fact

Employee killed when struck in head by a nail fired from a powder actuated tool.

Tool operator was attempting to anchor a plywood form in preparation for pouring a concrete wall

Fatal Facts

A 22-year-old carpenter’s apprentice was killed when he was struck in the head by a nail fired from a powder-actuated nail gun. The nail gun operator fired the gun while attempting to anchor a plywood concrete form, causing the nail to pass through the hollow form. The nail traveled 27 feet before striking the victim. The nail gun operator had never received training on how to use the tool, and none of the employees in the area was wearing PPE.

In another situation, two workers were building a wall while remodeling a house. One of the workers was killed when he was struck by a nail fired from a powder-actuated nail gun. The tool operator who fired the nail was trying to attach a piece of plywood to a wooden stud. But the nail shot though the plywood and stud, striking the victim.

Below are some OSHA regulations that should have been followed.

• Employees using powder- or pressure-actuated tools must be trained to use them safely.

• Employees who operate powder- or pressure-actuated tools must be trained to avoid firing into easily penetrated materials (like plywood).

• In areas where workers could be exposed to flying nails, appropriate PPE must be used.

OSHA Office of Training and Education

Easily Penetrated Material

Avoid driving into materials easily penetrated unless materials are backed by a substance that will prevent the pin or fastener from passing through

1926.302(e)(8)

Also, don’t drive fasteners into very hard or brittle material that might chip or splatter, or make the fasteners ricochet

OSHA Office of Training and Education

Powder-Actuated Tool Safety Tips

• Don’t use in explosive or flammable atmosphere
• Inspect tool before use to ensure:

• it is clean, that moving parts operate freely the barrel is free from obstructions and has
• it is clean,
• that moving parts operate freely
• the barrel is free from obstructions and has

the proper shield, guard, and attachments

• the proper shield, guard, and attachments

• Don’t load the tool unless using immediately
• Don’t leave a loaded tool unattended
• Keep hands clear of the barrel end
• Never point the tool at anyone
• Store unloaded in a locked box

OSHA Office of Training and Education

Powder-Actuated Tool Safety

OSHA Office of Training and Education

Jacks

To set up a jack, ensure:

• The base is on a firm, level surface
• It’s centered
• The jack head is placed against

a level surface

• You apply the lift force evenly

• Lubricate and inspect jacks regularly

1926.305(d)(1)(iii), 1926.305(d)(1)(iv)

Inspect jacks according to this schedule:

(1) for jacks used continuously or intermittently at one site - at least once every 6 months,

(2) for jacks sent out of the shop for special work - inspect when sent out and inspect when returned

(3) for jacks subjected to abnormal loads or shock - inspect before use and immediately thereafter.

OSHA Office of Training and Education

Jacks - Capacity

The manufacturer's rated capacity must be marked on all jacks and must not be exceeded

All jacks must have a stop indicator (for over-travel) that is not exceeded

1926.305(a)(1)

OSHA Office of Training and Education

Jacks - Blocking

Immediately block the load after it is lifted. Put a block under the base of the jack when the foundation is not firm, and place a block between the jack cap and load if the cap might slip.

Photo - handyman jack is provided a firm base by using the railroad tie.

The load is cribbed to prevent it from falling.

1926.305 (c), 1926.305(d)(1)

When it is necessary to provide a firm foundation, block or crib the base of the jack.

Where there is a possibility of slippage of the metal cap of the jack, place a a wood block between the cap and the load.

OSHA Office of Training and Education

Reporting Accidents/Injuries

• First priority is to receive prompt medical attention (call 911)

• Report all work-related accidents, injuries or illnesses to your supervisor

• Regardless of severity
• Regardless of severity

• Paperwork to be filled out

• Incident Report Workers’ Compensation
• Incident Report
• Workers’ Compensation

Hospitalization must be reported immediately to

EHS&RM and no later than 8 hours from time of accident

OSHA Office of Training and Education

Summary

Hazards are usually the result of improper tool use or not following one or more of these protection techniques:

• Inspecting the tool before use
• Read Tool Owners Manual prior to use
• Using PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)
• Using guards
• Properly storing and maintaining the tool
• Keep the workplace neat and free of clutter
• Using safe handling techniques

OSHA Office of Training and Education

Quiz

QUIZ located at www.uaf.edu/safety Training then UAF Safety Training Powerpoints