Металлы, свойства металлов

METALS

1. Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты английских слов и словосочетаний:

1. quantity а. жесткий (жесткость)

2. alloy b. углерод

3. carbon с. растяжение

4. substance d. поломка

5. tough(ness) е. количество

6. hard(ness) f. ковкость

7. ductility g. разрыв

8. malleability h. прочность

9. tension i. вязкость

1. compression j. сплав

2. rupture k. твердый (твердость)

3. strength l. сжатие

4. breaking m. вещество

2. Переведите на русский язык встречающиеся в тексте интернациональные слова:

metal, industry, industrial, absolutely, laboratory, steel, elastic, mechanical, result, atom, atomic, structure, special, temperature.

3. Прочтите текст и выполните следующие за ним упражнения:

Mankind has used metals for centuries in gradually increasing quantities but only now they are employed in really great quantities.

Today we know more than seventy metals, the majority of which are used in industry.

Of all the metals iron is the most important one. Absolutely pure iron is never prepared except for laboratory purposes. The irons and steels in use today are really alloys of iron, carbon and other substances. They can be made elastic, tough, hard, or comparatively soft.

Mechanical properties of metals are the result of their atomic structure. They include hardness, ductility and malleability which are of special importance in engineering.

Ductility is the capacity of a metal to be permanently deformed in tension without breaking.

Malleability is the capacity of a metal to be permanently deformed by compression without rupture.

These properties are similar to each other but not the same. Most metals increase these properties at higher temperatures.

The strength of a metal is the property of resistance to external loads and stresses.

These mechanical properties are of great importance in industrial purposes because all parts and units made of iron and steel must meet up-to-date demands.

1. Найдите соответствующие ответы на вопросы

1. What is the most important metal?

2. What mechanical properties of metals do you know?

3. What is strength?

4. What is ductility?

5. What is malleability?

5. Закончите предложения, выбрав соответствующий вариант окончания:

1. The most important metal in use today is....

a) carbon

b) iron

c) some other metal

1. Ductility is the capacity….

2. Malleability is the capacity of a metal....

3. The strength of a metal is the property....