Настоящее завершенное и прошедшее простое время

PRESENT PERFECT/ PAST SIMPLE TENSE

Past Simple употребляется

• когда мы говорим о действиях, которые произошли в прошлом и с настоящим моментом не связаны, мы обычно знаем когда , как часто и где эти события произошли
• последовательных действиях
• кратких действиях, которые прервали более длительные действия в прошлом

e.g. Yesterday I visited my friend.

Last summer we often went to London.

He came home, had dinner and did his homework.

When Tom entered the room they were dancing.

Present Perfect употребляется:

• если неизвестно или неважно, когда совершено какое-либо действие, но важен его результат в настоящем
• когда имеем в виду определенный опыт

e.g. We have cleaned the house. The house is clean now. (Неважно, когда мы убрали дом, главное, что он чистый.)

e.g. Have you ever been to Paris?

Маркеры времени Past Simple

• yesterday - вчера
• last week (month, year) – на прошлой неделе, в прошлом месяце (году)
• ago – тому назад
• In 2010
• e.g. Five years ago I went to the kindergarten.
• He bought a new car last month .

Маркеры времени Present Perfect

• just – только что
• already – уже
• never – никогда
• ever – когда-либо
• yet - ещё

Обычно они ставятся перед V 3

e.g. I have just drunk milk.

She has already flown to America.

He has never flown to Africa.

Исключение

• yet - ещё

ставится в конце предложения

e.g. We haven’t been to Mexico yet .

В современном английском языке yet часто используется в вопросах, заменяя наречие already , которое обычно встречается в утвердительных предложениях.

e.g. He has already spoken at the meeting.

Has he spoken at the meeting yet?

Образование Present Perfect

I

You He

We V 3 She V 3

They It

e.g. I have washed the dishes.

He has eaten fruit.

have

has

Отрицания в Present Perfect

I He

You not V 3 She not V 3

We It

They

e.g. I have not washed the dishes.

He has not been to Spain.

have

has

Вопросы и краткие ответы в Present Perfect

I

you he

we V 3 ? she V 3 ?

they it

e.g. Have you washed your hands?

Yes,I have. No, I have not (haven’t)

Has Hellen been to Moscow?

Yes, she has. No, she has not (has’t)

Have

Has

3 форма английских глаголов (V 3 )

Правильные глаголы Неправильные глаголы

V+ ed см.таблицу неправ.гл.

to work – work ed to be – been

to wash – wash ed to come –come

to help – help ed to see – seen

to play –play ed to do - done

to visit – visit ed to forget - forgotten

to clean – clean ed to write - written

Choose the correct form of the verb to have

• I ... fed my dog.
• She ... eaten the cake.
• Mike ... done his homework.
• The ... broken the window.
• The boy ... hurt his hand.
• My mother ... forgotten her key at home.
• Children ... drunk the lemonade.

Answer the questions:

• Have you ever been to France?
• Have you done your homework yet?
• Have you helped your parents today?
• Have you seen this film?
• How long have you played the piano?
• What have you done this week?
• How have you helped your school?

Complete the sentences. Use the Present Perfect

• Susan (to make) a new dress for her bithday.
• She not (to speak) yet.
• We (to learn) already a lot of English words.
• I already (to do) my homework. Now I can go for a walk.
• He just (to come) home.
• I (not yet to eat) today.
• The rain (to stop) and the sun is shining in the sky again.

Choose the correct form of the verb.

• They _______the company two years ago.

a) started b) have started

• I _________them since December.

a) didn’t see b) haven’t seen

• He ______a new car two weeks ago.

a) bought b) has bought

• We ______back on Monday afternoon.

a) arrived b) have arrived

• They already ________the problem.

a) solved b) have solved

• It _______a lot last winter.

a) snowed b)has snowed