Презентация на тему Кубизм

Cubism

Материал взят From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Made by Троян Павел Юрьевич

2013

• Cubism  was a 20th century avant-garde art movement, pioneered by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque

• English art historian Douglas Cooper describes three phases of Cubism:
• "Early Cubism", (from 1906 to 1908) ;
• "High Cubism", (from 1909 to 1914) ;
• "Late Cubism", (from 1914 to 1921) .

Conception and origins

• During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the European cultural elite were discovering African, Micronesian and Native American art for the first time. Artists such as Paul Gauguin, Henri Matisse, and Pablo Picasso were intrigued and inspired by the stark power and simplicity of styles of those foreign cultures.

• Around 1906, Picasso met Matisse through Gertrude Stein, at a time when both artists had recently acquired an interest in primitivism, Iberian sculpture,  African art and African tribal masks.

• Some believe that the roots of cubism are to be found in the two distinct tendencies of Cézanne's later work: firstly to break the painted surface into small multifaceted areas of paint, thereby emphasizing the plural viewpoint given by binocular vision, and secondly his interest in the simplification of natural forms into cylinders, spheres, and cones.

• But the invention of Cubism was a joint effort between Pablo Picasso and Braque, then residents of Montmartre, Paris. These artists were the movement's main innovators. Picasso was initially the force and influence that persuaded Braque by 1908 to move away from Fauvism. The two artists began working closely together in late 1908–early 1909 until the outbreak of World War I in 1914.

Synthetic Cubism

• Synthetic Cubism was the second main movement within Cubism that was developed by Picasso, Braque, Juan Gris and others between 1912 and 1919. Synthetic cubism is characterized by the introduction of different textures, surfaces, collage elements, papier collé and a large variety of merged subject matter.

Picasso three musicians

Cubist sculpture

• Cubist sculpture developed in parallel to Cubist painting, by many of the same artists. Different sources name the first cubist sculpture as either Picasso's 1909 bronze  Head of a Woman  or Otto Gutfreund's  Anxiety  ( Úzkost  in Czech) shown in Prague in 1912.

Otto Gutfreund (Zenska hlava)

Cubism in other fields

• The influence of cubism extended to other artistic fields, outside painting and sculpture. In literature, the written works of Gertrude Stein. In the field of American fiction, William Faulkner's 1930 novel  As I Lay Dying  can be read as an interaction with the cubist mode. The poets generally associated with Cubism are Guillaume Apollinaire, Blaise Cendrars, Jean Cocteau, Max Jacob, André Salmon and Pierre Reverdy.

Cubism today

• Far from being an art movement confined to the annals of art history, Cubism and its legacy continue to inform the work of many contemporary artists.

Cubist  House of the Black Madonna , Prague, Czech Republic, 1912

The Young Ladies of Avignon