Словообразование в английском языке

Словообразование

1. Образование  существительных  с помощью суффиксов

От основы глагола

От основы существительного

От основы прилагательного или наречия

2. Образование прилагательных с помощью суффиксов

От основы существительного

От основы глагола

Составные прилагательные

3. Образование слов с помощью приставок

Отрицательные приставки

Другие приставки

4. Использование латинских  и греческих приставок и суффиксов для словообразования

Некоторые латинские и греческие приставки дают нам слова с числами:

Другие латинские и греческие приставки обозначают количество, размер или градацию:

Следующие латинские и греческие приставки обозначают специфические области человеческой деятельности.

При выполнении любых заданий на словообразование предлагается следующий

путь решения:

1. Прочитайте и переведите предложение.

2. Подумайте, какое слово пропущено, какая часть речи. Это можно определить по месту в предложении, словам и предлогам, стоящим рядом.

3. Если это существительное, то нужно вспомнить суффиксы существительных, единственное или множественное число.

4. Если это прилагательное — соответствующие суффиксы, приставки, возможно, отрицательные.

5. Если это наречие — суффиксы и приставки.

6. Если это глагол — суффиксы глаголов, временные формы, окончания.

7. Поставить образованное слово в пропуск и снова прочитать предложение.

Задания на образование разных частей речи с помощью

приставки или суффикса

Упр. 1. К какой части речи принадлежат следующие слова ипо каким признакам это можно определить?

Sleepy, photographer, forgetful, argument, thankful, carelessness, classify, modernize, coolness, lifeless, tasteful, formality, speculate, payable, slowness, thoughtfully, federative, entrance, appearance.

Упр. 2. К какой части речи принадлежат следующие слова, и по каким признакам это можно определить?

Correctness, specialize, formality, speculate, monotonous, boyish, brilliance, mysterious, fasten, ceremonious, attendance, instructive, speechless, really, business, incorrect, unfruitful, illness, ninth, television, re-enter, unusual.

Упр. 3. Проанализируйте слова, данные «семьями», и подберите необходимое слово в пропуски.

include, including, included, inclusion, inclusive
1. We were seven … Dan and Patsy.
2. Everyone must follow these rules, you … .
3. Megan’s … in the project helped a lot.
4. Did you … the flight expenses?
5. Our seats are 2-7 … .

Упр. 4. Образуйте существительное с помощью суффиксов “-ment-“, “-ant-“, “-ness-“ and “-ist-”

appoint _______________________

move ____________________________

mad ______________________________

enjoy _______________________________

science ______________________________

advertise _____________________________

material ______________________________

judge ________________________________

kind ________________________________

entertain _____________________________

consult _______________________________

govern ________________________________

type __________________________________

develop __________________________________

improve _________________________________

Упр. 5. Образуйте существительное с помощью суффиксов -an, -ant, -ar , -er,/-an, -ist, -or

Example: 1 He acts very well. He’s a fine actor

2. Don’t beg. You’re not _______________

1. I can’t play the piano. I’m not a_______________

2. She drives well. She’s a good _____________

3. Manuel assists me. He’s my________________

4. She always tells lies. She’s such a ______________

5. Anna is studying history. She’s a fine_______________

Упр. 6. Task 3 Образуйте существительное с помощью суффиксов - age, -hood, -at/on, -ion, -ful, -ence, -ness, -al, -ment, -ety,- ism, -ity

Example: I decided this. It was my decision.

1. Don’t be anxious. Control your__________________________.

2. Ann’s socialist. She believes in ___________________________.

3. We all want to be happy. We all seek.______________________.

4. We all agree. We’re all in_________________________________

5. Who discovered this? Who made this_________________________?

6. We’ll arrive. We’ll be met on________________________________.

7. I was a child then. That was in my _____________________________.

8. She is absent. Can you explain her______________________________?

9. Be more efficient. improve your_________________________________

10. Don’t be so curious. Control your ______________________________.

11. I refused their offer. My _________________________ is final.

12. Can you explain it? Is there an________________________________?

13. Don’t argue. I don’t want an____________________________.

Упр. 7. Образуйте другие существительные от слова:

Example: direction-director-directions- directorship

examination-__________________________________________________________

imagination -____________________________________________________________

consideration - _________________________________________________________

dictation -______________________________________________________________

collection -______________________________________________________________

co-operation -_____________________________________________________________

isolation -________________________________________________________________

concentration -_____________________________________________________________

construction -______________________________________________________________

contribution -_______________________________________________________________

happiness -_________________________________________________________________

Упр. 8. Выберите нужную форму и заполните пропуски.

Travel — travelled, have travelled, will travel, traveler, travelling

1. We like … to the southern countries.

2. We … tothe USA.

3. Columbusis a famous… .

4. Next summer we … to Bulgaria.

Perform, performing, performer, performance

1. Itwas a wonderful… !

2. I never saw Ann … in this play.

3. The actors … a wonderful play.

4. Markis a brilliant… .

Adventure(s), adventurous

1. We had many … in our trip to Moscow.

2. He is a very … person.

Exciting, excitement, excited

1. Thefilmwasvery… .

2. We are very … by our future trip.

3. I got great … from this film.

Упр. 9.  Образуйте с помощью суффиксов и приставок нужные слова и вставьте в пропуски

1. Strong —    1. I … recommend you to come.  2. He showed me his …3. I become … everyday.

2. Fortune — 1. I was … this day. 2. …, we missed the train.

3. Attract — 1. She was a very … girl. 2. The place was dirty and …3. I likethispopular… .

4. Child —      1. I was unhappy in my … . 2. Many … play in the ground. 3. Shewasvery… .

5. Act  —1. Reading is an …   3. Many … were taken to improve the situation. 4. She is a great … . 5. Children were … at the lesson. 6. She was lazy and … .

6. Participate — 1. We are … of the competitions. 2. … in this concert made me famous.

7. Athlete — 1. I like … .  2. He is very … strong.

Упр. 10.  Образуйте существительное при помощи суффикса

Example: 1. Many people visited us during summer. We had many visitors.

2 He suggested that I study French. I like his suggestions.

1. We couldn’t agree. We couldn’t reach an______________________

2. The detective investigated the murder. During his ________________ he questioned dozens or people.

3. She described her trip. Her __________________ was full and interesting.

4. His health has improved since he’s been in the clinic. The _______________ is very noticeable.

Упр. 10.  Сделайте правильный выбор. Переведите предложение.

1. What is the (long, length) of the corridor?
2. How (long, length) is the street?
3. He is not (strong, strength) enough to fight with John?
4. My brother can lift the box because of his (strong, strength).
5. Nelly’s skirt is too (wide, width).
6. We can’t get the piano through the door because of its (wide, width).
7. Is spring a (warmth, warm) season?
8. We felt the (warm, warmth) of the sun on out faces and hands.
9. We were surprised at your formal (polite, politeness).
10. We were not struck by the (white, whiteness) of the snow.

Упр. 11. Измените слово в скобках так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало предложению.

1. Herald Tribune has got a lot of (read).
   2. Jim was (help), no one could help him.
   3. Ron had a very (pleasant) talk with Mr. Willson, he looked very sad.
   4. BBC and CNN work (professional).
   5. Comics is a (fun) reading.
   6. The flower smells (wonder).
   7. I do grammar exercises (regular).
   8. Columbus was a great (travel).

Упр. 12. Измените слово в скобках так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало предложению.

1. (Fortunate) he lost all his money.
2. I stay away from (cruelty) people.
3. I feel (depress) when I am very busy.
4. John is a drug (addiction). He has had this (addict) for several years.
5. Sandra has never felt such (humiliate).
6. What a (fail)! Evidently our team is losing the game.
7. What room (serve) can you offer?
8. It’s often said in newspapers that all people are (equality).
9. I’m talking (serious), stop laughing now!
10. What a wonderful (image) Jane has got! Her story is really beautiful and touching.
11. I’m sorry for (interrupt), but I must deliver this important information.
12. This program is really (entertain).
13. Did he (threat) you? — Oh, no. He just warned me.
14. It was an (forget) concert. The music was live, we enjoyed it a lot.

Упр. 13. Измените слово в скобках так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало предложению.

1. The kids played (cheer) in the yard.
2. It’s the first time I have been to London, I am a (strange) here.
3. He tried to (concentration), but in vain, the headache was splitting.
4. The Hermitage is a real (treasure) of Russian art.
5. The (quiet) of the house was very unusual, so they decided to enter. At the (enter) they were stopped by an old man.
6. It’s a strange (feel) as if I have been there before.
7. It’s a little (peace) village situated far from the city.
8. Matilda had never had the feeling of (lonely), how could she be lonely if she had lots of books around her.
9. I like Christmas (cheerful).
10. The baby was sleeping (peace) in his crib.
11. Amanda has never spoken a word of (wise), I have never seen such a stupid girl.

Упр. 14. Измените слово в скобках так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало предложению.

1. People have made a lot of (discover).
2. Ron is (skill), he can’t do anything.
3. Edwards is a famous (production).
4. Space (explorer) is very important for any country.
5. Americans were the first to (flight) to the Moon.
6. Mary has a very good (memorable), she can learn any poem in 5 minutes.
7. (whole), I understand the topic rather well.
8. (Create) of a spaceship is a very difficult process.
9. We had a very long (argue) about the terms of the experiment.
10. Alice has a deep (know) of Chemistry.
11. The tool was (use) for us, you needn’t have brought it.
12. How did you (achievement) such results?
13. Japan is a (lead) country in developing new technologies.

Упр. 15. Прочитайте связный текст и измените слово в соответствии с контекстом.

Ссылки:

1. http://www.fipi.ru/oge-i-gve-9/demoversii-specifikacii-kodifikatory

2. http://www.interactive-english.ru/uprazhneniya/328-slovoobrazovanie-word-formation/

3. http://www.reshu-ege-oge.com/ege_anglijskij_yazyk.html

4. http://www.reshu-ege-oge.com/oge_anglijskij_yazyk.html