Степени сравнения прилагательных

C тепени сравнения прилагательных в английском языке

Односложные прилагательные

Подавляющее большинство односложных прилагательных образуют степени сравнения с помощью суффиксов:

• Сравнительная степень образуется при помощи суффикса – er
• Превосходная степень образуется при помощи суффикса  - est

dark - dark er - ( the ) dark est

nice - nic er - ( the) nic est

Правила :

• 1    В односложных прилагательных на краткая гласная + один согласный , конечная согласная буква удваивается

b ig - bi gg er – the bi gg est

th in - thi nn er – the thi nn est

• 2    Если прилагательное оканчивается на согласный + y , то y меняется на i :

bu sy - bus ier – the bus iest

hap py - happ ier – the happ iest

•   3   Конечная гласная e ( немое e ) перед суффиксами - er , - est о пускается :

whit e - whit er - whit est

Двусложные и многосложные прилагательные

• Образуют сравнительную степень с помощью слова more - более , а превосходную степень – the most - самый (наиболее)

Honest – more honest – (the) most honest

• Меньшая и самая низкая степень качества выражаются словами less - менее   the   least – наименее .

We are glad that this work is less difficult .

Двусложные прилагательные

• 1. На – y , - er , - ow , - le , а также некоторые , имеющие ударение на втором слоге , образуют формы сравнения с помощью суффиксов: simple - simpl er – the simpl est

busy - bus i er – the bus i est

quiet – quiet er – the quiet est

• Некоторые образуют степени сравнения двумя способами: clever – clever er – the clever est ; и more clever – the most clever stupid- stupid er - the stupid est ; more stupid – the most stupid

Исключения:

• good (well) - better - (the) best
• little - less - (the) least
• bad - worse – (the) worst
• much /many – more - (the) most
• far – farther - (the) farthest

Сравнительные конструкции с прилагательными

Положительная степень

• 1   as … + прилагательное + as   в значении  такой же …как, так же…как

He is as tall as his brother.

This text is as difficult as that one.

• 2    not so + прилагательное + as в значении  не так…как,  не такой…как

He is not so ( as ) tall as his brother.

The problem is not so simple as it seems.

She is not so beautiful as you (are).

Положительная степень

• 3    twice [ twaIs ] as + прилагательное + as ( в два раза ) или three times as + прилагательное + as (в три раза)

Your room is twice as large as mine.

This box is three times as heavy as that.

• 4 half ( половина, наполовину, в два раза меньше)

half as + прилагательное + as

!!! Прилагательное в этой конструкции имеет противоположное значение тому, что принято в русском языке:

Your flat is half as large as mine.

Moscow is half as big as New York.

Сравнительная степень

• 1   При сравнении одного с другим: than - чем

He is older than I am.

This book is more interesting than that one.

• 2 Уменьшение качества: less … than

I am less musical than my sister.

• 3   Для усиления сравнительной степени :

much , many или far значительно, гораздо, намного

still еще , even даже , by far намного

m uch more , far more - перед неисчисляемыми сущ.

many more – перед исчисляемыми сущ.

My boyfriend is much older than me.

• 4    Зависимость одного качества от другого – конструкция the … the :

The more you have, the more you want.

The longer I stay here the better I like it.

• 1. I am ___________ (tall) my sister.
• 2. My mum thinks that cats are ___________ (good) pets than dogs.
• 3. Cycling is one of ___________ (dangerous) sports.
• 4. I want to have ___________ (big) car.
• 5. A blue whale is ___________ (heavy) twenty-five elephants.
• 6. You look ___________ (thin) last month. Have you lost weight?
• 7. Bicycles are ___________ (slow) cars.
• 8. She is ___________ (nice) person I know.
• 9. What is ___________ (good) film you´ve seen?
• 10. Computers are ___________ (cheap) mobile phones.
• 11. Is your brother ___________ (tall) you?
• 12. I think Spanish is ___________ (easy) Japanese.
• 13. Our dog is ___________ (nice) your dog.
• 14. Glass bottles are ___________ (good) plastic bottles.
• 15. I think Rafael Nadal is ___________(good) tennis player in Spain.
• 16. Sharks are ___________ (dangerous) other fish.
• 17. This situation is ___________ (serious) the last one.
• 18. He is ___________ (smart) his brother.
• 19. My brother wanted ___________ (expensive) trainers in the shop.
• 20. Today is ___________ (good) day of the year.
• 21. Daniela is ___________ (funny) me.
• 22. My house is ___________ (larger).
• 23. Mount Everest is ___________ (high) mountain in the world.
• 24. The sea is ___________ (large) a lake.
• 25. My job is ___________ (easy) yours.
• 26. London is ___________ (big) city in England.
• 27. This car is ___________ (comfortable) yours.
• 28. He is ___________ (rich) man in town.
• 29. I am ___________ (strong) you.
• 30. A baby blue whale gets ___________ (big) a great white shark.

• 1. This book is (the most interesting, interestingest) of all I have read this year.
• 2. My sister speaks English (badder, worse) than I do.
• 3. Which is (the hottest, hotter) month of the year?
• 4. Which is (the beautifulest, the most beautiful) place in this part of the country.
• 5. A train is (faster, the fastest) than a bus.
• 6. Take some of these sweets: they are very (nicer, nice). They are (nicer, nice) than the sweets in that box.
• 7. (Tall, the tallest) trees in the world grow in California.
• 8. This girl is (the goodest, the best) student in our group.
• 9. Spanish is (the easiest, easier) than German.
• 10. The Thames is (short, shorter) than the Volga.

• Составьте из данных слов предложения и переведите их.
• most – the Mona Lisa – in – is – painting – the – famous – the – world.
• longer – the Don – is – the Volga – than.
• more – Spain – Germany – than – beautiful - is.
• London – city – in – biggest – the – England – is.
• the – team – Adam – is - worst – the – player – in.