Учебно-методическая разработка на тему "Прилагательное"

Adjectives

Adjectives are words expressing properties and characteristics of objects and, hence, qualifying nouns.

Formation of Adjectives

-able : comfortable, reliable

-ible : sensible, visible

- ant : elegant, predominant

-ent : dependent, intelligent, innocent

-al : cultural, musical, medical

-ic : atomic, scientific

-ish : childish, foolish

-ive : attractive, expensive

-ful : careful, useful, skillful

Subheading goes here

-less : careless, helpless

-ly : brotherly, deadly

-ous : dangerous, curious

-y : dirty, dusty, sleepy

Classification of adjectives

a) emphasizers(giving a general heightening effect): a clear failure

1)Intensifying adjectives

b) amplifiers( denoting a high or extreme degree): a complete victory

c) downtoners(having a lowering effect): a slight misunderstanding

2) restrictive adjectives ( restrict the reference to the noun exclusively, particularly or chiefly):the exact answer, the main reason, a particular occasion

3 )adjecives related to adverbial expression: a former friend( →formerly a friend), a possible opponent( →possibly an opponent)

4)adjectives formed from noun: a criminal lawyer, an atomic student, a woollen dress.

Degrees of comparison

Positive

New, beautiful

Superlative

-est: new – the newest

Most: beautiful – the most beautiful

Comparative

-er: new – newer

More: beautiful – more beautiful

irregular forms

Good – better – best

Bad – worse – worst

Far – farther – farthest(for distance)

Fur – further – furthest (for time and distance)

Near – nearer – nearest (for distance)

next(for order)

Late – later – latest (for time)

last(for order)

Old – older – oldest (for age)

Elder – eldest (for seniority rather than age; used only attributively).

Set-phrases

a change for the better – перемена к лучшему

So much the better(the worse) – тем лучше (хуже)

To be the worse for – делать что-то ещё хуже, ещё больше

None the worse for – хуже не станет (не стало) от…

If the worst comes to the worst – в худшем случае

To go from bad to worse – становиться всё хуже и хуже

As best – в полную меру старания, как только можно

At (the) best – в лучшем случае

Syntactic functions of adjectives

an attribute :

She had pleasant blue eyes and very long fair hair which she wore in neat plaits round her head.

a predicative :

part of a compound verbal predicate :

He stood silent, with his back turned to the window .

Her smile was almost professional .

an objective predicate :

I thought him very intelligent .

an adverbial modifier :

Whether right or wrong , the man ought to be treated fairly.

a subjective predicate :

The door was closed tight .

Place of adjectives in attributive phrases

1

2

epithet

3

size

4

shape

5

age

6

colour

7

origin

8

substance

9

Attribute forming a close sense-unit with a noun

noun

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