CULTURE. Базовая тема для устного ответа с тематическим словарём (в виде таблицы) для старших классов.

CULTURE: MUSIC, ARTS, LITERATURE

Culture is a result of human activity. We are a part of nature, but all we do, make, create, develop, cultivate to make our life better, more comfortable and interesting becomes our culture: architecture, cuisine, agriculture, science, arts, music, literature. Human historical experience is reflected in books and traditions, taught in schools and universities. Inventions and works of art help us evolve both materially and spiritually.

People have always tried to reflect reality to understand and explain it. That’s why they began to draw and paint pictures, tell stories – myths, legends, fairy-tales; to express their emotions and feelings they composed music, songs and poems, they decorated their homes and designed clothes, invented new tools and new ways to grow and cook food, found new materials to build and make things of, developed new means of transport and communication, medicines and cures. Cultures of different countries are very specific and unique, but they shared their best achievements with one another.

Best artists, writers, poets, composers, singers, musicians, actors, architects, scientists, inventors, explorers contributed to the world’s culture. We all know the names of our favorite Italian artists - Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Rafael; English poets - Shakespeare, Byron, Burns, Shelly; German poets - Goethe, Heine, Schiller; Russian writers and poets – Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Chekhov, Pushkin, Lermontov, Pasternak. Many generations listen to the music of Mozart, Bach, Beethoven, Chopin, Schubert, Tchaikovsky, Verdi. We admire the palaces of Rossi and cathedrals of Gaudi, we are grateful for the inventions of Edison, Bell, Popov, Tesla, Fleming and the geographic discoveries of Columbus, Vasko da Gama, Magellan, Miklouho-Maclay and scientific discoveries of Pythagoras, Archimedes, Galilei, Einstein and many others.

Nowadays the majority of people enjoy culture through television and the Internet, but some still read prose - novels, detective and other stories, poetry, science-fiction, popular scientific books, visit exhibitions of paintings and sculptures in museums, theatre performances, movies in cinemas, concerts of classical, pop or rock music in concert-halls.

culture культура

human activity человеческая деятельность

architecture архитектура cuisine кухня agriculture сельское хозяйство

art искусство music музыка literature литература science наука

experience is reflected in опыт отражается в

to reflect reality отражать реальность evolve эволюционировать

traditions традиции customs обычаи

inventions изобретения works of art произведения искусства discoveries открытия contribute to внести свой вклад

draw and paint pictures рисовать и писать картины

myths, legends, fairy-tales мифы, легенды, сказки

to express their emotions and feelings

compose music, songs and poems сочинять музыку, песни, стихи

decorate украшать, декорировать design clothes создавать одежду invent new tools изобретать новые орудия труда

new ways to grow and cook food новые способы готовить еду

develop new means of transport and communication, medicines

разрабатывать новые средства транспорта и коммуникаций, лекарства achievements достижения

artist художник, артист writer писатель poet поэт

composer композитор singer певец

musician музыкант actor актёр architect архитектор

scientist учёный inventor изобретатель explorer исследователь

cathedral собор

palace дворец

television телевидение the Internet интернет

prose проза novel роман (detective) stories (детективные) рассказы poetry поэзия science-fiction научная фантастика

popular scientific books научно-популярные книги

exhibition выставка painting картина/ живопись

sculpture скульптура museum музей

theatre performance спектакль movies фильмы cinema кино

concerts of classical, pop / rock music концерты классической, поп, рок музыки concert-hall концертный зал