"Добро пожаловать в Российскую Федерацию!" Методическое пособие.

Федеральное государственное бюджетное

образовательное учреждение

«Всероссийский детский центр «Орленок»,

Общеобразовательная школа

Методическое пособие для 8-10 классов

2018 год

Welcome to the Russian Federation. Методическое пособие для учащихся среднего уровня владения английским языком. Автор-составитель Латипова Р.Д. ФГБОУ ВДЦ «Орленок»: общеобразовательная школа, 2018-16 с

Дорогой друг!

Ты уже хорошо знаешь грамматику, изучил все времена английского глагола, блестяще знаешь Великобританию и Америку и можешь рассказать об англоговорящих странах, а что же ты знаешь о своей стране, о своем родном крае?

В твоих руках сейчас находится пособие, которое называется «Добро пожаловать в Российскую Федерацию», оно поможет тебе больше узнать о России, Москве и Санкт–Петербурге, оно обогатит твой словарный запас. Выполняя упражнения, представленные здесь, ты сможешь совершенствовать свои грамматические навыки, развить языковую догадку, применить знания, полученные на уроках географии и истории, расширить свой кругозор. Возможно, ты узнаешь что-то новое о России, и эти знания тебе пригодятся на других уроках, и, конечно же, ты сможешь представлять Россию на международном уровне, ведь у тебя уже, наверняка, есть друг в далекой Британии (а если нет, то обязательно появится). А пока ты сможешь представить твой собственный регион - твою малую Родину своим одноклассникам, сам или с ребятами из твоего края, области или республики.

Представить свой регион можно по-разному: выполнив проект в виде интеллект-карты, либо электронной презентации, в этом тебе помогут приложения к нашему сборнику, где представлены тексты по всем регионам России, а также карты всех субъектов Российской Федерации. Работая над проектом, вы сможете развить свои творческие способности, эстетический вкус, целеустремленность, анализировать информацию, делать обобщения, выводы, совершенствовать умение работать с разнообразным справочным материалом, умение лаконично излагать мысль, и чтобы добиться успеха, вам придется быть трудолюбивыми и дисциплинированными, помогать друг другу. Ведь вместе мы - одна единая сильная страна Россия!

С уважением, автор-составитель пособия.

Welcome to the Russian Federation!

Read and translate the text.

Russia (officially also the Russian Federation) is a country located in Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the largest country in the world. Moscow is the capital city. The population of Russia is about 144 million people (2015), the area is about 17 million sq. km. Russia is known as one of the leading space powers in the world.

The Russian Federation borders on such countries as Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Byelorussia, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China, North Korea by land, Japan and the USA - by sea. Russia is washed by the waters of the Pacific and Arctic Oceans, as well as by the Baltic, Black, Azov seas of the Atlantic Ocean and the Caspian Sea, possessing the longest coastline in the world. The length of the territory of Russia from west to east is about 10,000 km, from north to south - more than 4,000 km.

Russian economy, tourism and transport

The country is one of the leaders in the extraction of diamonds, platinum, oil, natural gas, a large exporter of steel, grain, weapons. Russia has one of the world’s largest reserves of freshwater. The largest freshwater lake is Lake Baikal, located in the eastern part of the country (about 31,700 sq. km.), the deepest lake in the world. The longest river is the Lena; the highest mountain is Elbrus.

More than 70% of the Russian territory is a zone of risky farming. The agricultural season in most of Russia lasts only 2-4 months. At the same time Russia has about 9% of all productive arable land in the world and more than 50% of world chernozem (black earth).

The main tourist routes are trips along the Golden Ring of Russia (ancient Russian towns), cruises along the Volga River and long trips along the Trans-Siberian Railway. Thanks to ancient history, climatic diversity, abundance of historical and natural monuments, sports and cultural events of a global scale, Russia is one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world.

The transport system in Russia is characterized by an underdeveloped transport network, although it is one of the most extensive in the world, including more than 120,000 km of railways, 1 million km of roads, 230,000 km of main pipelines, 100,000 km of inland waterways.

Population of Russia

About 78% of the population lives in the European part of Russia, which is less than 25% of the total territory. People prefer to live in cities and towns (the urbanization level is more than 70%).

In total, there are more than 150 cities in Russia (with a population of more than 100 thousand people). 15 cities have a population of more than one million people: Moscow, St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Ekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan, Chelyabinsk, Omsk, Samara, Rostov-on-Don, Ufa, Krasnoyarsk, Perm, Voronezh, Volgograd.

Russia is a multiethnic country, distinguished by a great ethnocultural diversity. The greater part (about 75%) of the population refers to Orthodoxy, which makes Russia a country with the largest Orthodox population in the world. In total, representatives of more than 200 nationalities (ethnic groups) live in Russia. The Russian language is native to about 130 million citizens of Russia.

Russia consists of 8 federal districts, that are divided into 85 “subjects”. These subjects are of equal federative rights in the sense that they have equal representation (2 delegates each) to the Federative Council of Russia. There are different kinds of “subjects”: 46 oblasts, 22 autonomous republics, 9 territories (Krai), 4 autonomous districts, 1 autonomous oblast, 3 federal cities.

Vocabulary

Moscow

Moscow is the capital of Russia, the largest city in the country and Europe, and one of the largest cities in the world. It is the main transport hub of Russia, its political, economic, cultural, and scientific center. The population of Moscow is more than 12 millon (2015), the area - 2,561 sq. km

The real age of Moscow is not known. There are some myths saying that the foundation of Moscow took place in ancient times. The first trustworthy chronicle which mentioned the settlement is the Ipatyev Chronicle, saying that on Saturday, April 4, 1147, the prince Yury Dolgoruky received his friends and allies headed by the prince Svyatoslav Olgovich in a small town called Moskov.

Moscow is located in the center of the European part of Russia, between the rivers Oka and Volga. The city has the status of a separate federal subject of the Russian Federation. It is the smallest federal subject by land area.

The name of the city as well as the names of many other cities around the world, is bound with the name of the river it is standing on (the Moskva River).

Moscow economy and transport

Moscow has been the largest transport hub of Russia throughout its history. The city is located in the very center of the hub of railways and highways. The city is surrounded by 6 airports, 9 railway stations, and 3 river ports. Moscow has developed a fabulous metro (subway) system. The first stations were built in 1935.

Moscow is the largest Russian financial center. About half of Russian banks are located in Moscow. Most of the largest companies are registered and have head offices in Moscow, although their manufactures might be located thousands of km from the city.

The city is the most important center of retail sales in Russia. Moscow represents about 30% of all commodities sold in Russia. Moscow is also a large scientific center. There are a lot of scientific research institutes carrying out research in many branches, such as nuclear power, microelectronics, space exploration and other promising directions.

Moscow attraction

Moscow is one of the largest cultural and tourist centers of Europe and the world. There are a lot of different places of interest in the city - various historical, cultural, and architectural sites as well as entertainment centers.

Moscow is the seat of power of the Government of Russia, being the site of the Moscow Kremlin, a medieval city-fortress that is today the residence for work of the President of Russia. The Moscow Kremlin and Red Square are also one of several World Heritage Sites in the city. Both chambers of the Russian parliament (the State Duma and the Federation Council) also sit in the city. Moscow is considered the centre of Russian culture, having served as the home of Russian artists, scientists and sports figures and because of the presence of museums, academic and political institutions and theatres.

The Kremlin, the Bolshoi Theater, A.S.Pushkin Fine Arts Museum, and Tretyakov Gallery are among the most famous Moscow sights. Such sights as the Novodevichy monastery and Kolomenskoye estate are included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. The hyperboloid design of Shuhovskaya tower and Ostankino TV tower are unique. The latter was once the highest building in the world (540 m).

Moscow has acquired a number of epithets, most referring to its size and preeminent status within the nation: The Third Rome (Третий Рим), The Whitestone One (Белокаменная), The First Throne (Первопрестольная), and The Hero City (город-герой).

Vocabulary

Saint Petersburg

Saint Petersburg  is Russia's second-largest city after Moscow, with five million inhabitants in 2012, and an important Russian port on the Baltic Sea. It is situated on the Neva River, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea, it was founded by Tsar Peter the Great on May 1703. Saint Petersburg is the only city in the world with a population over 1,000,000 people which is located so far in the north. Also, it is the largest city in Europe that is not a capital city.

Saint Petersburg has a lot of informal names: the northern capital (the second capital), the cultural capital, the city on the Neva River, the city of white nights, or just Peter.

Saint Petersburg is one of the modern cities of Russia, as well as its cultural capital.  Saint Petersburg is home to  the Hermitage, one of the largest art museums in the world. Many foreign consulates, international corporations, banks, and businesses have offices in Saint Petersburg.

Saint Petersburg places of interests

St. Petersburg is the cultural center of global significance. The city has more than 8,000 objects of cultural heritage (monuments of history and culture), including more than 4,000 objects of cultural heritage of federal importance (almost 10% of all the monuments protected by the state on the territory of Russia).

A scenic view of St. Petersburg is determined by its architecture: straight streets, large squares, gardens and parks, rivers and numerous canals, embankments, bridges, monuments and decorative statues.

The historic center of Saint Petersburg and related to it complexes of monuments are included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Hermitage (about three million works of art and monuments of world culture) is complex stretching along the Palace Embankment, which includes the baroque Winter Palace, former official residence of Russian emperors, Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography named after Peter the Great (Kunstkamera), the Mariinsky Theater, the National Library of Russia, the Russian Museum (the largest museum of Russian art), the ensemble of Peter and Paul Fortress with the Peter and Paul Cathedral takes a dominant position on Zayachy Island along the right bank of the Neva River, St. Isaac’s Cathedral, Nevsky Prospekt is the most important cultural and tourist site also situated on the left bank of the Neva, is the main avenue in the city. On the territory between the Neva and Nevsky Prospekt the Church of the Savior on Blood, Mikhailovsky Palace housing the Russian Museum, Field of Mars, St. Michael's Castle, Summer Garden, Tauride Palace, Smolny Institute and Smolny Convent are located. The Saint Petersburg Mosque, the largest mosque in Europe when opened in 1913.

White nights in St. Petersburg take place from June 11 till July 2. They are one of the symbols of St. Petersburg: various festivals and celebrations happen during these days. The image of white nights is widely used in literature and arts

Due to the intricate web of canals, Saint Petersburg is often called Venice of the North. The rivers and canals in the city centre are lined with granite embankments. The embankments and bridges are separated from rivers and canals by granite or cast iron parapets.

Southern suburbs of the city feature former imperial residences, including Petergof, with majestic fountain cascades and parks, Oranienbaum, Tsarskoe Selo, Pavlovsk, which contains a domed palace of Emperor Paul and one of the largest English-style parks in Europe. Some other residences situated nearby and making part of the world heritage site, including a castle and park in Gatchina, actually belong to Leningrad Oblast rather than Saint Petersburg. Another notable suburb is Kronstadt with its 19th-century fortifications and naval monuments, occupying the Kotlin Island in the Gulf of Finland.

Vocabulary:

consulates [ˈkɔnsjʊlɪt] - консульство

significance [ sɪgˈnɪfɪkəns] - значение

embankment [ɪmˈbæŋkmənt] - набережная

baroque [bəˈrɔk] - барокко

convent [ˈkɒnvənt] - монастырь

mosque [mɔsk] - мечеть

intricate [ˈɪntrɪkɪt] - замысловатый

domed [dəʊmd] - куполообразный

fortifications [fɔːtɪfɪˈkeɪʃnz] - оборонительные укрепления

Ex. 1. Make up the sentences using the word combination

1. To be located

2. Due to.

3. To be known as

4. Washed by

5. Characterized by

6. Global scale

7. Tourist routes

8. Ethnocultural diversity

Ex. 2. Fill in the gaps using the texts.

The Russia 1)___________ such countries as Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Byelorussia, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China, North Korea 2)____________, Japan and the USA – 3)______.

The transport system in Russia 4)___ _____________ _____ an underdeveloped transport network.

The real age of Moscow 5)_______________. The city 6) _________________6 airports, 9 railway stations, and 3 river ports. Moscow 7)______________ a number of epithets.

Saint Petersburg is the only city in the world with a population over 1,000,000 people which is located so far 8)_____ _______. Saint Petersburg  9)____________by Tsar Peter the Great.

Nevsky Prospekt, also 10)____________ the left bank of the Neva.

Ex. 3. Give the definition of the words:

multiethnic, orthodoxy, world Heritage Site, hub.

Ex. 4. Mark “true” /“false” or “not stated”

1. The longest river in Russia is the Volga, the highest mountain is Everest.

2. More than 70% of the Russian territory is a zone of risky farming.

3. About 55% of the population lives in the European part of Russia.

4. The first stations of Moscow metro were built in 1935.

5. The Kremlin, the Bolshoi Theater, A.S.Pushkin Fine Arts Museum, and Tretyakov Gallery are among the most famous Saint Petersburg sights.

6. The Novodevichy monastery is located in Saint Petersburg

7. White nights in St. Petersburg take place from June 11 till July 2.

8.  Petergof,  Tsarskoe Selo,  Pavlovsk, are suburbs of Moscow.

9. Kronstadt occupying the Zayachy Island in the Gulf of Finland.

10. Due to the intricate web of canals, Saint Petersburg is often called The Third Rome.

Ex. 5. Make up 5 questions to any text.

(wh questions, yes /no questions, alternative questions)

Ex. 6. Match the sights with the definitions:

Check yourself.

Test

1. What is the official name of Russia?

a) The USSR; b) the Russian Federation; c) Russia.

2. Where is the Russia situated?

a) in Eastern Europe and North Asia; b) south-west of the Eurasia; c) On the British Isles.

3. How many federal districts does the Russia consist of?

a) 85; b) 5; c) 8.

4. How many federal cities are there in Russia?

a) 3; b) 2; c) 5.

5. What are they?

a) Moscow, Sevastopol, Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Samara;

b) Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Sevastopol; c) Moscow, Saint Petersburg.

6. How many cities have a population of more than one million people?

a) 15; b) 10; c) 25.

7. What is the capital of Russia?

a) St. Petersburg; b) Moscow; c) London.

8. What river is the Russian capital situated on?

a) оn the Volga; b) on the Don; c) on the Moskva.

9. What is the administrative center of Northwestern Federal District?

a) St. Petersburg;  b) Kaliningrad; c) Vologda

10. What is the Golden Ring of Russia?

a) ancient Russian towns; b) suburbs of St. Petersburg;  c) the Tsar Ring at the Kremlin is the largest ring in the world.

11. What is the highest mountain in Russia?

a) Mount Everest; b) Ben Nevis; c) Mount Elbrus.

12. What is the longest river in Europe?

a) Volga river; b) The Lena; c) The Don.

13. What is the longest river in Russia?

a) Volga river; b) The Lena; c) The Don.

14. What is the deepest lake in Russia?

a) Lake Onega; b) Lake Baikal; c) Lake Ladoga.

15. What is the official residence of the Russian president?

a) The White House; b) The Kremlin; c) Rublevka.

16. What are the names of chambers of the Russian parliament ?

a) the State Duma and the Federation Council;

b) house of lords and house of Commons; c) The Houses of Parliament.

17. What is the name of the most famous clock Tower?

a) Russian Big Ben; b) Spasskaya tower; c) Borovitskaya Tower.

18. Who was the architect of St. Basil's Cathedral?

a) Barma and Postnik; b) Christopher Wren; c) Rastrelly.

19. The Third Rome, The Whitestone One, The First Throne are informal name of…

a) Kazan; b) Moscow; c) St. Petersburg.

20. Church of the Savior on Blood, the Russian Museum, Field of Mars, Summer Garden, Smolny Institute are located on the territory ….

a) of Peter and Paul Fortress; b) between Red Square and the Moskva river;

c) between the Neva and Nevsky Prospekt.

Let’s make a project!

1. Think about the idea of your project.

2. Make up the project list:

• name of your project;

• participants;

• date;

• the aim;

• plan of your work.

1. Evaluation criteria:

17