Ecology and environment

 Ecology is a section of biology that studies the relationship between living organisms, living organisms and the environment.

Organisms, buried beneath layers of sediment and rock, have taken millennia to become the carbon-rich deposits we now call fossil fuels. These non- renewable fuels, which include coal, oil, and natural gas, supply about 80 percent of the world's energy. They provide electricity, heat, and transportation, while also feeding the processes that make a huge range of products, from steel to plastics. When fossil fuels are burned, they release carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, which in turn trap heat in our atmosphere, making them the primary contributors to global warming and climate change.

Deforestation is the removal of a forest so that the land on which it stood may be put to another use. Deforestation occurs for a number of reasons (see below), the most common being the conversion of the once- forested land into farmland, either for growing crops or for keeping livestock.