Глоссарий при подготовке к ОГЭ на тему "Environment"

1. environment — окружающая среда

• a healthy environment

• to protect the environment

• to spoil the environment

2. pollution — загрязнение

• to reduce pollution

• Land pollution, air pollution, water pollution

• Many scientists think about serious changes in the climate because of the pollution of the atmosphere.

3. protection — защита

• protection of the environment

4. environmental  — связанные с окружающей средой (=ecological)

• environmental problems

• environmental protection

• Environmental pollution is becoming worse.

• Pollution is among the main environmental problems.

5. to protect the environment — защищать окружающую среду

• to protect the environment from pollution

6. to pollute / to be polluted by — загрязнять / быть загрязненным чем-то

• to pollute the environment

• To pollute the water, air, atmosphere means to make it dirty and dangerous for people and animals to live in or to use.

• The air in the cities is polluted by car fumes (выхлопными газами).

7. An influence = an effect — влияние (воздействие)

• to have a strong influence (effect) on

• TV has a strong influence on people.

• Climate has a very important influence on plants, animals and humans.

8. to influence smth (greatly) — влиять (сильно)

• What influenced his decision?

• His speech influenced me greatly.

• Humans influence Nature.

9. human influence — влияние человека

• Human influence on nature is negative.

10. to destroy / to be destroyed — разрушить, уничтожить / быть уничтоженным

• to destroy buildings, to destroy hopes

• to destroy wildlife, countryside beauty

• The house was destroyed.

• Fires often destroy forests.

11. a destruction — разрушение

• the destruction of environment

• the destruction of wildlife & countryside beauty

• destruction of ozone layer

• destruction of rainforests

• Pouring oil into the water will cause pollution and the destruction of our seas and rivers.

12. damage — ущерб

13. to damage / to be damaged — нанести ущерб / быть поврежденным

• to damage nature

• to be damaged by fire

• The house was so badly damaged.

14. fragile — хрупкий

• fragile health

• Our fragile planet needs protection

• Name 3 things that are fragile.

15. to cause / to be caused — вызывать / вызван

• to cause illness

• to cause decease

• to cause death

• to cause destruction

• to cause troubles

• to cause pollution

• A burning cigarette caused the fire.

• Smoking causes lung decease.

16. a disaster — катастрофа

• a terrible disaster

• nuclear disaster

• ecological disaster

• Fire is a disaster.

17. to survive — выжить

• Do you know that camels can survive for many days without eating?

18. safe — безопасный

• a safe place to live

19. safety — безопасность

• be sure of safety

20. global — глобальный

• global problems

• global warming

21. crisis [`kraisis] — кризис

• ecological crisis

• global crisis

22. to prevent — предотвратить

• to prevent an ecological disaster

23. to take actions — принимать меры

• to take actions to prevent an ecological disaster

24. to prohibit / to be prohibited — запретить / запрещено

• to be strictly prohibited

• Feeding animals in zoos is strictly prohibited.

II. Pollution

25. to produce — производить

• to produce goods

• Name makes of cars produced in Russia.

26. energy — энергия

• Energy is the power from electricity, wind, etc. that helps machines work.

27. nuclear — ядерный

• nuclear energy

• nuclear power stations

• nuclear tests

• nuclear weapons

• a nuclear waste

• Nuclear waste endangers people’s lives.

• People all over the world protest against nuclear tests.

• Nuclear power stations can go wrong and cause nuclear pollution.

28.  a dump — свалка

• town dump

• This town is a real dump.

• Take all this litter to the town dump.

29. litter — мелкий мусор

• to drop litter

• to clear litter away

30. cans of coke/ beer — банки от колы, пива
31. packaging — упаковка
32. packed goods — упакованные товары
33. rubbish / garbage – крупный мусор

• to throw rubbish

34. throw away — выбрасывать
35. waste — отходы

• waste paper

• nuclear waste

• industrial waste

• chemical waste

• radioactive waste

• A lot of waste from factories and plants goes in to the rivers.

• The scientists try to solve the problem of radioactive waste.

36. to dump / to be dumped — сбрасывать в большом количестве / быть выброшенным

• They dumped a lot of rubbish in the river.

• All the countries protest against dumping acid wastes in the seas and oceans.

37. poison — яд (fertilizes — удобрения)

38. to poison / to be poisoned — отравлять / быть отравленным

• People can be poisoned by industrial waste.

III. Destruction of  the Environment, Nature and the Wildlife

39. greenhouse effect — парниковый эффект

• the problem of greenhouse effect

• Greenhouse effect is the problem of a rise in temperature in the earth’s atmosphere.

40. source [so:s] — источник

• source of information

• What are the main sourses of land pollution?

41. resources [ri`so:siz] — ресурсы

• natural resources

• The country is rich in natural resources. They are……

42. to waste — тратить понапрасну

• not to waste water, electricity

43. a shortage — нехватка

• a shortage of water

• a shortage of natural resources ( gas, oil, clean water)

• a shortage of  food

44. to run out of – заканчиваться

• We will run out of oil.

45. extinct — вымерший

• extinct birds

• What extinct animals do you know?

• Dinosaurs are extinct animals.

46. to endanger / to be endangered — подвергать опасности / быть в опасности

• to endanger animals

• to endanger people’s lives

47. endangered animals — исчезающие животные

• Endanged animals are in danger.

• Nowadays tigers have become endangered animals.

48. to die out — вымирать

• Endangered animals can easily die out.

• Why do some animals die out? People kill animals for the sake of their skins and destroy their habitats, cutting down forests and polluting water.

49. a species [`spi:ʃi:z] (мн.ч. species) — вид (виды)

• plant species

• insect species

• a species of flowers, a species of animals, different species of trees

• The Black Tulip is an unusual species of tulips.

50. a habitat — место обитания

• a habitat of plants

• a habitat of animals

• A habitat is a place where a certain animal usually lives.

51. to include / to be included — включать / быть включенным

• to include in the Red Book

52. disappearing = (rare) — исчезающие (редкие)

• disappearing species

• rare species

IV. Environmental Protection

53. filter /purifier  — фильтры / очистители

• to use filters

54. bins — контейнеры

• to provide special bins to separate waste

55. to fine — штрафовать

• The government should issue a law to fine plants and factories for all kinds of pollution.

56. to recycle / to be recycled — перерабатывать / перерабатываться

• to recycle waste

57. recyclable — пригодный к переработке

• to produce recycable packaging

58. recycling centers — центры переработки

• There are no recycling centers in our city.

59. to reuse – использовать  вторично
60. to save — экономить
61. to reduce — уменьшить

Задания

Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык.

creature, extinct, species, endanger, damage, wildlife, habitat, destroy, cure, development, size, weight, cardboard, include, rainforest, mammal, insect

Упражнение 2. Подберите слово из упражнения 1 к определению ниже.

1. A kind of animal no longer existing

2. To cause danger to a living being

3. A group of plants and animals of the same kind

4. A place where an animal or a plant is found

5. An animal or being of some kind

6. To damage so much that it’s completely ruined

7. To put in smth else

8. To make a disease go away by medical treatment

Упражнение 3. Образуйте новое слово от данного в скобках

1. A hurricane is a ______________________wind or storm. (violence)

2. It was a _____________________disaster. (terror)

3. The _________________made by the fire was awful. (destroy)

4. It is __________________to be near the crater of volcano. (danger)

5. ______________disasters can damage houses and kill people. (nature)

6. Emergency _______________do their best to save people. (work)

7. Sometimes situations are very _________________ to solve.(difficulty)

8. The ocean is polluted with __________ waste. (chemistry)

9. We should solve ________________problems. (environment)

10. Air ______________is very dangerous for people. (pollute)

11. The _______________of scientists are alarming. (predict)

12. The earth has given us _____________ for thousands of years. (support)

13. The hurricane did a lot of _______________ to the house. (damage)

14. What are the most serious __________________problems now? (ecology)

Упражнение 14. Образуйте существительные от данных ниже глаголов

1. to damage —

2. to pollute —

3. to astonish —

4. to breathe —

5. to measure —

6. to conserve —

7. to poison —

8. to exist—

9. to lose —

10. to choose —