Grammar-A1_4-imperatives-must-mustnt.

Grammar A1 imperatives & must / mustn’t

Recommended for:

Gold Experience

Focus

High Note

2019

The imperative and must/mustn’t can have a similar use.

Let’s look at:

• When we use imperatives and must/mustn’t .
• How we make imperatives in the positive and negative.
• How we make sentences with must/mustn’t .
• Some important things about pronunciation.

When do we use them?

Copyright © 2019 by Pearson Education      Gold Experience | Focus | High Note

Function: imperatives and must/mustn’t

Turn to page 31 in your books.

Don’t speak Spanish in class.

You must buy a ticket for the train.

Look at what the men and women say above and match the examples to the rules.

You mustn’t take photos in the museum.

Now match the headings:

imperatives

must/mustn’t

To give instructions or orders.

To give strong instructions or talk about obligations or rules.

1. Turn to page 31 in your books.

2. You must buy a ticket for the train.

4. You mustn’t take photos in the museum.

3. Don’t speak Spanish in class.

Copyright © 2019 by Pearson Education      Gold Experience | Focus | High Note

Function: imperatives and must/mustn’t

1. We use imperatives to give instructions or orders.

This is an instruction from a teacher.

Turn to page 31 in your books.

Don’t speak Spanish in class.

This is an order from a teacher.

2. We use must/mustn’t to give strong instructions or talk about obligations or rules.

This is a rule.

You mustn’t take photos in the museum.

You must buy a ticket for the train.

This is a strong instruction or an obligation.

How do we make sentences?

Copyright © 2019 by Pearson Education      Gold Experience | Focus | High Note

Form: imperatives and must/mustn’t

You mustn’t take photos in the museum.

Turn to page 31 in your books.

Don’t speak Spanish in class.

You must buy a ticket for the train.

Look at the examples again and complete the table with these words.

must/mustn’t

imperatives

positive:

+ +

negative:

+

must/ mustn’t

?

?

no changes to the verb

person

Don’t

infinitive

?

infinitive

Copyright © 2019 by Pearson Education      Gold Experience | Focus | High Note

Form: imperatives and must/mustn’t

You mustn’t take photos in the museum.

Turn to page 31 in your books.

Don’t speak Spanish in class.

You must buy a ticket for the train.

must/mustn’t

imperatives

subject + must/mustn’t + verb infinitive

positive

You must buy (a ticket.)

no changes to the verb

You mustn’t take (photos.)

negative

Turn to page 31.

Don’t + verb infinitive

Don’t speak (Spanish.)

The infinitive of the verb is what you find in a dictionary (but with no to here).

Notice how there is no person (subject) with the imperative. We start the imperative with the verb.

Look! It doesn’t change!

Think about pronunciation...

Copyright © 2019 by Pearson Education      Gold Experience | Focus | High Note

Think about pronunciation…

Listen to your teacher say these phrases and repeat.

You mustn’t be late.

Do we pronounce the - t at the end of the word must?

No.

You must speak English in class.

You must organise your room today!

Now listen to these phrases and repeat.

She mustn’t eat chocolate before dinner.

Do we pronounce the - t now? Why?

Yes, because the next word starts with a vowel.

Copyright © 2019 by Pearson Education      Gold Experience | Focus | High Note

Think about pronunciation…

1. We don’t pronounce the - t in must or mustn’t when the next word starts with a consonant.

You mustn’t be late.

We don’t pronounce this - t.

You must speak English in class.

Consonant

Consonant

2. We link the - t to the next word when it starts with a vowel.

She mustn’t eat chocolate before dinner.

You must organise your room today!

The - t links

Let’s practise!

Copyright © 2019 by Pearson Education      Gold Experience | Focus | High Note

Practice activities

Complete these rules using must or mustn’t and one of the verbs in the box.

copy use study be

• You………………………….. your mobile phone in your car.

• You…………………………. careful when crossing roads.

• You…………………………..hard for exams.

• You…………………………..from friends in exams.

mustn’t use

must be

must study

mustn’t copy

Match the two halves of the instructions/orders.

• Cook…
• Close...
• Go…
• Don’t be…
• Don’t sit…

• late.
• it in the oven for 20 minutes.
• on the table!
• the door, please.
• to bed early.

Copyright © 2019 by Pearson Education      Gold Experience | Focus | High Note