Коллективная презентация обучающихся 7 класса в рамках внеурочного проекта St.Valentine`s day

presentation on the theme: "Valentine's Day"

Fulfilled: a pupil of the seventh grade "B"

Stepanova Darya

St. Valentine's Day

Valentine's Day (also Valentine's Day), or Valentine's Day is a holiday that is celebrated on February 14 in many countries of the world. Presumably named after one of the two early Christian martyrs named Valentin - Valentin Interamsky and Valentin Rimsky.Those who celebrate this holiday give flowers and candy, toys, balloons and special postcards (often in the form of a heart), with poems, amorous confessions or the wishes of love-valentines to loved and dear people.

Valentine's Day is a favorite holiday for teenagers and young people.On February 14, people admit to love. They give and send to the beloved people and close friends greeting cards – valentines.Loving couples spend that day together. They arrange surprises for each other, go on romantic dates, present gifts. Couples who have long proven relationships, on this day decide to get married or arrange a wedding.In nightclubs and restaurants entertainment shows are organized, timed for the holiday. In theaters, romantic films are broadcast. Shops, beauty salons organize actions and sales.In this also it is customary to congratulate all Valentinov and Valentin.

Legends of St. Valentine

In the late Middle Ages in France and England, the life of St. Valentine gradually began to acquire legends associated with the secret wedding of couples in love. According to the Golden Legend, in those remote and dark times the imperious and cruel Roman Emperor Claudius II came to the conclusion that a lonely man, not burdened by his wife and family, would better fight on the battlefield for the glory of Caesar, and forbade men to marry, and women and girls - Marrying your beloved men. And St. Valentine was an ordinary field doctor and a priest who sympathized with the unfortunate lover and secretly from everyone, under the cover of night, consecrated the marriage of loving men and women. Soon the activity of St. Valentine became known to the authorities, and he was put in prison, sentenced to death. In conclusion, Saint Valentine became acquainted with the beautiful daughter of the supervisor - Julia. The enamored priest before his death wrote a beloved declaration of love - a valentine, where he told about his love, and signed it "Your Valentine". It was read already after he was executed, and the execution itself occurred on February 14, 269 .According to another legend, the Roman patrician Valentine, who was a secret Christian, turned his servants into a new faith, once held a wedding ceremony for two of them. By denunciation or by coincidence, all three were detained by guards. Valentine as a person belonging to the upper class, could escape death, but not his servant. Then, wishing to encourage the doomed co-religionists, Valentine wrote letters to them in the form of red hearts, meaning Christian love. The blind girl had to hand over the messages to the newlyweds, but suddenly Valentin himself came to the dungeons, who persuaded the guards to release his servants in return for his life. Before entering the arena of death, Valentin handed over the last letter, consecrated with faith and kindness, to a blind girl, who after that saw her light and became a beauty.

Valentine - a symbol of the holiday

Valentine cards in the form of scarlet hearts are now very well known as a symbolic gift on Valentine's Day [source not specified 1797 days]The creation of the first "valentine" is also credited to the Duke of Orleans in 1415. He was in prison and thus, perhaps struggling with boredom, writing love messages to his wife (English). .And the greatest distribution of postcards-"valentines" reached already in the XVIII century.

Current state

At the end of the XIX - beginning of the XX century, on the pages of the "Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron," Valentinov's day was described, according to which February 14 was rather not a holiday, but the day of a kind of ritual, whose participants throughout the year felt its consequences:In 1969, the commemoration of the feast day of St. Valentine as a general church saint was discontinued, and his name was removed by the Roman Catholic Church during the transformation of the calendar of saints, because of the fact that there is no exact information about this martyr, except his personal name and the legend of the head being cut with a sword. At the present time, the Roman Catholic Church celebrates this day the memory of the Holy Equal-to-the-Apostles Cyril and Methodius, the Enlightenment of the Slavs, and this holiday passed into the category of non-obligatory.In the Orthodox Church, the memory of Valentine, the presbyter of Rome, whose name is usually associated with the celebration of St. Valentine's Day, is celebrated on July 19 (old style - in old-style churches, new style - in news).

In Russia

In Russia, the holiday is of a secular nature and has been celebrated since the beginning of the 90s of the XX century. The attitude of the Catholic and Orthodox Churches to this holiday is ambiguous . And yet, lovers on this day make each other nice gifts made by themselves. According to the All-Russian Public Opinion Research Center, this holiday among the youth is most popular. More than 81% of boys and girls between the ages of 18 and 24 celebrate this holiday. In the course of the study, conducted by the Levada Center, it turned out that at the moment 53% of Russians consider themselves in love. Meanwhile, there are those who are ready to fight the "alien" tradition of celebrating this day .The number of gifts includes: souvenir hearts, flowers, cards, etc. The bulk of buyers, according to statistics, is the youth.

In other countries

PD Sakharov writes: "In the Anglo-Saxon countries, there are numerous customs of a loving nature associated with this day (to send love letters, to give or enclose an image of the heart, to guess about a narrowing, etc.). Apparently, these customs date back to the pre-pagan holidays and rituals (remote rituals of ancient Roman lupercals, celebrating in the middle of February).

United Kingdom

In the UK for Valentine's Day among young unmarried girls the tradition of guessing at a suitor is common. They believe that spells and magic rituals are especially powerful on this holiday. Lovers give each other homemade cards and homemade cakes in the form of a heart. The British congratulate on this day, not only their second half, but also pets: cats, dogs, birds.

France

Among the French there is a tradition on Valentine's Day to dedicate to their beloved quatrains with a confession they write on valentines. Popular gifts for February 14: scarlet roses, candy in the form of hearts, souvenirs in the form of kissing birds and winged Cupids. In France on this day, men often make their beloved girls offer hands and hearts.

Italy.

In Italy, Valentine's Day is called a "sweet" day. This is due to the existing among the lovers of tradition to give each other sweets and sweets with wishes inside. Other popular gifts: flowers, jewelry, souvenirs. On this holiday couples go on romantic dates in cafes and restaurants, arrange picnics in the fresh air. On February 14, Turin becomes a city of brides. This is due to the fact that many couples want to marry that day.

North America

In the USA, for the first time, Valentine's Day was celebrated in 1777 .In 1847, Esther Howland opened a successful case for hand-making valentines on British models at her home in Worcester, Massachusetts. Since the XIX century, homemade valentines almost completely gave way to greeting cards of mass production. The popularity of such postcards in America of the 19th century was a harbinger of the subsequent commercialization of holidays in the United States.In the XX century, it became fashionable to buy expensive marzipans as a gift. It was considered a bad form not to give the marzipan to the bride for the wedding. According to the Association of Greeting Cards in the USA, valentines are the most popular holiday postcards after Christmas.

Japan

In Japan, Valentine's Day is celebrated from the 30s of the XX century. Initially, the Japanese were made to give each other sweet gifts to this holiday. Subsequently, strong commercialization significantly changed the custom. Today the most popular gift is chocolate, and the presents should be presented by the girl both to her chosen one and to her friends. In the second case, the gift is called giri-teko (English) Russian. (polite chocolate). A gift from a man on this day is considered not masculine. The return gift, usually in the form of white chocolate, the chosen man does a month later in the so-called "white day."

Books and traditions

Gradually the feast of St. Valentine acquired his rites and traditions, some of them have survived to our time. And in every country they are different. There is a belief that the first man who met a girl on February 14 should be her Valentine, regardless of his desire.Some people believed that if a girl saw a robin on Valentine's Day, she would marry a sailor, if she saw a sparrow, she would marry a poor man and be happy with him if she slithered for a millionaire. In Wales, wooden "spoons of love" and gave them to their beloved on February 14th. Spoons were decorated with hearts, keys and keyholes, which meant "you found a way to my heart." Conservative Germans persistently consider Valentine to be the patron of the mentally ill and decorate psychiatric hospitals with red ribbons on that day, and in the chapels they hold a special divine service.

Signs and beliefs

February 14th is warm and there is no wind - spring will be warm and early.

Marriage in the day of all lovers - to a happy and long family life.

If the first call to this holiday comes from a loved one, then the whole year he will be near.

To break a mirror on this day - for happiness: to sincere love or a long family life.

Stumble on February 14 - to parting or unrequited love.

Valentine's Day is an excellent occasion to express love and respect to your second half. On this holiday it is customary to give each other pleasant little things, to make surprises and to present symbolic cards - valentines. Many romantic couples decide on this day to tie their lives by marriage.

Conclusion

"Love of all ages is submissive," Pushkin once said. And it is true. Goethe at the age of 74 makes an offer to 190 Ulrike. The famous Enrico Caruso was choked with sobs when he sang about love, the same sobbing and tears choked the audience in the hall. Love is the wings. No wonder they say: "All lovers are talented." We know examples of the true beauty of love - the love of a single, lifelong love, not always divided, but exalting and ennobling: Dante and Beatrice, Romeo and Juliet, Tristan and Isolde, Arbenin and Nina