Методические указания по английскому языку для студентов заочной формы обучения

Частное профессиональное образовательное учреждение

«Пятигорский техникум экономики и инновационных технологий»

Утверждаю

ДИРЕКТОР Чпоу «ПТЭИТ»

______________И.С. Шульгина

«___»______________ 2017г.

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ УКАЗАНИЯ

по изучению дисциплины

Иностранный язык (английский)

для специальности 40.02.01 Право и организация социального обеспечения

(заочная форма обучения)

г. Пятигорск,

2017г.

Рабочая программа учебной дисциплины разработана на основе Федерального государственного образовательного стандарта (ФГОС) по специальности среднего профессионального образования (СПО) 40.02.01 Право и организация социального обеспечения.

Организация-разработчик:ЧПОУ «ПТЭИТ»

Разработчик: Шубаева З.А.-Г., преподаватель

РАССМОТРЕНА: предметной цикловой комиссией социально-гуманитарных дисциплин Протокол №1 от 1 сентября 2017 г. Председатель ПЦК ______________ К.Ю.Туниянц

СОГЛАСОВАНА: на заседании УМС Пр.№_1_ от «___» сентября 2017 г. __________________Т.А.Калугина «____» сентября 2017 г.

Рецензенты

Даллакян М.А. – преподаватель ЧПОУ «ПТЭИТ»

Николаева А.В. - преподаватель первой квалификационной категории политехнического колледжа «СКФУ»

ЦЕЛИ И СОДЕРЖАНИЕ ОБУЧЕНИЯ.

Дисциплина «Иностранный язык» входит в цикл общих гуманитарных дисциплин федерального государственного образовательного стандарта среднего профессионального образования и составляет часть профессиональной и общекультурной подготовки студентов.

Основной целью обучения студентов иностранному языку является овладение навыками практического пользования языком, что при заочном обучении предполагает формирование умения самостоятельно читать литературу по специальности с целью извлечения информации из иноязычных источников.

В процессе обучения решаются воспитательные и общеобразовательные задачи, способствующие повышению образовательного, культурного и профессионального уровня студентов.

В течение всего курса обучения рекомендуется использовать технические средства обучения и компьютерные обучающие программы, а так же различные тексты, упражнения, видеофильмы, учебные, документальные и художественные фильмы.

По завершении курса обучения студент должен иметь следующие умения:

Чтение:

• умение читать со словарем тексты страноведческого, общенаучного характера и тематически связанные с профессией.

• умение читать без словаря тексты, лексику по пройденной тематике и ситуациям общения.

Письмо:

• умение правильно писать слова и словосочетания, входящие в лексический минимум.

• умение с помощью словаря изложить в письменной форме содержание текста.

Устная речь:

• умение участвовать в несложной беседе на темы повседневной жизни, учебы, работы и знание речевого этикета.

• умение выражать свои мысли в устной форме по темам, относящимся к учебной и профессиональной деятельности студента.

• понимать на слух речь, в том числе фонозаписи, содержащие усвоенный языковой материал.

• иметь представление о культурных традициях и правилах речевого этикета в странах изучаемого языка.

ТРЕБОВАНИЯ К СДАЧЕ ЗАЧЕТА

 К зачету допускаются студенты, выполнившие контрольные работы (по графику)

Для получения зачета студент должен уметь:

а) прочитать со словарем незнакомый текст на английском языке, содержащий изученный лексический и грамматический материал. (Форма проверки — письменный или устный перевод.)

б) устно изложить на английском языке одну из тем, предусмотренных программой курса обучения.

Время подготовки – 8-10 минут.

ЯЗЫКОВОЙ МАТЕРИАЛ

Фонетический минимум. Звуковой строй английского языка; особенности английского произношения; чтение гласных в различных типах слогов; ударение; особенности интонации английского предложения.

Лексический минимум. За полный курс обучения студент должен приобрести словарный запас в объеме 1000 лексических единиц, а так же усвоить наиболее употребительные словообразовательные средства английского языка: префиксы, суффиксы имен существительных, прилагательных, наречий, глаголов, приемы словосложения, явление конверсии. Потенциальный словарный запас может быть расширен за счет интернациональной лексики.

Грамматический минимум. Студенты должны усвоить основные грамматические формы и структуры английского языка:

Морфология.

Имя существительное. Артикль как признак существительного; предлоги – выразители его падежных форм. Образование множественного числа. Притяжательный падеж. Существительное в функции определения и его перевод на русский язык.

Имя прилагательное. Степени сравнения. Перевод конструкций типа the more …the less.

Числительные. Количественные, порядковые; чтение дат.        

Местоимения. Личные местоимения в формах именительного и объектного падежей; притяжательные местоимения; возвратные и усилительные местоимения; местоимения вопросительные, указательные, относительные. Неопределенное местоимение one и его функции. Неопределенные местоимения some, any и их производные.

Глагол. Образование видо-временных форм глагола Simple, Progressive, Perfect и Perfect Progressive. Активный  и пассивный залог. Особенности перевода пассивных конструкций на русский язык. Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.

Образование повелительного наклонения и его отрицательной формы.

Неличные формы глагола: инфинитив и его формы; инфинитивные конструкции. Причастие I и причастие II. Герундий и герундиальные обороты.

Синтаксис.

Простое распространенное предложение. Члены предложения. Порядок слов в предложении; образование утвердительной и отрицательной формы. Оборот there is (are), его перевод.

Безличные предложения. Сложносочиненное и сложноподчиненное предложения. Союзное и бессоюзное подчинение.

САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА СТУДЕНТОВ

Особенностью овладения иностранным языком при заочном обучении является то, что объем самостоятельной работы студента по выработке речевых навыков и умений значительно превышает объем аудиторных занятий с преподавателем.

Для того чтобы добиться успеха, необходимо приступить к работе над языком с первых дней обучения в колледже и заниматься систематически.

Самостоятельная работа по изучению иностранного языка охватывает: заучивание слов; уяснения действий грамматических правил; чтение текстов на английском языке вслух в соответствии с правилами чтения; понимание текстов, прослушивание текстов; перевод на русский язык (устный и письменный).

Выполняя перевод, следует выписать все незнакомые слова, предварительно установив, какой частью речи они являются в данном контексте, и определить их значение.

Определение значения незнакомых слов

С помощью словаря

Для формирования этого умения предлагается несколько основных рекомендаций:

1. Запомните английский алфавит.

2. Запомните в искомом слове три первые буквы (это облегчит его поиск в словаре).

3. Прежде чем искать слово в словаре, восстановите его исходную форму (инфинитив глагола, единственное число существительного и т. д.).

4.  Из всех значений слов выберите в словаре то, которое подходит по контексту.

Без помощи словаря

К категории слов, значение которых можно определить без помощи словаря, относятся интернациональные слова, производные слова, слова, образованные по конверсии.

Интернациональные слова. В английском языке большое место занимают слова, заимствованные из других языков, в основном латинского и греческого. Эти слова получили широкое распространение и стали интернациональными. По корню таких слов легко догадаться об их переводе на русский язык, например: mechanization – механизация, atom – атом и т.д., поэтому очень важно уметь выявлять их в тексте и делать опорами для извлечения смысла.

Однако, нужно помнить, что многие интернационализмы расходятся в своем значении в русском и английском языках, поэтому их часто называют «ложными друзьями» переводчика. Например: accurate – точный, а не аккуратный, resin – смола, а не резина, control – не только контролировать, но и управлять и т.д.

Производные слова. Эффективным средством расширения запаса слов служит знание способов словообразования. Расчленив производное слово на корень, суффикс и префикс, легче определить значение известного слова. Кроме того, зная значения наиболее употребительных префиксов и суффиксов, вы сможете без труда узнать, какой частью речи является данное слово и понять значение гнезда слов, образованных из одного корневого слова, которое вам известно. Часто встречаются префиксы, имеющие международный характер, например:

anti — анти: антитело; со – со: сосуществовать; de – де: дестабилизировать.

Определение грамматической формы слов и их синтаксические связи в предложении

Данное умение формируется в опоре на информацию, изложенную в учебниках английского языка для заочных факультетов. Необходимо отметить, что не следует начинать работу с текстом с его дословного перевода. Сначала нужно попытаться по заголовку, по известным вам словам текста и в опоре на имеющиеся у вас знания определить, о чем идет речь в тексте. Это поможет вам в процессе работы над ним прогнозировать содержание и тот лексико-грамматический материал, которым это содержание выражено, поможет определить по контексту значение части незнакомых слов, отыскать в словаре то значение многозначного слова, которое требуется.

Для того, чтобы достичь указанного в целевой установке уровня владения языком, следует систематически тренировать память, заучивая иноязычные слова и тексты. Надо помнить, что способности развиваются в процессе работы, что осмысленный материал запоминается легче, чем неосмысленный, что навык вырабатывается путем многократно выполняемого действия.

РЕКОМЕНДУЕМАЯ ЛИТЕРАТУРА.

• Агабекян И.П. Английский для средних профессиональных заведений. –Ростов-на-Дону , 2014.

• Бонк Н.А., Котий Г.А., Лукьянова Н.А. Учебник английского языка.- М., 2013.

• Бонк Н.А. Английский язык для международного сотрудничества.- М.,2015.

• Бонк Н.А., Левина И.И., Бонк И.А. Английский язык: курс для начинающих.- М., 2014.

• Качалова К.Н., Израилевич Е.Е. практическая грамматика английского языка. – М. 2016.

• Шах-Назарова В.С. практический курс английского языка. –М., 2014.

ВЫПОЛНЕНИЕ КОНТРОЛЬНЫХ ЗАДАНИЙ И ОФОРМЛЕНИЕ

 КОНТРОЛЬНЫХ РАБОТ.

1. За время обучения студенты выполняют три контрольных работы в соответствии с графиком, установленным методическим отделом заочного отделения колледжа. Контрольные работы носят обучающий характер, являются одной из форм обучения студентов грамматике английского языка, способом расширения их словарного запаса. Их задача –контролировать самостоятельную работу студента.

2. Контрольные задания составлены в пяти вариантах.

Номер варианта следует выбирать в соответствии с первой буквой фамилии студента:

• первый вариант выполняют студенты, фамилии которых начинаются с букв: А, Б, В, Г, Д;

•  второй – с букв Е, Ж, З, И, К, Л;

• третий  - с букв М, Н, О, П, Р;

• четвертый – с букв С, Т, У, Ф, Х;

• пятый – с букв Ц, Ч, Ш, Щ, Э, Ю, Я.

1. Выполнять письменные контрольные работы следует в отдельной тетради. Контрольная работа должна быть выполнена аккуратно, без помарок, четким и разборчивым почерком.

2. Материал контрольной работы следует располагать в тетради следующему образцу:

Левая страница	Правая страница
Поля	Английский текст	Русский текст	Поля

Выполненные контрольные работы направляйте в методический кабинет заочного отделения колледжа. Если контрольная работа выполнена без соблюдения указаний или не полностью, она возвращается без проверки.

Если контрольная работа не зачтена, то студенту следует выполнить работу над ошибками в этой же тетради, учитывая замечания преподавателя.

Студенты, не получившие зачет по контрольной работе, не допускаются к зачету за соответствующий учебный семестр.

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 1.

Для того, что бы выполнить контрольную работу №1, необходимо проработать следующий грамматический материал:

1. Артикль.

2. Имя существительное: множественное число; притяжательный падеж;
   Существительное в функции определения и его перевод на русский язык.

3. Имя прилагательное: степени сравнения.

4. Наречия: образование,  степени сравнений.

5. Числительные.

6. Местоимения: личные, притяжательные, вопросительные, указательные, неопределенные, отрицательные.

7. Глагол: Формы настоящего (Present), прошедшего (Past) и будущего (Future) времени группы Simple действительного залога. Спряжение глаголов to be, to have в настоящем, прошедшем и будущем; повелительное наклонение и его отрицательная форма; модальные глаголы.

8. Оборот there is(are).

Для успешной сдачи зачета за первый год обучения студенты должны подготовить следующий материал:

1. Выполнить контрольную работу №1.

2. Подготовиться к собеседованию по следующим темам:

• О себе (Personal information).

• Моя семья (My family).

• Мой рабочий день (My daily routine).

• Мое свободное время (My free time).

3.        Прочитать не менее 10 страниц любой книги, адаптированной для учащихся старших классов или одну страницу любой газеты на английском языке.

Образец выполнения заданий:

Задание I.  Видовременные формы глагола группы Simple.

At 9 o'clock the secretary brings him the mail. – В девять часов секретарь приносит ему почту.

brings - Present Indefinite Active от нестандартного глагола to bring – приносить.

Задание II. Образование вопросительных и отрицательных форм.

He missed the train yesterday. – Я опоздал на поезд вчера.

He didn’t miss the train yesterday. – Я не опоздал на поезд вчера

Did he miss the train yesterday? - Я опоздал на поезд вчера?

Задание III. Перевод неопределенных местоимений. 

She lost her book somewhere. – Она где-то потеряла свою книгу.

 

Задание IV. Специальные вопросы.

My son will enter the college next  уear. –  Мой сын поступит в колледж в следующем году.

When will my son enter the college? – Когда мой сын поступит в колледж?

Вариант I

I. Определите в предложениях видовременные формы глагола и укажите их инфинитив. Предложения переведите.

1. The contract will be ready the day after tomorrow.

2. The Russian firm wanted to buy a few computers.

3. Next week we'll meet the foreign delegation and first of all we'll go sightseeing of Vladivostok.

4. We haven't many English letters today but we have a lot of telexes.

5. The day before yesterday he had a talk with Mr. Camp and got the necessary materials from him.

II. Образуйте вопросительную и отрицательную формы предложений. Переведите предложения.

1. We discussed less important questions today than yesterday.

2. Our journey to Japan was the most wonderful.

3. I order more often for dessert fruit salad.

4. The train left a little later than usual.

III. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных местоимений и наречий.

1. Nobody has anything against your suggestions.

2. If anybody rings me while I am out, tell them I'll be back by 3 o'clock this afternoon.

3. Each of them wants to take part in the discussion.

4. There was a great disorder everywhere, nothing was in order.

5. I'll discuss with everybody else as soon as I can.

IV. Задайте вопросы к выделенным словам.

1. Someone wants to see you.

2. We put off our appointment yesterday.

3. These businessmen always fulfill their obligations.

4. My friend contacted me 2 hours ago.

V. Переведите на английский язык.

1. Не открывайте окно. Холодно.

2. Чья это ручка? - Моя.

3. В нашем городе много музеев.

4. Где работает твой отец? - В банке.

VI. Прочитайте, письменно переведите и озаглавьте текст.

Britain has the oldest Parliament in the world. This institution has changed over the centuries and has reflected the class structure and economic basis of feudal and capitalists societies.

Parliament is held in the Palace of Westminster. This tradition dates back to Saxon times. When the king called to this place a group of powerful barons who discussed with him matters of state. The king often argued with them for his power and money. In 1215 King Henry 111 refused to accept Magna Carta. A group of powerful barons supported him. But Symon de Monfort defeated them and in 1265 called the first Parliament. From that time the king summoned Parliament and representatives of counties and cities together with the King's advisers from the clergy, and his supporters among the feudal barons met together. As the class differences between the representatives and aristocracy became more marked, the division into the «Lords» and the «Commons» took place.

In the middle of the last century the House of Commons was a centre of real political power. Since those days the growth of the power of the Cabinet, based on the development of the modern party system has brought about a fundamental change. The House of Commons is still the centre of the political stage; but it isn't the centre of the real political power. The House of Commons doesn't control the Cabinet, the civil service or the armed forces. It is in fact a forum for criticism of the Government and for getting the information.

VII. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту.

1. When was the first English Parliament called?

2. Where is Parliament held?

3. What are the names of two Houses of Parliament?

VIII. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты русским выражениям:

король; могущественный; поддерживать; развитие; советник; созывать; представители; в середине прошлого столетия; правительство.

ВАРИАНТ II

I. Определите в предложениях видовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив. Предложения переведите.

1.        My father always reads newspaper in the evenings.

2.        Our friends will go to Australia.

3. He has got a son and a daughter.

  4. Who is the president of your company?

   5. I came home by train.

II. Образуйте отрицательную и вопросительную формы предложений. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление степеней сравнения прилагательных и наречий.

1. She is four years younger than I am.        

2. That was the shortest way.

1. My friend knows English much better than me.

2. Our company will buy cheaper office furniture next year.

        III. Переведите предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод        неопределенных местоимений и наречий.

1. I'm sure everybody will support your idea.

2. She lost her telephone book somewhere.

3. Let's see something else.                  

4. Is everything ready for talks?        

5. Each of them wanted to take part in the discussion.

IV. Задайте вопросы к выделенным членам предложения.

 1. I missed the train yesterday.

1. There are many places of interest in this city.

2. She has a large family.

3. My son will enter the college next уear.

V. Переведите на английский язык.

1. Слишком поздно. Мы подписали этот контракт вчера.

2. Сколько лет твоему брату? - Ему 15 лет.

3. В городе много коммерческих банков.

4. Это моя сестра.

   VI.  Прочитайте и  письменно  переведите текст:

Why I support disarmament

Mankind, in this critical epoch, lives face to face with the possibility of unleashing a global war. War has undergone a radical change. Today a global war would mean that a great part of the human race might be exterminated.

The First World War which commenced with horse-drawn artillery and machine guns, finished with the tank and the bomber. The Second World War finished with the atom bomb. Already the destructive force of the bomb which destroyed Hiroshima and Nagasaki has been increased thousands of times. One 100 megaton bomb has the explosive force of all the bombs, shells and other means of destruction released in the Second World War. If bombs of this force were exploded daily it would take 146 years to use up the existing stores of nuclear weapons. This is the point a third war would commence.

As a human being I refuse to accept such a future for mankind. This is the basic reason why I support Congress for International Cooperation and Disarmament and, I believe, why it has the support of all peace-loving people throughout the world. To this support I wish to devote my energies side by side with my fellow men, whatever their political beliefs, to the common cause of making a nuclear war impossible.

  VII.          Ответьте на вопросы по тексту.

1. What would a global war mean today?

2. What explosive force has one 100 megaton bomb?

3. What does the author wish to devote his energy to?

  VIII.          Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты русским выражениям.

Разрушительная сила; человечество; нейтронное оружие; человек; разоружение; миролюбивые люди; политические убеждения; основная причина.

Вариант III

I. Определите в предложениях видовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив.

1. We sell many goods to different companies.

2. My brother bought a new model of computer last week.

3. They will discuss this problem tomorrow.

4. It took me two hours to get there.

5. There were lots of interesting books in the library

II. Поставьте предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную формы. Переведите предложения.

1. Swimming is the most popular summer sport.

2. His collection of coins was worse than mine.

3. My friend wanted to buy more expensive car.

4. They will move in the most comfortable house next year.

III.        Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Perhaps we'll go somewhere else.

2. Everybody will get instructions how to operate the equipment.

3. Did anyone ring me this morning?

4. Nothing happened yesterday.

IV.        Задайте вопросы к выделенным словам.

1. The discussion wasn't of much interest to those who took in it.

2. She cried because her dog ran away.

3. They will spend their holidays in Japan.

4. There were not so many foreign firms in the city two years ago.

V.        Переведите предложения на английский язык.

1. Он приехал в наш город два года назад.

2. Где бухгалтер? - Он в банке.

3. Холодно. Наденьте пальто.

4. У вас большая семья? - Нет.

1. Переведите письменно текст:

Handicapped people do useful work.

Joseph Emmons can't use his eyes. He's blind. He has a trained dog named Buster that leads him where he wants to go. Buster sees for Mr. Emmons. He's called a seeing-eye dog.

Although Mr. Emmons has a handicap, it isn't a big problem. He has a useful job and he earns his own money. Mr. Emmons sells brooms and mops to people in this part of the city. He has worked every day except Sunday for forty years.

Mr. Emmons gets up at 6:00 every morning and eats breakfast with his wife. Then he leaves the house at 7:00. He holds Buster and walks from house to house. He carries his mops and brooms with him. While he talks to people, the dog sits and waits. The people choose a broom, and then they pay him.

Buster doesn't let Mr. Emmons talk to people very long. He likes to keep moving. It takes four and one-half months to walk to every house in this part of the city. Mr. Emmons visits each house every four months, and by then the people are usually ready to buy new brooms.

Mr. Emmons likes his Job. He's very healthy because he works outside every day. But these days he has a problem. His brooms last so long that sometimes they are still good after four months. Then nobody needs to buy a new one.

Mr. Emmons is proud of his brooms because blind people make them. He picks up a new supply of brooms every week. He says, "If you don't sell people something good, they're not going to buy from you the second time you come around."

   VII. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту.

1. Why can't Joseph Emmons use his eyes?

2. Why is Buster called a "seeing-eye dog"?

3. Why does Mr. Emmons like his work?

4. What does Mr. Emmons do for his living?

5. Why isn't Mr. Emmons's handicap a big problem?

VIII. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующим выражениям:

увечье, инвалид, слепой, зарабатывать (деньги), собака-поводырь, за исключением воскресенья, новая партия щеток.

Вариант IV

I. Определите в предложениях видовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив. Переведите предложения.

1. Our manager meets customers in the morning.

2. The president of the American Company will fly in two days, perhaps.

3. There was nothing interesting to read in that newspaper.

4. They tried to translate this text without dictionary.

5. It'll be so nice to see you next time.

II. Поставьте предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную формы. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод степеней сравнения прилагательных и наречий.

1. His idea was much better than mine.

2. The temperature is as high as it was yesterday.

3. They will leave home two hours earlier tomorrow than today.

4. There are more books in my brother's library than in mine.

III. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных местоимений и наречий.

1. Why didn't you ask somebody to call the factory manager and cancel the
   appointment.

2. Nobody agreed to help them.

3. There are some people in the streets in the morning.

4. I want to stay in this town for a few days.

5. Please, don't make so much noise.

IV. Задайте вопросы к выделенным словам.

1. My friend is really good at English.

2. Many famous people visited our city last уear.

3. Our manager will order some new computers next week.

4. My brother is fond of pop music.

V. Переведите на английский язык.

1. Не беспокойтесь. Никто не узнает об этом.

2. В нашем доме 12 квартир.

3. Мой дядя побывал в Японии три месяца назад.

4. Управляющий закончит совещание через 10 минут.

VI. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст:

When Americans are introduced for the first time, they usually shake hands, when they meet friends or relatives they haven't seen for a while, they sometimes kiss them on the cheek. It is common for two women or a man and a woman to kiss in that way, but men almost never kiss each other on the cheek.

America is a friendly country. In small towns people say "hello" to friends and strangers on the street, even in cities strangers may start up a conversation. Waiters in restaurants will often introduce themselves by name, and talk with the customers as they serve them. When the customers leave, they will tell them to "take care" or "have a nice day". Sometimes foreigners feel that Americans are too friendly. People you have only just met ask you personal questions or tell you all about themselves.

Many people take a bottle of wine or some flowers when they are invited to dinner at someone's home, at a "pot luck dinner, all the guests bring something to eat. You should ask your hosts what kind of food they would like you to bring. Usually it is a salad, vegetable, or a dessert. When you are invited to dinner, it is usually to arrive ten or fifteen minutes late, this gives the hosts time to finish their preparations.

Americans like to get together and to have parties. Traditional party occasions are a birthday, moving to a new house, a wedding, New Year's Eve, and the Fourth of July. "Bridal showers" are for women who are getting married, and "baby showers" are for women who have just had a baby. All the guests bring a useful present for the new home or the new baby.

In the U.S. there aren't too many rules for different social occasions. Americans like to relax and enjoy themselves, and most social occasions are informal. So maybe the best advice is to relax, smile, and enjoy yourself too!

VII. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:

1. What do Americans do when they meet their friends?

2. Why is America a friendly country?

3. What are traditional party occasions in the U.S.?

4. What is a "pot luck" dinner?

5. Why do foreigners feel Americans are too friendly?

VIII. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты русским словам и выражениям:

пожимать руки; целовать в щеку; представляться по имени; обед «в складчину»; свадьба; приехать на десять минут позже; повод для вечеринки.

Вариант V

I. Определите в предложениях видовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив. Предложения переведите.

1. It will take me much time to go shopping next week.

2. My son did well at college.

3. On Saturdays I usually go to the market.

4. Was there any fax from Seattle last week? - Yes, we got four.

5. The American firm wanted to change prices on computers.

II. Поставьте предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную формы. Предложения переведите, обращая внимание на перевод степеней сравнения прилагательных и наречий.

1. The train arrived a little earlier than usual.

2. Afternoon is the most convenient time for our meeting.
   3. I know French not so good as my sister.

1. He feels better today than yesterday.

2. My father will come later today.

III. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных местоимений и наречий.

1. I want to have some books by Agatha Christie. Please send me some.

2. None of us read this article.

3. Nothing will happen if you go there next time.

4. Did anybody saw him yesterday?

5. Let's go somewhere next weekend if the weather is fine.

IV. Задайте вопросы к выделенным словам.

1. They put off their meeting last week.

2. My sister likes to go out in the evening.

3. I met this man in our office yesterday.

4. I keep my documents in the safe.

V. Переведите на английский язык.

1.        В нашей библиотеке много книг по банковскому делу (banking).

2.        Кто это? - Это секретарь нашего директора.

1. Мой брат окончил университет в прошлом году.

2. Я думаю, что он позвонит завтра.

VI. Переведите текст и ответьте на вопросы по тексту.

Transportation used to be much slower than it is now.

For many years in desert, camels used to be the only form of transportation. Before the age of modern trains, camel trains used to carry all the goods for trading between Central Africa and Europe. Traders sometimes used to put together camel trains with 10,000 to 15,000 animals. Each animal often carried as much as 400 pounds and it could travel twenty miles a day. This form of transportation used to be so important that camels were called the "ships of the desert".

Now modern trains travel across the desert in a very short time. One engine can pull as much weight as 135,000 camels. In addition, trains use special cars for their load. Refrigerator cars carry food; boxcars carry heavy goods; and tank cars carry oil.

Air travels has changed too. The earliest planes were biplanes, with two sets of wings. The top speed of this plane was 60 miles per hour. The pilots used to sit or lie on the wings in the open air. The plane engines sometimes used to stop in the middle of a trip. It was impossible to fly in bad weather. In snow or rain, the wings frequently became icy. Then the plane might go down.

Mechanical improvements during the First World War changed airplanes. Monoplanes took the place of biplanes. Pilots flew inside of covered cabins. Still, even these planes were small. Only rich people were able to travel in airplanes.

Now modern jets make air travels possible for all people. Further improvements have lowered the cost of flying, and they have made air travel much safer than it used to be. A modern 707 can carry 170 people and can fly at 600 miles per hour. People never used to eat, sleep, or watch movies on airplanes. Now these things are a normal part of air travel.

VII. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:

1. What used to be the only form of transportation in the desert?

2. What did people use to call the camels?

3. Why air travels were so dangerous?

4. Did pilots use to travel in bad weather?

5. Are air travels safe and comfortable now?

VIII. Продолжите предложения:

1. Camels were called        

2. Camels used to be        

3. Modern trains        

4. Modern jets        

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 2

Для того, что бы выполнить контрольную работу №2, необходимо проработать следующий грамматический материал:

1. Глагол. Все времена активного залога.

2. Местоимения: неопределенные, отрицательные, возвратные.

3. Словообразование (аффиксация, словосложение, конверсия)

4. Правила согласования времён.

5. Прямая и косвенная речь.

Для успешной сдачи зачета студенты должны подготовить следующий материал:

1. Выполнить контрольную работу №2.

2. Подготовиться к собеседованию по следующим темам:

• Российская Федерация (The Russian Federation).

• Соединённые штаты Америки (The USA).

Великобритания  (Great Britain).

• My native place.

• English-speaking countries

3.        Прочитать не менее 10 страниц любого текста юридической тематики или одну страницу любой газеты на английском языке.

Образец выполнения заданий:

Задание I.

illness – болезнь; имя существительное от ill (больной) – имя прилагательное

суффикс -ness

Задание II.

When I (to leave) home, it (to rain). – When I left home it was raining. – Когда я вышел из дома, шел дождь.

Задание III.

Я ещё не читал эту книгу. – I haven’t read this book.

Задание IV.

Mike said he liked Dickens’ novels very much. (Майк сказал, что ему очень нравятся романы Диккенса.) – Mike said: “I like Dickens’ novels very much.”

Задание V.

 The children are playing in the yard. (She thought) – She thought that the children were playing in the yard. (Она думала, что дети играют во дворе.)

Вариант I

I. Определите, к какой части речи относятся эти слова и от каких слов они образованы. Дайте перевод.

Lawless, carefully, criminal, scientific, homeless, reliable, enforcement, examination.

II. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующемся времени. Предложения переведите.

The day (to be cold) and it (to rain). When I (to reach) home, my raincoat (to be) all wet. I (to take) it off, (to shake) the water of it, (to hang) it up and (to go) to the living room. My children (to play) on the carpet. When they (to see) me they (to jump) up and (to run) up to me.

III. Переведите на английский язык:

1. Ты знал, что он не написал сочинение?

2. Они живут в этом доме уже 5 лет.

3. К счастью, дождь уже перестал, когда мы вышли.

4. Я уже две недели жил у друзей, когда получил письмо.

5. Когда я проснулся, мама уже встала и готовила завтрак.

6. Я ещё не читал эту книгу.

IV. Восстановите прямую речь в следующих предложениях и переведите их:

1. He told me he had read “Dombey and Son” the year before.

2. She asked me to buy some bread on my way home.

3. Mike asked me if I had read “Robinson Crusoe” by Daniel Defoe.

4. The teacher said that the pupils would read the text the next day.

5. The teacher asked who was ill.

6. Mother told me not to be late for dinner.

V. Употребите следующие предложения как придаточные дополнительные, в роли главных используя предложения, данные в скобках. Соблюдайте правила согласования времён.  Предложения переведите.

1. Her friend will come to see her. (She hoped).

2. Father has repaired his bicycle. (He thought).

3. He is painting a new picture. (We heard).

4. He doesn’t know English at all. (I found out).

5. My friend has never been to London. (I knew).

6. Our team will win the game. (We were sure).

VI. Переведите письменно текст:

Travelling by Plane

Travelling by plane is much faster than travelling by train. It gives you additional comfort and saves your time.

Whenever you want to go somewhere by plane you should book a ticket (seat) on a flight (book a flight) to your destination for a certain date.

You may book a single, return or open return ticket. When booking a ticket you should mention what class you are going to travel: first, business or economy class. You may ask the booking clerk (travel agent) what time the coach leaves the air terminal for the airport and what is the latest time of checking-in at the airport.

Before boarding the plane you should check-in (register) your luggage at a check-in desk. Here you are required to have your luggage weighed and then a uniformed clerk (attendant) attaches a special label to it and gives you a boarding pass. There is no need to worry about your luggage any longer. It will be put into the luggage compartment of the plane. If your luggage weighs more than allowed (it has over-weight), you are supposed to pay for the additional weight. Then you must go through the security check where your carry-on luggage-is checked.

Then you may wait in the departure lounge.The announcer will announce when and at what gate your flight is boarding or he/she may announce a delay on your flight. It often happens that a delay on a flight is due to adverse weather conditions. In this case you can obtain a voucher for refresh¬ments. These vouchers are accepted at the cafeteria and you can have your meal free of charge till you hear the announcement that your flight is boarding.VII.

Вариант II

I. Определите, к какой части речи относятся эти слова и от каких слов они образованы. Дайте перевод.

Revolution, softness, freedom, homeless, silence, teacher, difficulty, famous

II. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующемся времени. Предложения переведите.

1. You always (to spend) summer at the sea-side? – Yes, as a rule. Last summer I (to go) to the mountains, but I (not to find) the rest there as pleasant as near the sea.

2. When I (to leave) home, it (to rain).

3. He (to wait) for fifteen minutes when at last he (to see) her at the end of the platform.

4. I’ll join you when I (to drink) my tea.

5. Don’t speak to him, he (to be) very busy: he (to do) some very urgent work.

III. Переведите на английский язык:

1. Я ищу тебя с утра. Где ты был?

2. Где твой отец? – Он работает в саду.

3. Я боялся, что что-то может произойти.

4. В следующем году я закончу колледж и буду поступать в университет.

5. Что делал преподаватель, когда ты вошёл в кабинет?

IV. Передайте высказывания в косвенной речи и переведите их на русский язык:

1. The manager said to the interviewer: “I can only give you preliminary figures.”

2. The air hostess says: “The plane is landing”.

3. The manager said to his colleagues: “We must look for new outlets for our goods.”

4. He asked the boy: “What are you looking for?”

5. She asked me: “Are you hungry?”

V. Употребите следующие предложения как придаточные дополнительные, в роли главных используя предложения, данные в скобках. Соблюдайте правила согласования времён.  Предложения переведите.

1. He is a very talented singer. (We knew).

2. He is writing a new article. (We heard).

3. The students are writing a test. (She thought).

4.  Her parents will come soon. (She hoped).

5. He works at his English hard. (I knew).

6. Everything will be all right. (I hope).

VI. Переведите письменно текст:

The snowstorm.

        The snowstorm in our city last week wasn’t a large one, but it caused many accidents. The snow started to come down in the late afternoon. I saw it through the window of the office building where I work as a secretary. It had been snowing for an hour when I started to drive home.

        The cars had been driving slowly because of the dangerous roads. It was slippery snow that froze when it hit the roads. Earlier, the snow had been melting, but by evening it was staying on the roads. Police cars had been checking the traffic regularly.

        I’d been driving for twenty minutes when the accident happened. My heater hadn’t been working, and the snow had been freezing on my window, so I couldn’t see well. I’d been stopping to clean my window every few minutes. I’d just started the car again when my tires started to slip. The car slipped onto the side of the road. When it hit the hill, it turned over and stopped.

        I felt and looked to see if I was hurt, but I wasn’t. I’d been driving quite slowly, and luckily I’d been wearing my seatbelt. It was very quiet, with just sounds of music and falling snow. Soon the police came to help me, and I was able to reach home in another hour.

VII. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:

1. Why was the traffic so slow?

2. What job had the police been doing?

3. How long had the secretary been driving when she had the accident?

4. Why had she stopped so often?

5. Why wasn’t the secretary hurt?

Вариант III

I. Определите, к какой части речи относятся эти слова и от каких слов они образованы. Дайте перевод.

Dangerous, basic, lawless, independent, carefully, incorrect, unknown, listening, existence

II. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующемся времени. Предложения переведите.

1. When I (to come), he (to live) in the old house where I first (to meet) him. He (to tell) me he (to wait) for some time already.

2. Where is Mike? – He is not at home, he (to go) to the store. Wait for him, he (to come) in half an hour.

3. The children (to play) here at 11 o’ clock, but now they (to go) home.

4. By the end of the year they (to finish) their work.

5. I (to look) for you since morning.

   

III. Переведите на английский язык:

1. Я уже целый час читал после обеда, когда пришёл отец.

2. Где ты был с прошлой пятницы?

3. Когда я проснулся, отец принимал душ, а мама готовила завтрак.

4. Завтра я буду ждать тебя с 1 часу до двух возле колледжа.

5. Это самая интересная книга, которую я когда-либо читал.

6. Что делал преподаватель, когда ты вошёл в класс?

   IV.  Передайте высказывания в косвенной речи и переведите на русский язык:

1. “Have you got a Russian-English dictionary?” he asked me.

2. “Please, don’t ask me any more questions”, she said to me.

3.  “Why did our team lose the game?” he asked me.

4. “Don’t be afraid, Nick”, said his grandfather. “This dog is very clever and it won’t do you any harm”.

5. “Have you ever been here?” he asked me.

V. Употребите следующие предложения, как придаточные дополнительные, в роли главных используя предложения, данные в скобках. Соблюдайте правила согласования времён.  Предложения переведите.

1. You will fall and break your leg. (I was afraid).

2. He won the first prize. (We heard).

3. She knows English very well. (He thought).

4. The children are playing in the yard. (She thought).

5. My cousin has received a very interesting offer from his firm. (I learnt).    

VI. Переведите письменно текст:

Helicopters to the rescue!

        Both on land and the sea, helicopters have rescued many people. Helicopters can move in a very small spaces, and they can land almost anywhere. In addition, they can land remain in one place in the air to make a rescue.

        The drivers of these cars had been going too fast, and they lost control. When the car hit each other, several people were hurt. Now they need medical help immediately. The rescue workers are going to give first aid to all the injured people. Then they are going to carry the injured people to the helicopter. The pilot of the helicopter is going to take them to the closest hospital. There the people are going to receive medical help.

        In another situation the Coast Guard is helping two boatmen. Their boat is grounded on rocks, and the men have been caught far from land.

        The Coast Guard rescues are lowering lifebelts to the men. The boatmen are going to clime into the cage. In the cage they are going to ride up to the helicopter. Then they are going to put on dry clothes and drink some hot coffee.

VII. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:

1. Why can helicopters make so many rescues on land and on sea?

2. Why did the cars have an accident?

3. What are the rescue workers going to do first?

4. How are the injured people going to reach the hospital?

5. Who is going to help boatmen?

Вариант IV

I. Определите, к какой части речи относятся эти слова и от каких слов они образованы. Дайте перевод.

Offender, punishment, enforcement, accused, prosecution, defenseless, illegal, action

II. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующемся времени. Предложения переведите.

1. Where is your luggage? – I (to leave) it at the station. I (to take) it tomorrow when Nick (to come) to help me.

2. I (to read) about an hour when he (to come).

3. Don’t enter the bedroom! The child (to sleep) there, and he always (to wake up) when somebody (to open) the door.

4. One night a little swallow (to fly) over the city. His friends (to fly) away to Egypt six weeks before, but he (to stay) behind.

 

III. Переведите на английский язык:

1. Моя сестра была больна уже несколько дней, когда я узнала об этом.

2. Я не пойду на вечеринку, я весь вечер буду писать сочинение.

3. Когда он ушёл, я выключила радио.

4. Он думал, что будет хорошая погода, и они поедут на рыбалку.

5. Это самый интересный фильм, который я когда-либо видела.

6. Я ношу эту шляпку уже три года.

IV. Восстановите прямую речь в следующих предложениях и переведите их на русский язык:

1. The teacher asked who was ill.

2. I asked John if he would be at home at three o’clock.

3. She asked me to buy some bread on my way home.

4. She said that he didn’t like coffee.

5. Nick asked Pete what he had seen at the museum.

6. The man asked if there was a good hotel nearby.

V. Поставьте сказуемое главного предложения в прошедшее время и сделайте соответствующие изменения в придаточном предложении. (Помните о правиле согласования времён). Предложения переведите.

1. He says he doesn’t know this woman.

2. They write they are coming tomorrow.

3. Do you say it is your bag?

4. I think our team will win the game.

5. She says that she has known him for two years.

VI. Прочитайте и переведите текст.

Airport

Pat arrived at the airport two hours ago to catch her plane to Tokyo. At the check-in counter, a ticket agent looked at her ticket and her passport, and her baggage was checked in/ weighed on the scales. Pat's suitcases were very heavy, so she had to pay an excess baggage charge (amount of money for addi¬tional weight). Next she was given a boarding pass (a ticket that allows her to get on the plane). The board-ing pass has a seat number written on it, and Pat was given a window seat in the non-smocking section. Her suitcases were labeled and sent off to be loaded into the hold of the airplane.

While waiting for the flight to be called, Pat goes to the news¬stand to buy a news-paper. Then she goes through the security check, where her сапу-on luggage (the bags she is keeping with her on the plane) is searched. Then Pat goes into the duty-free shop where she has a chance to buy some things cheaply. The goods she buys here are cheap because they are not taxed.

In the departure lounge, Pat joins the other passengers who are sitting and waiting until it is time for their flight to depart. After a few minutes Pat hears the an-nouncement: "Flight 156 to Tokyo is now boarding at Gate Three", and she goes to board (get on) her plane.VII.

Вариант V

I. Определите, к какой части речи относятся эти слова и от каких слов они образованы. Дайте перевод.

Agreement, windy, friendship, childhood, supermarket, unhappiness, misunderstanding, coexistence

II. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующемся времени. Предложения переведите.

- You (to go) to the library tomorrow? – No, I already (to be) to the library this week. I (to be) there on Monday. As a rule, I (to go) to the library every Wednesday. But yesterday I (not to go) there, because I (not to read) the book. I (to read) it now. I (to go) to the library on Saturday if I (to finish) the book by that time.

III. Переведите на английский язык:

1. Не звоните мне с 3 до 5 завтра: я буду работать в лаборатории.

2. Я не имею ни малейшего представления, о чём вы говорите.

3. Я подумал, что он устал, и спросил его, что он делал всё это время.

4. Сколько вы изучаете английский язык? – Я учу английский язык уже три года.

5. Что вы здесь делаете? – Я ищу свою ручку.

6. Когда я проснулся, завтрак был уже готов.

IV. Переделайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи и переведите их на русский язык:

1. “My friend lives in Moscow,”- said Alex.

2. The doctor said to Pete: “Don’t go for a walk today”.

3. “What are you doing here, boys?” – asked the man.

4. “Do you like chocolates?” – said my little sister to me.

5. “Where will the talks take place?” – asked the secretary.

6. “Our firm has bought different equipment this year.” – said the manager.

V. Поставьте сказуемое главного предложения в прошедшее время и сделайте соответствующие изменения в придаточном предложении. Помните о согласовании времён.  Предложения переведите.

1. I think he recognized me.

2. I am sure everything will be all right.

3. They write they are going to London on business.

4. He says he didn’t read this article.

5. Do you say it is a historical novel?

6. I know they lived in Moscow last year.

VI. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст.

The Titanic Tragedy.

        In 1912, the Titanic hit an iceberg on its first trip across the Arctic, and it sank four hours later. At that time, the Titanic was the largest ship that had ever traveled on the sea. It was carrying 2207 people, but it had taken on enough lifeboats for only 1178 people. When the passengers tried to leave the ship, only 651 of them were able to get into lifeboats.

        The Carpathia was 58 miles away when the Titanic called on its radio for help. It arrived two hours after the great ship had gone down, and it saved 705 people. Some of the survivors had been in the icy water for hours when they were saved. 1502 people had lost their lives.

        Nobody had prepared for such a tragedy. Nobody had believed that Titanic could sink. The steamship company had thought that its ship would be completely safe in all situations. They had followed an old rule for the number of lifeboats, so they’d supplied lifeboats for only half the people. The passengers hadn’t received their lifeboat numbers, nor had they practiced lifeboat drill before the accident. Many of them had not even dressed warmly, for the ship had hit the iceberg late at night, and they didn’t believe they were in danger.

        After this accident, ocean travel changed. Now there are always enough lifeboats for everybody. Ships don’t go so far north in winter, and they watch carefully for ice. Radio officers work 24 hours a day. A tragedy like that should never happen again.

VII. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:

1. How many people did the Carpathia save from the Titanic?

2. Why did the steamship company supply lifeboats for only half the people?

3. How did ocean travel after the tragedy with the Titanic?

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА  № 3.

Для того, что бы выполнить контрольную работу №3, необходимо проработать следующий грамматический материал:

1. Глагол. Все времена пассивного залога. (the Passive Voice).

2. Инфинитив. Формы инфинитива и способы перевода на русский язык. (The Infinitive.)

3. Герундий. Формы герундия и способы перевода на русский язык.  (The Gerund.)

Для успешной сдачи зачета студенты должны подготовить следующий материал:

1. Выполнить контрольную работу №3.  

2. Подготовиться к собеседованию по следующим темам:

• The work of Fire Department.

• The duties of the fire fighters.

• My profession.

3.        Прочитать не менее 10 страниц любого текста по теме «Чрезвычайные ситуации» или две страницы любой газеты на английском языке.

Образец выполнения заданий:

Задание I.

All the documents are kept in perfect order. – Present Indefinite, Passive Voice. – Все документы хранятся в идеальном порядке.

Задание II.

They always laugh at him. – He is always laughed at.  – Над ним всегда смеются.

Задание III.

I am sorry being so late. – Извините за опоздание.

Задание IV.

To act like this was to spoil everything. – Действовать подобным образом – означало всё испортить.

Вариант I

I. Переведите предложения. Определите видовременную форму и залог сказуемого.

1. Everything was arranged in good time.

2. The problem will be solved in the near future.

3. The mail has just been sent off.

4. The match is being shown on TV now.

5. When we came to the factory, the new equipment was still being installed.

6. The meeting has been put off.

7. The question was asked several times.

II. Преобразуйте предложения, сделав дополнение подлежащим. Внесите соответствующие изменения. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Nobody lived in the house.

2. The senior students laughed at the freshmen.

3. We often speak about her.

4. I have paid for these flowers.

5. The headmistress sent for the pupil’s parents.

6. I was waiting for him at 5o’clock yesterday.

7. Everybody will talk about him tomorrow.

III. Переведите следующие предложения. Подчеркните герундий.

1. Repairing cars is his business.

2. Living in little stuffy rooms means breathing poisonous air.

3. On being told the news she turned pale.

4. I understand perfectly your wishing to start the work at once.

5. He keeps insisting on my going to the South.

6. She likes being stared at because she thinks she’s attractive.

7. The place is worth visiting.

8. Her husband used to smoke, but he stopped smoking 2 years ago.

IV. Переведите предложения. Подчеркните инфинитив.

1. Here are some more facts to prove that your theory is correct.

2. I need something to write with.

3. I have brought you a book to read, but you must return it by Sunday.

4. Do you like to listen to the music?

5. I think I shall be able to solve this problem.

6. Would you like to go to England?

7. We had to put on our overcoats because it was raining.

8. It is high time for you to go to bed.

9. He didn’t want to play in the yard any more.

1. Переведите текст.

Applying for a Job

Information, which includes your suitability to the job, should be highlighted. This information is called a resume. If you have had previous experience in various phases of employ¬ment, it may be to your advantage to have two-three different re-sumes, each emphasizing a different area of competence.

1. It is a standard practice to begin the resume with personal data. Essentials such as your name, address, social insurance number, home phone number and business phone number (re¬commended only if your present employer is aware of your job search). Facts, such as your date of birth, marital status, and number of dependents, may also be included. -

2. An option, which may be included in your resume, is a brief explanation of your career objective or goals. This is usually included following personal data. If you have only one version of your resume, it may be best to include this section in a covering letter so that you can tailor it to the specific position for which you are applying.

3. The structure of the next portion of your resume will de¬pend a great deal on the extent of your work history. If you are a recent graduate with limited business ex-perience, begin with your education first. Highlight achievements and honors, and note extracurricular activities. Expand on any courses you took which are relevant to the position you desire, or specialized training you may have participated in. Progress to your part-time or summer employment, and indicate responsibility and achievements.

4. If you posses a strong background in the work, you should begin with your work experience first. Information provided here will include a job title, name of employer, address, date of employment, and a brief summary of duties. Emphasize responsi¬bilities and highlight personal achievements, advancement and recognition. Your list of positions should be in reverse chrono¬logical order, so begin with your current employer.

Next, your resume could include a brief section designed to give employers an in-sight into your leisure and non-work activi¬ties. You might include:

clubs or professional associations community volunteer work sports and hobbies 5. Finally you could list references. It has become acceptable practice to write " Refer-ences: Available upon request" since ad¬dresses, titles, phone numbers are subject to change. Choose ref¬erences carefully and always get permission to use their names as references.  

Вариант II

I.        Переведите предложения. Определите видовременную форму и залог сказуемого.

1. The letter is still being typed; wait for a moment, please.

1. I was sent full details of the job.

2. Many houses are still being constructed and many houses have already been built.

3. They were all presented with signed certificates.

4. A free sightseeing trip is offered to all passengers.

5. Drinks and snacks have been given to everyone in our group.

6. She was brought the news of their success yesterday evening.

II. Преобразуйте предложения, сделав дополнение подлежащим.
Внесите соответствующие изменения. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Thеу much speak about the new film.

2. You must listen to the lecture.

3. You always laugh at them.

4. They sent for the doctor.

5. Someone must look after her.

6. They will look through these papers.

7. They have paid for these goods.

III.         Переведите следующие предложения. Подчеркните герундий.

 1. We were kept waiting.

1. I remember having seen him before.

2. They agreed on sharing the profits with you.

3. I hated the idea of leaving her alone.

4. We are looking forward to hearing from you.

5. After receiving our order, let us know the exact date of delivering.

6. She listened without saying a word.

7. I am sorry being so late.

IV.         Переведите следующие предложения. Подчеркните инфинитив.

1. То act like this was to spoil everything.

2. The most difficult thing is to start.

3. She likes to be asked about her family.

4. I did not expect to be invited.

5. Come on, we have no time to waste!

6. What's the matter?—Nothing to worry about.

7. We expected him to come to see us off.

8. He is said to have arrived at the airport.

9. Nothing seems to have been forgotten.

V.  Переведите текст.

At a Hotel

As soon as you are through with the customs you'll most probably take a taxi to a hotel. It's best to book a room (A.E. — make a reservation) in advance. In this case you'll be sure to stay at a hotel without any problems. You can book a room by tel-e¬phone or telegram.

In many hotels a porter (A.E. — bell-boy) takes your luggage and shows you the way to the receptionist's desk. The receptio¬nist will most probably ask you what room you want (a single or a double room, a suite etc.) and for how many days (nights) you are going stay at the hotel. He may offer you a room with all modern conveniences (bath, telephone, TV). Then he will ask you to sign in (A.E. — check-in). In this case you have to sign your name in a hotel register (book). In the USA you have to put down your name, nationality and address in a special registration form (fill in a form).

When this formality is over, the receptionist gives you your key and the porter shows you up to your room. Now you are re¬ferred to as a "guest". When going out you are supposed to leave your key at the desk. All the keys are hung on a special key-rack.

The room charge (price) usually includes your breakfast. Sometimes it includes the service, or the service is paid addi¬tionally.

The guests are requested to warn the receptionist in advance about the day and hour of signing out (A.E. — checking out) so that he could have the bill ready for them in time. Make sure that the bill is ready one day before leaving.

Вариант III

1. Переведите предложения. Определите видовременную форму и залог сказуемого.

1. The matter hasn’t bee settled yet.

2. That film was shown on TV last week.

3. The plan will be changed a little if you want.

4. America was discovered by Columbus in 1492.

5. The ground was covered with snow.

6. The table is made of expensive wood.

7. The mail has just been sent off.

II. Преобразуйте предложения, сделав дополнение подлежащим. Внесите соответствующие изменения. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Mother was looking at her little son.

2. The group spoke to their teacher yesterday.

3. Young mothers look after their children with great care.

4. They sent for Jim.

5. We thought about our friend all the time.

6. The doctor will operate on him next week.

7. They looked for the newspaper everywhere.

III. Переведите следующие предложения. Подчеркните герундий.

1. There are two ways of getting sugar: one from beet and the other from sugarcane.

2. Have you finished writing?

3. I had the pleasure of dancing with her the whole evening.

4. She likes sitting in the sun.

5. Taking a cold shower in the morning is very useful.

6. Some people can work the whole day without feeling tired.

7. I had no hope of getting the answer before the end of the month.

8. I’m looking forward to going to New-York.

IV. Переведите предложения. Подчеркните инфинитив.

1. I think I shall be able to solve this problem.

2. We found that there was another complicated problem to consider.

3. She had two younger brothers to take care of.

4. She was too foolish to understand my explanations.

5. She is pleasant to look at.

6. He was the first to come.

7. To play chess was his greatest pleasure.

8. The child did not like to be washed.

9. Which is more pleasant: to give or to be given presents?

V. Переведите текст:

TSUNAMI

You've probably never seen a tsunami, and you can count among your blessings the fact that you have not. The tsunami, or tidal wave, is one of nature's most destructive forces. The devastating force of a tidal wave can match in fury just about any other catastrophe caused by nature.

The term "tidal wave" is actually a misleading one because tsunami are not caused by the tides. These enormous waves are caused by earthquakes or volcanic eruptions under the sea. They may also originate as a result of hurricane storms that occur far from land.

Tidal waves can travel thousands of miles, at speeds between 400 and 500 miles per hour. They move not only with great speed, but with great power. When a tsunami strikes land, successive waves pile up on the shore. As a result, waves develop to an extremely great height. These waves have been known to reach a height of 100 feet or more.

It's difficult for a person to comprehend the speed, size, and potential for destruction and violence that the tidal wave brings with it. To get an idea of what one would be like, think of a tsunami as an express train as high as an apartment house traveling with the speed of a jet airliner.

VI. Продолжите предложения, выбрав правильный вариант в соответствии с текстом и переведите полученные предложения:

1.        Tidal waves may be caused by

1.  tides and winds.

2.  jet airliners.

3.  earthquakes or volcanoes.

4.  mild ocean breezes.

2.        A catastrophe is a

1.  volcano near the sea.

2.  pleasant experience.

3.  mark of punctuation.

4.  disaster of some kind.

3.        The term "tidal wave" misleads because

1.  tides do not cause tidal waves.

2.  tsunami are not really waves. .

3.  it omits mention of seaweed.

4.  volcanoes are tides, too.

4.        Tidal waves can travel

1.  a few inches at a time.

2.  only to the nearest island.

3.  a few hundred miles.

4.  thousands of miles.

Вариант IV

I. Переведите предложения. Определите видовременную форму и залог сказуемого.

1. The mail is usually brought at 9 p.m.

2. Who has been appointed the head of the delegation?

3. The experiment will be described in several journals.

4. A conference on this problem is being held now.

5. The matter was settled easily.

6. A driver was fined for exceeding the speed limit.

7. The reason hasn’t been found yet.

II. Преобразуйте предложения, сделав дополнение подлежащим. Внесите соответствующие изменения.  Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Somebody waited for her outside.

2. Everybody listened to the teacher.

3. They sent for the doctor.

4. The neighbor asked for the telegram.

5. They laughed at Mary.

6. The doctor will operate on him in a week.

7. They looked for the newspaper everywhere.      

III. Переведите следующие предложения. Подчеркните герундий.

1. Mary has just finished writing.

2. He talked without stopping.

3. She thought of going to the country for the weekend.

4. She disliked living in her old house.

5. My mother likes cooking and she is very good at it.

6. Do you mind my asking you a difficult question?

7. He postponed going to New-York as he felt ill.

8. This city is really worth visiting.

IV. Переведите предложения. Подчеркните инфинитив.

1. The book lives much to be desired.

2. She is pleasant to look at.

3. To tell you the truth I don’t like boxing.

4. I have nothing interesting to read.

5. Which is more pleasant: to give or to receive presents?

6. To play chess was his greatest pleasure.

7. The children were delighted to be brought to the circus.

8. I am glad to see you.

9. Sorry not to have noticed you.

V.  Переведите текст:

LAW AND SOCIETY

The world was at a very primitive stage of development. There were no laws to regulate life of people. If a man chose to kill his wife or if a woman succeeded in killing her husband that was their own business and no one interfered officially things never stay the same. The life has changed. We live in a complicated world. Scientific and social developments increase the tempo of our daily living activities, make them more involved. Now we need rules and regulations which govern our every social move and action. We have made laws of community. Living laws are based on the reasonable needs at the community we often dont notice them. If our neighbor plays loud music late at night, we probably try to discuss the matter with him rather than consulting the police, the lawyer or the courts. When we buy a TV set, or a train ticket or loan money to somebody a lawyer may tell us it represents a contract with legal obligations. But to most of us it is just a ticket that gets us on a train or a TV set to watch. When a neighbor refuses to behave reasonably or when we are injured in a train accident, the money wasnt repaid, the TV set fails to work and the owner of the shop didnt return money or replace it, we do start thinking about the legal implications of everyday activities. May wish to take legal action to recover your loss. You may sue against Bert who didnt pay his debt. Thus you be-come a plaintiff and Bert is a defendant. At the trial you testified under oath about the loan. Bert, in his turn, claimed that it was a gift to him, which was not to be re-turned. The court after the listening to the testimony of both sides and considering the law decided that it was a loan and directed that judgment be entered in favor of you against. Transactions in modern society are so complex that few of us would risk making them without first seeking legal advice. For example, buying or selling a house, setting up a business, or deciding whom to give our property to when we die. The whole it seems that people all over the world are becoming more and more accustomed to using legal means to regulate their relations with each other. Multina-tional companies employ lawyers to ensure that their contracts are valid whenever they do business.

Вариант V

I. Переведите предложения. Определите видовременную форму и залог сказуемого.

1. My question was answered yesterday.

2. His new book will be finished next year.

3. Flowers are sold in the flower shops and in the streets.

4. The clock is being repaired now.

5. This play will be staged at the beginning of May.

6. Many important experiments were made in this laboratory.

7. These trees were planted last autumn.

II. Преобразуйте предложения, сделав дополнение подлежащим. Внесите соответствующие изменения. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Mary thought about the children.

2. The headmistress sent for the pupil’s parents.

3. Everybody laughed at John.

4. Nobody lived in the house.

5. Nurses looked after patients.  

6. You must listen to the lecture.

7. We have paid for these books.

III. Переведите следующие предложения. Подчеркните герундий.

1. My watch wants repairing.

2. Have you finished writing?

3. I like skiing but my sister prefers skating.

4. Mary can work all the day without feeling tired.

5. Taking a cold shower in the morning is very useful.

6. After buying everything she needed she went home.

7. My grandparents enjoy living in their new house.

8. Have you finished washing the dishes yet?

IV. Переведите предложения. Подчеркните инфинитив.

1. Here are some tablets to relieve your headache.

2. Would you like to go to England?

3. It is high time for you to go to bed.

4. The child was happy to have been brought home.

5. I am sorry to have kept you waiting.

6. He expected me to come to see him off.

7. We must wait to hear the examination results.

8. Don’t promise to do something if you are not sure that you can.

9. He is sorry to have said it.

V. Переведите текст:

Criminal Proceeds and Cooperation with other Countries

Russia has laws that allow for the confiscation of proceeds of drug trafficking, drug money laundering, and other offenses. Provi¬sions also exist which enable for trac-ing, freezing, and seizing of these criminal proceeds. As long as a case of this nature is opened and goes to trial, legal provisions are avail¬able for seizure of criminally derived assets connected to the offense. Russian laws also permit banking authori-ties and off¬shore banking authorities to share information with law enforcement authorities. The Rus¬sian government may share account transaction and other cus-tomer information with foreign law enforcement authorities

Russia has signed and ratified the 1988 Vienna Convention. Russia became a member of the Council of Europe in 1996. Rus¬sia's proposed anti-money launder-ing law is patterned after provi¬sions in the Strasbourg Convention. Russia also rec-ognizes all treaties and interna¬tional conventions signed by the Soviet Union. This includes Mu¬tual Legal Assistance Treaties (MLATs) signed with current and former socialist countries and members of the Commonwealth of Independent States.

Intergovernmental agreements which may be applicable to money laundering of-fenses have been signed with Greece, Cyprus, Italy, Finland, Sweden, and the Unit-ed States. Russia has intergov¬ernmental agreement proposals with Germany, Nor-way, Denmark, Spain, Portugal, and Hungary. Some of these intergovernmental agreements may be applicable for civil offenses only, and, when applicable for crim-inal purposes, the information exchanged is for operational purposes only.

There is no maximum limit on the import or export of monetary instruments. Re-porting of these instruments takes place at the border if they are physically carried into the country. Under current Russian laws, monetary instruments used as a means of committing criminal activities or received as the proceeds of criminal acts can be seized and their existence reported to foreign authorities. No provisions exist for extradition in money laundering cases with other countries, since money laun-dering itself is not a crime.

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА  № 4.

Для того, что бы выполнить контрольную работу №4, необходимо проработать следующий грамматический материал:

1. Инфинитив и инфинитивные конструкции.

2. Типы условных предложений.

3. Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.

Для успешной сдачи зачета студенты должны подготовить следующий материал:

1. Выполнить контрольную работу №4.

2. Написать аннотацию любой газетной статьи или текста из раздела «ТЕКСТЫ ДЛЯ ПОДГОТОВКИ К ЗАЧЕТУ» (стр. ). Используйте схему на стр.

3.        Прочитать не менее 10 страниц любого текста по теме «Чрезвычайные ситуации» или две страницы любой газеты на английском языке.

Образец выполнения заданий:

Задание I. a) I wanted him to become a doctor. – Я хотел, чтобы он стал врачом.

                   b) Would you like to go to the cinema with me? – Пойдем со мной в кино!

                   c) Я не хочу, чтобы вы уезжали сегодня. – I don’t want you to leave today.

Задание II. a) If the weather is fine we shall go the country. ( I тип условного предложения) – Если погода будет хорошая, мы поедем за город.

                     b) If the weather (to be) fine we (to go) the country.

If the weather is fine we shall go the country. ( I тип условного предложения) – Если погода будет хорошая, мы поедем за город.

If the weather were fine we should go the country. ( II тип условного предложения) – Если бы погода была хорошая, мы бы поехали за город.

If the weather had been fine we should have gone to the country. ( III тип условного предложения) – Если бы погода (тогда) была хорошая, мы бы поехали за город.

Задание III. a)  Can you speak English? – Вы можете говорить по-английски?

                      b) I must prepare for my examination. – Я должен готовиться к экзамену.

                         I had to prepare for my examination the whole day yesterday.  - Я должен был готовиться к экзамену весь день вчера.

                         I shall have to prepare for my examination in a week. - Я должен буду готовиться к экзамену через неделю.

                    с) Я не могу говорить по-французски. – I can’t speak French.

Bариант I.

I. a) Переведите предложения с конструкцией Complex Object на русский язык:

1. I want all the children to be happy.

        2. We expect them to arrive in the morning.

        3. Would you like me to tell you this story?

b) Перепишите предложения, употребляя, где требуется, частицу to. Переведите предложения на русский язык:

        1. I know my friend ... be a wise man.

        2. We would like John ... invite us to his birthday party.

        3. Don’t let him ... laugh at you!

c) Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя Complex Object:

        1.   Моя мама заставила меня мыть посуду.

        2.   Мы бы хотели, чтобы вы пошли туда с нами.

        3.   Я видел, как он входил в комнату 10 минут назад.

II. a) Переведите предложения на русский язык. Укажите тип условного предложения.

1. If my friend comes to see me I will be very glad.

2. If my mother had bought a cake yesterday we would have had a very nice tea party.

3. If we received a telegram from him we wouldn’t worry.

4.   If you don’t work systematically you will fail the examination.

5.   If you were busy I would leave you alone.

b) Раскрывая скобки, напишите каждое предложение 3 раза, образуя условные предложения всех трех типов. Предложения переведите.

        1.   If I (to live) in the South I (to bathe) very often.

        2.   If I (to lose) my money I (to be) very sorry.

        3.   If I (to go) to the wood I (to gather) many mushrooms.

III. a) Переведите предложения с модальными глаголами на русский язык:

1. Can your sister speak English?

2. You may not cross the street when the light is red.

3. You must not argue with the boss!

b) Поставьте предложения в прошедшее и будущее время, используя, где необходимо, вместо модальных глаголов их эквиваленты.

        1.   I can drive a car.

        2.   We must stay at home.

        3.   Nick may spend all his money.

c) Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя  модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.

        1.   Мне пришлось вчера пойти на работу.

        2.   Вы сможете переплыть эту речку?

        3.   Моему сыну нельзя смотреть этот фильм.

IV. Переведите письменно текст:

Emergency

        In the USA over 20 million people call for emergency medical assistance every year. There are over 750, 000 emergency service workers, including dispatchers, paramedics, doctors, nurses, and fire and police personnel. Many areas have a centralized emergency response number, such as the 911 system, for anyone who needs emergency assistance for a police, fire, or medical problem. This system routes calls and often identifies where the call came from. Sometimes the emergency dispatchers know where you are and can send help even if you are unable to give your location.

        Much of what the fire department does has little to do with fire. The fire department plays a central role in an emergency medical system. In many areas, firefighters have special emergency medical training, and a fire engine will be the first emergency vehicle on the scene of an illness or injury. Because they respond to both fires and emergency medical calls, fire engines carry all the medical supplies and equipment that a firefighters-EMT (Emergency Medical Technician) may need.

        Medical emergencies may include bites, bleeding, burns, choking, drug overdoses, fainting, heart attacks, and poisons. Fire department personnel treat people at the scene of problem. However, if transportation is required to a hospital or other medical facility, an ambulance will often be called. Fire department  services are always paid for with tax dollars and no fee to the person receiving the service. Ambulances, on the other hand, are usually operated by private businesses and can be very expensive to use.

V. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:

1. How many emergency service workers are there in the USA?

2. What role does the fire department play in an emergency medical system?

3. What may medical emergencies include?

4. Where does fire department personnel treat people?

5. Are fire department services free of charge to people?

Вариант II.

I. a) Переведите предложения с конструкцией Complex Object на русский язык:

1.   I know him to be a very talanted scientist.

        2.   I noticed a man cleaning his shoes.

        3.   My mother made me help her about the house.

b) Перепишите предложения, употребляя, где требуется, частицу to. Переведите предложения на русский язык:

        1.   The rain made us ... come back home.

        2.   Would you like me ... sing this song?

        3.   Mary expected Jack ... visit her next week.

c) Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя Complex Object:

        1.   Я слышал, как она поет.  

        2.   Мы  знаем, что он очень умный человек.

        3.   Я не хочу, чтобы вы уезжали сегодня.

II. a) Переведите предложения на русский язык. Укажите тип условного предложения.

1. If I come home late I will go to bed at once.

2. If I had met you yesterday I would have told you something interesting.

3. If we received a telegram from him we wouldn’t worry.

4.   If I prepare for the exam carefully I will get a good mark.

5.   If I had got a ticket yesterday I would have gone to the theatre with you.

b) Раскрывая скобки, напишите каждое предложение 3 раза, образуя условные предложения всех трех типов. Предложения переведите.

        1.   If I (to learn) my lesson I (to get) an excellent mark.

        2.   If I (to have) much money I (to buy) a good car.

        3.   If I (to see) my friend I (to ask) his advice.

III. a) Переведите предложения с модальными глаголами на русский язык:

1. You may take this book, I don’t need it any more.

2. Could you, please, tell me the way to the station?

3. You must do this work immediately! It’s urgent.

b) Поставьте предложения в прошедшее и будущее время, используя, где необходимо, вместо модальных глаголов их эквиваленты.

        1.   We may stay as long as the adults.

        2.   I can translate this text without a dictionary.

        3.   I must repair my car.

c) Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя  модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.

        1.   Мне пришлось добираться до работы пешком: моя машина сломалась.

        2.   Я не смогу Вас встретить в аэропорту, я буду занят.

        3.   Михаилу разрешили пропустить занятия в школе.

IV. Переведите письменно текст:

GOVERNMENT

When governments make laws for their citizens, they use a system of courts backed by the power of the police to enforce these laws. Of course, there may be instances where the law is not enforced against someone-such as when young children commit crimes, when the police have to concentrate on certain crimes and therefore ignore others, or in countries where there is so much political corruption that certain peo-ple are able to escape justice by using their money or influence. But the general na-ture of the law is enforced equally against all members of the nation.made laws are nevertheless often patterned upon informal rules of conduct already existing in so-ciety, and relations between people are regulated by a combination of all these rules. This relationship can be demonstrated using the example of a sports club.a member of a rugby club is so angry with the referee during a club game that he hits him and breaks his nose. At the most informal level of social custom, it is probable that people seeing or hearing about the incident would criticize the player and try to per-suade him to apologize and perhaps compensate the referee in some way. At a more formal level, the player would find he had broken the rules of his club, and perhaps of a wider institution governing the conduct of all people playing rugby, and would face punishment, such as a fine or a suspension before he would be allowed to play another game. Finally, the player might also face prosecution for attacking the ref-eree under laws created by the government of his country. In many countries there might be two kinds of prosecution. First, the referee could conduct a civil action against the player, demanding compensation for his injury and getting his claim en-forced by a court of law if the player failed to agree privately. Second, the police might also start an action against the player for a crime of violence. If found guilty, the player might be sent to prison, or he might be made to pay a fine to the court-that is, punishment for an offence against the state, since governments often consid-er anti-social behavior not simply as a matter between two individuals but as a danger to the well-being and order of society as a whole.

 Вариант III.

I. a) Переведите предложения с конструкцией Complex Object на русский язык:

1.   I hate you to forget your obligations!

        2.   We saw him crossing the street.

        3.   I expect you to tell me the truth!

b) Перепишите предложения, употребляя, где требуется, частицу to. Переведите предложения на русский язык:

        1.   I know you uncle ... be a very talanted mathematician.

        2.   We made him ... do it.

        3.   He wanted his frient ... go with him.  

c) Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя Complex Object:

        1.   Хотите, я дам Вам свой словарь?

        2.   Мама смотрела, как её маленькая дочь спит в своей кроватке.

        3.   Я не ожидал, что Вы вернётесь так быстро.

II. a) Переведите предложения на русский язык. Укажите тип условного предложения.

1. If my father returns home early we will watch TV together.

2. If the weather had been fine yesterday I would have gone to the seaside.

3. If we were not so busy we would go to the concert.

4.   If I had seen her I would have been very glad.  

5.   If you are free we will go to the theatre together.

b) Раскрывая скобки, напишите каждое предложение 3 раза, образуя условные предложения всех трех типов. Предложения переведите.

        1.   If I (to be) at the camp I (to have) a very good time.

        2.   If I (to see) your brother I (to ask) him to come to my place.

        3.   If I (to join) you in fishing I (to catch) a lot of fish.

III. a) Переведите предложения с модальными глаголами на русский язык:

1. Can I speak to Mr. Smith , please?

2. He may not smoke here.

3. You must not forget about your obligations!

b) Поставьте предложения в прошедшее и будущее время, используя, где необходимо, вместо модальных глаголов их эквиваленты.

        1. I can read and write in English.

        2. We may use the dictionary at an English lesson.

        3. I must prepare for my examination.

c) Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя  модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.

        1.   Я должен сегодня навестить свою бабушку.

        2.   Вы сможете закончить эту работу через час?

        3.   Мне нельзя есть мороженое. Я болею.

IV. Переведите письменно текст:

If Your Plane Goes Down.

If disaster strikes, will you be calm in the face of calamity or panic in those precious moments when every second counts? Here is one of horrifying scary situations.  

        You think it won’t happen to you. Plane crashes, tornadoes, building going up in flames – those are things you read about and see on TV. Injures caused by fires, falls, drownings and other unpredictable calamities are the leading causes of death for women up to the age of 34. But don’t push your panic button just yet. There are things you can do to prepare for such emergencies – and to up your odds for surviving any disaster. When Sandy Purl was a 24-year-pld flight attendant, she used her training to remain calm when her DC-9 plane went down in a massive hailstorm. “I heard the devastating pow! Of the engines blowing out, and I knew we were in great trouble. Inside, I was screaming for my life, but on the outside, I was as calm as could be – even when I saw trees instead of clouds and knew we were going to hit.

        Anticipating the crush, Purl immediately instructed her passengers to get into brace position – heads in laps, arms around knees. She checked to make sure everyone had their seat belts fastened and told them again where exists were and how to open the doors. After the crush, she led survivors away from the wreckage to safety. Even though 63 out of 81 people on board Purl’s flight died, she remained calm throughout the ordeal and helped save 18 people – including herself!            

V. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:

1. What are the leading causes of death for women up to the age of 34?

2. Why did  Sandy Purl remain calm when her DC-9 plane went down in a massive hailstorm?

3. What did Sandy Purl tell her passengers to do when she anticipated the crush?

Вариант IV.

I. a) Переведите предложения с конструкцией Complex Object на русский язык:

1.   He knows my mother to be a very kind woman.

        2.   She doesn’t like me to argue with her.

        3.   Don’t make me do it!

b) Перепишите предложения, употребляя, где требуется, частицу to. Переведите предложения на русский язык:

        1.   I expect my friends ... come to my place tonight.

        2.   I hate her ... cry!

        3.   Don’t let him ... laugh at you!

c) Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя Complex Object:

        1.   Бабушка любит, когда я играю на пианино.

        2.   Собака заставила кошку взобраться на дерево.

        3.   Я почувствовал, что она дрожит.

II. a) Переведите предложения на русский язык. Укажите тип условного предложения.

1. If I had this rare book I would gladly lend it to you.

2. The dish would have been much more tasty if she had been a better cook.

3. You will never finish your work if you waste your time like that!

4.   If I had a telephone I would easily settle the matter with him.

5.   If you do your morning exercises every day your health will be much better.

b) Раскрывая скобки, напишите каждое предложение 3 раза, образуя условные предложения всех трех типов. Предложения переведите.

        1.   If I ( to go) to the library I (to get) this book.

        2.   If I (to have) more practice in chess I  (to win) the game.

        3.   If I (to won) the championship I (to be sent) abroad.

III. a) Переведите предложения с модальными глаголами на русский язык:

1. Last year I couldn’t skate and now I can.

2. Only a person who knows the language very well can answer this question.

3. You must work systematically if you want to pass your exams.

b) Поставьте предложения в прошедшее и будущее время, используя, где необходимо, вместо модальных глаголов их эквиваленты.

        1.   I can translate this sentence.

        2.   You may borrow my car.

        3.   You must listen to the teacher very attentively.

c) Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя  модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.

        1.   Вы должны взять эту книгу в библиотеке.

        2.   Можно мне пропустить занятия?

        3.   Я могу помочь тебе сделать уроки.

IV. Переведите письменно текст:

LEGISLATION IN RUSSIA

The doctrine of the separation of powers legislation is regarded as one of the three main functions of government. Those who have the formal power to create legisla-tion are known as legislators.Legislation can have many purposes: to regulate, to authorize, to proscribe, to provide (funds), to sanction, to grant, to declare or to re-strict.Federal Assembly of Russia is the law-making body of the Russian Federa-tion, according to the Constitution of Russian Federation, 1993. It consists of the State Duma, which is the lower house, and the Federation Council, which is the up-per house. Both houses are located in Moscow.State Duma has special powers enumerated by the Constitution of Russia. They are:

• consent to the appointment of the Prime Minister of Russia;

• hearing annual reports from the Government of the Russian Federation on the re-sults of its work, including on issues raised by the State Duma;

• deciding the issue of confidence in the Government of the Russian Federation;

• appointment and dismissal of the Chairman of the Central Bank of Russia;

• appointment and dismissal of the Chairman and half of the auditors of the Ac-counts Chamber;

• appointment and dismissal of the Commissioner for Human Rights, who shall act according to federal constitutional law;

• announcement of amnesty;

• bringing charges against the President of the Russian Federation for his impeach-ment (requires a two thirds majority);

Вариант V.

I. a) Переведите предложения с конструкцией Complex Object на русский язык:

1.  We expect this book to be printed in May.

1.   She didn't let him walk a dog.

2.   Mike doesn't want Helen to explain anything.

b)        Перепишите предложения, употребляя, где требуется, частицу to. Переведите предложения.

1.   We expect him ... sign the contract on Monday.

2.   He wants the doctor ... be sent for.

3.   She made him ... promise to stay with her.

c)        Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя Complex Object.

1.   Я знаю, что он хороший ученик.

2.   Мы не ожидали, что он приедет так рано.

3.   Не заставляй его есть суп!

II. а) Переведите предложения на русский язык. Укажите тип условного предложения.

1.   If I live in the South I shall bathe every day.

2.   If I were a scientist I should invent a time-machine.

3.   If I were in the country I should go to the wood very often.

4.   If I come home late I shall go to bed at once.

5.   If I had met your brother yesterday I should have asked him to come to our place.

b) Раскрывая скобки, напишите каждое предложение 3 раза, образуя условные предложения всех трех типов. Предложения переведите.

1.   If you (to be) busy, I (to leave) you alone.

2.   If I (to live) in Moscow, I (to visit) the Tretyakov Gallery every year.

3.   If I (to get) a ticket, I (to go) to the theatre.

III. а) Переведите предложения с модальными глаголами на русский язык.

1.   I can give you my book for a couple of days.

2.   He asked if he might bring his sister to the party.

3.   I am very tired. I feel I must go to bed at once or I shall fall asleep where I am standing.

b)        Поставьте предложения в прошедшее и будущее время, используя, где необходимо, вместо модальных глаголов их эквиваленты.

1.   I must go to the shop now.

2.   Something is wrong with the car: I can't start it.
   3.   I may use father's tape-recorder.

c)        Переведите на английский язык, используя  модальные глаголы и их
эквиваленты:

1.   Ты можешь дойти до почты пешком: это совсем близко.

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LEGISLATION IN RUSSIA

The State Duma adopts decrees on issues referred to its authority by the Constitu-tion of the Russian Federation. Decrees of the State Duma are adopted by a majori-ty of the total number of deputies of the State Duma.The Council is charged in co-operating with the State Duma in completing and voting on draft laws. Special powers of the Federation Council are:

• •Approval of changes in borders between subjects of the Russian Federation;

• •Approval of a decree of the President of the Russian Federation on the introduc-tion of martial law;

• •Approval of a decree of the President of the Russian Federation on the introduc-tion of a state of emergency;

• •Deciding on the possibility of using the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation outside the territory of the Russian Federation;

• •Declaring of elections of the President of the Russian Federation;

• •Impeachment of the President of the Russian Federation;

• •Approving the President's nomination of judges of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, of the Higher Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation;

• •Approving the President's nomination of the Attorney General of the Russian Fed-eration;

• •Appointment of Deputy Chairman and half of the auditors of the Accounting Chamber.

To pass the law more than half of senators of the Federation Council must vote for it. When considering federal constitutional laws, three-fourths of the Councils votes are required for passage.bills must first be considered by the State Duma. Upon adoption by a majority of the full State Duma membership, a draft law is consid-ered by the Federation Council, which has fourteen days to place the bill on its cal-endar. The Federation Council cannot make amendments in bills passed by the Duma and can either approve or reject them. If the Federation Council rejects a bill passed by the State Duma, the two chambers may form a conciliation commission to work out a compromise version of the legislation. If two chambers cannot reach a compromise, or the Duma insists on passing the bill as is, the veto of the Federa-tion Council can be overridden, if two thirds of the Duma's constitutional composi-tion vote in favor of the bill. The State Duma and the Federation Council usually meet separately. Joint sessions are organized when the President of Russia delivers his annual address to the Federal Assembly and in some other very rare occasions.

ТЕКСТЫ ДЛЯ ПОДГОТОВКИ К ЗАЧЕТУ.

ПЕРВЫЙ ГОД ОБУЧЕНИЯ

Text 1. MY WORKING DAY.

        Usually I get up at 7 o’clock on week-days. I do my bed and open the window. Then I go to the bathroom. There I wash myself and clean my teeth. After that I go back to my bedroom, dress myself and brush my hair. In five minutes I am ready for breakfast. I usually have a cup of tea or coffee and a sandwich. After breakfast I take my bag, put my coat and go to the college.

        I live not far from my college and it takes me only ten minutes to walk there. I am never late for the first class because I come to college a few minutes before the bell. I leave my coat in the cloakroom and go to the classroom. The classes begin at eight fifteen and at one o’clock they are over. Sometimes after classes I go to the library to take some books.

        Sometimes I have dinner at the college canteen. For dinner I usually have soup for the first course, meat or fish with some salad for the second. I drink milk or a cup of tea.

        Twice a week I go to the swimming pool. I play volley-ball in the college team.

        In the evening all the members of our family get together. We have supper together, watch TV or read books. Reading is my hobby. I like to read detective stories or books of modern writers. At eleven o’clock I go to bed.

Questions:

1. When do you usually get up at your working days?

2. What do you do in the morning?

3. What do you have for breakfast?

4. What do you usually have for dinner?

5. Do you often go to the library?

6. When does your family have supper?

7. When do you go to bed?

Text 2. MY DAY OFF

The last two days of the week are Saturday and Sunday. They are called the weekend. People don't go to work on weekends. But students have only one day off. It is Sunday.

Weekend is my favorite time of the week because I don't go to the college. I think Sunday is the best day of the week. On this day I wake up later than usual. And sometimes I don't get up till nine or ten o'clock. As soon as I get up I air the room, do my bed and do morning exercises. Then I have breakfast and help my Mother to clear away the dishes and wash them.

After breakfast I get ready with my homework and then I am free. I meet my friends and we discuss our plans together. Last Sunday we went to the football match. There were many football fans at the stadium. We enjoyed the match very much.

On Sundays I usually do shopping. I take a shopping bag and go shopping. As a rule I go to the shop near my house. There are many departments in this shop and I can buy different goods there. Then I go to the baker's and buy bread and rolls: I also buy milk at the dairy department.

In the evening our family gets together. We have supper, watch TV or read books. Reading is my hobby. I like to read detective stories or books of modern writers. At about eleven o'clock I go to bed.

Questions:

1. What days of the week do you like and why?

2. What time do you get up on Sunday?

3. What do you do in the morning?

   4. How do you usually spend your days off?

5. Do you often go to the country on your days off?

6. How did you spend your last Sunday?

7. Do you go shopping?

8. Do you go in for sports on Sunday?

9. Do your guests often come to you on Sundays?

Text 3. ABOUT MYSELF.

        My name is Sergey Sokolov. I am 26. I was born on the 5^th of June, 1981 in Vladivostok. And I have been living there since my birth.

        I live with my wife in a new two-room flat in a nine storey building. We’ve just married and we are happy together. We haven’t any children yet but we want to have two children. My wife is 25. Her name is Elena. She is an accountant in a big construction firm. She is always very busy. But she runs the house well.

At the weekends we usually visit our parents or meet our friends. I like cooking and sometimes I prepare supper on Saturdays. We invite our friends and have good time together. We like to listen to good music or discuss new films and books.

         I am a firefighter. Firefighting is a difficult occupation. As such, the skills required for safe operations are regularly practiced during training evolutions throughout a firefighters career. 

        Now I am a student of the Far Eastern College of Humanities and Technology. I combine my work and study as I study by correspondence. I am a first year student. I am going to continue my work at Fire department after graduation of the college.

         We have many good teachers in our college. They are highly qualified specialists and have great practical experience. I try to be a good student and I do well in all subjects. But most of all I am interested in Technical rescue and Para-medicine and many others.

        Of course it is difficult to work and study but I try to do my best to become a good specialist.

Questions:

What is your name?

Where and when were you born?

How old are you?

Where do you live?

Have you got a family?

Where do you work?

What are your favorite subjects in college?

ВТОРОЙ ГОД ОБУЧЕНИЯ.

Text 1. THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

        The Russian Federation is the largest country in the world. It occupies about one-seventh of the earth surface. The vast territory of Russia lies in the eastern part of Europe and the northern part of Asia. Its total area is about 17 million square kilometers. The country is washed by 12 seas of 3 oceans: the Pacific, the Artic and the Atlantic. In the south Russia borders on China, Mongolia, Korea, Kazakhstan, Georgia and Azerbaijan. In the west it borders on Norway, Finland, the Baltic States, Belarus and the Ukraine. It also has a sea-border with the USA.

There is hardly a country in the world where such a variety of scenery and vegetation can be found. There are steppes in the south, plains and forests in the midland, tundra and taiga in the north, highlands and deserts in the east. The Great Russian Plain and the West Siberian Lowland are situated on its territory. The main mountain chains are the Urals, the Caucasus and the Altai. There are a lot of great rivers and deep lakes in Russia. The longest rivers are the Volga in Europe and the Ob, the Yenisei and the Lena in Asia. The largest lakes are Ladoga and Baikal. The latter is deepest in the world and its water is the purest on the earth. Russia has one-sixth of the world's forests. They are concentrated in the European north of the country, in Siberia and in the Far East.        

On the vast territory of the country there are various types of climate, from arctic in the north to subtropical in the south. In the middle of the try the climate is temperate and continental.

The Russian Federation is rich in natural and mineral resources. It has deposits of oil, coal, iron ore, natural gas, gold, copper, nickel and many others.

The current population of the country is more than 150 million people. The European part of Russia is densely peopled, and most population lives cities and towns and their outskirts.

Russia is a parliamentary republic. The Head of State is the President. The government consists of three branches: legislative, executive and judicial. The legislative power is exercised by the State Duma. The executive power belongs to the Cabinet of Ministers. The judicial power is represented the system of courts.

The capital of Russia is Moscow, with the population of about 10 million people. It is its largest political, economic, scientific, cultural and educational centre.

Moscow is one of the oldest Russian cities. It was founded by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. Since it was first mentioned in the chronicles of 1147, Moscow has played a vital role in Russian history. For more than 600 years Moscow has been the spiritual centre of the Russian Orthodox Church. In 13th century Moscow was the centre of the struggle for the liberation the Tartar yoke. In the 16th century under Ivan the Terrible Moscow became the capital of the new united _.state of Muscovy. Though in 1712 Peter the Great moved the capital to St. Petersburg, but Moscow remained heart of Russia. That is why it became the main target of Napoleon's attack in 1812. Three-quarters of the city were destroyed by the fire, but by the middle of the 19th century Moscow had been completely restored. After the October revolution Moscow became the capital again.

Moscow is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. The heart of Moscow is Red Square with the Kremlin and St, Basil's Cathedral, masterpieces of ancient Russian architecture.

Moscow is known for its many historical buildings, museums and art galleries, as well as for the famous Bolshoi, Maly and Art theatres. The largest museums are the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts and the State Tretyakov Gallery. Other unique museums include the All-Russia Museum of Folk Arts, the Andrei Rublev Museum of Early Russian Art, Alexei Bakhrushin Theatre Museum, Mikhail Glinka Museum of Musical Culture and many others.        

Moscow is a city of science and learning. There are over 80 higher educational institutions in the city, including a number of universities. It is the seat of the Academy of Sciences of Russia.

Now Moscow is being reconstructed and in a few years the city will become even more beautiful. There are a lot of opportunities for the capital to occupy the leading place in the world.

Text 2. GREAT BRITAIN

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. It consists of four parts: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.

England, Wales and Scotland occupy the territory of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated in the northern part of Ireland. The territory of the United Kingdom is about 244000 square kilometers. The population is over 56 million people. The capital of the United Kingdom is London.

The surface of the United Kingdom varies greatly. The northern and the western parts of the country are mountainous and are called the Highlands. All the rest is a vast plain which is called the Lowlands. The mountains are not very high. The rivers are not very long. The most important of them are the Severn and the Thames. There are many beautiful lakes in the mountainous part of the country.

The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of the Gulf Stream influence the climate of Great Britain. It is mild the whole year round. Winters are not cold and summers are not hot.

Great Britain is a highly developed industrial country. It is known as one of the world's largest producers and exporters of iron and steel products, machinery and electronics, chemicals and textile. One of the industries is shipbuilding.

Great Britain is a country with old cultural traditions and customs. The most famous educational centres are Oxford and Cambridge universities. They are considered to be the intellectual centres of Europe. The education is not free, it is very expensive.

The United Kingdom is a monarchy and the Queen is the .head of the state. But in practice it is ruled by the government with the Prime Minister at the head. The British Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons.

There are three main political parties in Great Britain: the Labour party, the Conservative party and the Liberal party.

Questions:

1. What is the official name of Great Britain?

2. Where is it situated?

3. What parts does it consist of?

4. What is the territory and the population of Great Britain?

5. What city is the capital of Great Britain?

6. What is the surface of the country?

7. Are there any big rivers and lakes in Great Britain? 8. What is the climate on the British Isles?

9. Is Great Britain a highly developed industrial country?

10. What goods does the British industry produce?

Text 3. THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Over the past two centuries, the Constitution of the USA has had considerable influence outside the United States. Several other nations have based their own forms of government on it. It is interesting to note that Lafaette, a hero of the American Revolution, drafted the French declaration of rights when he returned to France. And the United Nations Charter also has clear echoes of what once was considered a revolutionary document.

The governmental systems in the United States - federal, state, county, and local - are quite easy to understand. They are quite easy to understand. One foreign expert complained, for example, that the complexity of just the cities' political and governmental structure is "almost unbelievable". The "real Chicago", he explained, "spreads over 2 states, 6 counties, 10 towns, 30 cities, 49 townships, and 110 villages. Overlaid upon this complex pattern are 235 tax districts and more than 400 school districts...".

 There are, however, several basic principles which are found at all levels of American government. One of these is the "one person, one vote" principle which says that legislators are elected from geographical districts directly by the voters. Under this principle all election districts must have about the same number of residents.

 Another fundamental principle of American government is that because of the system of checks and balances, compromise in politics is a matter of necessity, not choice. For example, the House of Representatives controls spending and finance, so the President must have its agreement for his proposals and programs. He cannot declare war, either, without the approval of Congress.

 In foreign affairs the president is also strongly limited. Any treaty must first be approved by the Senate. If there is no approval, there is no treaty. The rule is "the President proposes, but Congress disposes". What a President wants to do, therefore, is often a different thing from what a President is able to do.

 Under the Constitution of the USA the federal and state governments were designed to serve the people and carry out their majority wishes. One thing they did not want their government to - do is to rule them. Americans expect their governments to serve them and tend to think of politicians and governmental officials as their servants. This attitude remains very strong among Americans today.

1. Read the article.

2. Make a list of words to be remembered.

3. Render the contest of the article.

4. Use the pattern:

1.The article given under the headline “…“

studies...  discusses...  is devoted to...  is about...

2 .  First	the article	is devoted to ...
Next	the author	deals with ,..
Then  Further		considers ...  draws attention to ...
Finally		emphasises ...  studies ...
		discusses ...

3. The figure ...	shows	the number of ...
	illustrates	the amount of ...
	depicts gives represents	the quantity of ...  the price of ...  the value of ...
4. The legislators (scientists, lawyers, officials)	consider	this problem this question this law this amendment	to be	of great importance.  of great use.  of great interest.  of great value.
				promising.  original.
5. To my mind	this problem  this question  this law this amendment	is	of great importance.  of great use.  of great interest.  of great value.
	'		promising.  original.