1. THE ANGLO-SAXON LANGUAGE
2. THE ANGLO-SAXON CALENDAR
3. WHO ARE THE ANGLO-SAXONS?
3. THE ANGLO-SAXON RELIGION
4. THE ANGLO-SAXON KINGDOMS
A long time ago, about 1,500 years ago, the Anglo-Saxons came to Britain. The Anglo-Saxons were a Germanic tribe. They came from lands in northern Europe, such as present-day Germany, Denmark, and the Netherlands. The Anglo-Saxons arrived in Britain after the Romans left the island around the year 410 AD.
Before the Anglo-Saxons came, Britain was part of the Roman Empire. But when the Romans left, there was no one to protect Britain. Over time, the Anglo-Saxons made their homes in many areas, especially in what is now England. In the beginning, they created seven Anglo-Saxon kingdoms: East Anglia, Mercia, Northumbria, Wessex, Essex, Sussex and Kent. The words ‘England’ and ‘Anglia’ mean ‘land of the Angles’. The words ‘Wessex’, ‘Essex’ and ‘Sussex’ mean ‘West Saxons’, ‘East Saxons’ and ‘South Saxons’. These kingdoms became one country under king Edward.
The Anglo-Saxons spoke a language that was very much like German. But over time it changed and became old English. They Anglo-Saxons could write, but they didn’t use the modern English alphabet. They used the runic alphabet, the Germanic writing system. Later they learned to write using the Latin alphabet.
The Anglo-Saxons were pagans. It means that they believed in many gods. They had gods for different things, like the sun, the moon, the weather, and the harvest. One of the most important gods was Woden, the leader of gods and the god of knowledge. Other important gods were Thor, the god of war, and Freya, the goddess of love and family. That’s where the names for the days of the week came from: Friday is Freya’s day, Thursday is Thor’s day, Wednesday is Woden’s day. Sunday and Monday were the days of the Sun and the Moon. Later many Anglo-Saxons became Christians. They started building churches and reading the Bible in Latin.