" Methods of land use planning"

Methods of land use planning

The presentation was prepared by:

2nd year student of group SZO-001

Kulikova Yulia Vladimirovna

Teacher Dzhym Nataliia Victorovna

•   Совокупность специальных правил, приемов и методов разработки планов на сельскохозяйственных предприятиях (в объединениях) представляет собой методику планирования.

Основными методами планирования являются:

• Балансовый,
• Расчетно-аналитический метод,
• Программно-целевой,
• Методы экономико-математического моделирования,
• Нормативно-ресурсный.

Planning methods

• This is one of the main planning methods, which has universal significance as a way of linking needs with resources, i.e. contributing to the solution of one of the most important problems in the enterprise.
• Usually, balances have two sections: the first shows the required resources, the second defines the sources of their coverage or the direction of resource allocation.

Balance method

Material balance diagram

Resources

Resource usage

Balances at the beginning of the planning period

Receipt from suppliers

Manufacturing consumption

Other supply

Operational needs

Total

Balances at the end of the planning period

Total

The balance method involves the development of natural and value balances, among which labor, material, land, energy, financial, etc. should be distinguished .

Balance method

• Based on the analysis of the achieved value of the indicator, taken as the base, and the indices of its change in the planning period, the planned value of this indicator is calculated.

Calculation of the planned indicator

Expert assessment of development prospects

Reporting data for the preplanned period

Expert assessment of the dynamics of reporting data

The method is based on expert judgment and a logical decision-making scheme. Development of various options for technical and economic coefficients, material and monetary costs, balance linking of industries, elements of production, etc.

Calculation and analytical method

• The program-target method is based on the choice of a really set goal of functioning and the development of several options for interrelated economic and social programs for the development of an enterprise for it.

Target-programmed method

• They are based on the development of economic and mathematical models and solving problems using computers.
• Economic and mathematical modeling assumes that the planned object or process can be described by a mathematical analytical or simulation model.
• The basis of modeling is applied mathematics, especially its sections: linear and optimal programming, mathematical statistics, game theory, nonlinear (parametric, stochastic, etc.) programming.
• An economic-mathematical model usually takes the form of a computer program that includes equations for the relations of variables to a specific object.

Methods of economic and mathematical modeling

• Based on the economic assessment of the production potential of the economy (production unit) for the main factors of the production process.
• Production potential should be understood as the quantity, relationship and optimal ratio of all resources of an agricultural enterprise. When determining the production potential, land, fixed assets, circulating material assets and labor resources are evaluated in monetary terms as the main resources.

Normative-resource method

The normative-resource method is based on a strictly substantiated progressive normative planning framework.

Progressive technical and economic standard is a scientifically grounded measure of the maximum or minimum permissible value of the technical and economic indicator of the plan of a specific economy.

For planning in agricultural enterprises, the following standards are used:

• costs of material resources,
• natural loss,
• labor and wages costs,
• personal consumption, etc.

• In contrast to norms, norms are understood as regulated, generalized values of the expenditure of working time, material and monetary resources.
• They are obtained analytically or by calculation (per hectare of sowing, one animal, etc.).

• Standards for planning the economic and social development of an agricultural enterprise can be classified according to the terms of operation: long-term (stable) and current; mandatory use standard and reference; sphere of use intersectoral, sectoral and economic; the degree of complexity is simple, enlarged, complex; methods of development, calculation and analytical, experimental, experimental and statistical.

• Agricultural enterprises widely use standards for assessing production potential, fixed and circulating assets (funds), socio-economic development of the economy, financial, staff, etc.

The initial data for planning includes:

• predicted values of technical and economic indicators,
• scientific and production recommendations,
• main indicators of regional systems of economic management,
• indicators of the level of development of the economy, its divisions,
• norms and standards, contractual obligations, etc.

Thank you for attention!